Seriousness Of Environmental Problems Research Articles

The influence of status consumption and social media marketing strategies on consumers’ perceptions of green and CSR strategies: How the effects link to emotional attachment to restaurants

Due to the rise of environmental consciousness amongst consumers, this study explores how consumer perceptions of green and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies influence consumers' emotional attachment resulting in their advocacy and willingness to pay premium prices (WTP) at green restaurants. The moderating roles of perceived seriousness of environmental problems (PSEP) and ascription of responsibility (AR) were examined between the effects of green and CSR strategies on emotional attachment. To have a better understanding of green consumption, this research further explores if social status and social media marketing have an effect on consumers’ perceptions of green strategies, which in turn influence how they perceive the image of eco-friendly restaurants. Therefore, two studies were designed to collect data, and covariance-based structural equation modelling was adopted for data analysis.Study 1 shows that green and CSR strategies lead to consumers' emotional attachment to restaurants, influencing their advocacy and WTP. Furthermore, PSEP and AR significantly moderate the effect of green strategies on consumers' emotional attachment. Study 2 shows that status consumption and social media strategies affect consumers' perceptions of green strategies at restaurants, which in turn, influence restaurant image. Uniqueness was tested as a moderating effect of social media on consumers’ perceptions of green strategies. The results suggest that consumers with high levels of uniqueness are more likely to be aware of eco-friendly strategies applied by restaurants than those with low levels. Our study contributes extensively to the literature by explaining the results through customer value, social identification, and signalling theories.

Green Purchasing Behavior in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic

Environmental sustainability in recent years has become the focus of discussion in many media, no longer it is merely the problem of physical environmental damage such as waste, forest damage and global warming, but has evolved towards discussing changes in human behavior in consuming products concerning to the consumption of environmentally friendly products/green products. Green purchasing behavior is buying behavior that in the purchasing decision process, it considers environmental sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world has an impact on various sectors of human life, including changing people's buying behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic, Environmental Knowledge, Perceived Seriousness of Environmental Problems, Consumers Attitudes toward The Environment, Green Product Oriented and Social Influence on Green Purchasing Behavior. This research type is a quantitative research with 7 variables and 111 respondents. The population in this study is the people of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data were collected from September to November 2022. The sampling is using nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing used t-test (partial test) and F-tes (simultaneous test). The results of the study conclude that partially Environmental Knowledge, Consumers Attitudes toward The Environment, and Social Influence have a significant effect on Green Purchasing Behavior, while the Covid-19 Pandemic, Perceived Seriousness of Environmental Problems and Green Product Orientation variables have no significant effect on Green Purchasing Behavior. Overall, all variables have an effect of 37.3% on the Green Purchasing Behavior variable.

Application and Effectiveness Evaluation of Environmental Education in Preschool Education

With the increasing seriousness of environmental problems, the importance of environmental education is increasingly recognized, especially in preschool education. Environmental education can not only help children understand environmental issues and develop their environmental awareness but also enhance their environmental skills and behaviors through practical activities. However, how to effectively conduct environmental education and how to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental education have been issues of concern to the education and research communities. Through a review of teaching methods, curriculum design, and assessment methods of environmental education, this paper attempts to explore these issues and provide references for the implementation of preschool environmental education.

The Power of Personal Norms and Green Message Framing Persuade Consumers’ Willingness to Pay Premium Prices at Eco-friendly Restaurants

Although environmental issues are driving many consumers toward pro-environmental consumption, many more consumers may yet not engage in environmentally sound actions. Thus, this study aimed to understand factors influencing consumers’ willingness to consume eco-friendly products by exploring both internal and external factors that trigger consumers’ willingness to pay premium prices (WTP) at green restaurants. To the end, two studies were conducted to satisfy the research objectives. The results of the structural equation modeling from the study 1 showed that perceived seriousness of environmental problems (PSEP), ascription of responsibility (AR), and community attachment (CA) influenced personal norms resulting in customers’ WTP. Study 2 examined whether different green message formats influenced consumers’ internal drivers. The results showed that PSEP increased when the present-focused message was paired with narrative format, and the future-focused message paired with non-narrative format. Customers’ WTP was greater when the present-focused message was paired with narrative format.

A novel forecast scenario-based robust energy management method for integrated rural energy systems with greenhouses

Traditional energy supplies in rural areas are mainly rural power grids and fossil energy, which makes energy use inefficient and is not environmentally unfriendly. With the development of agricultural intelligence and the increasing seriousness of environmental problems, rural areas urgently need to make full use of the rich local renewable resources such as biogas and wind power. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to jointly optimize the supply of electricity and heat energy to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce emissions. In this paper, a cooperative operation framework of the integrated rural energy system with greenhouses (IRES-GH) is introduced and a novel forecast scenario-based robust energy management method is presented to hedge the uncertainty of electric load and wind power output. Based on the forecast bounds of uncertain variables, a two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) model of the IRES-GH is first built. Using the TSRO model, the operation status of the units and energy storage elements in the worst-case scenario can be got. Then, the deterministic dispatch model is constructed based on the obtained operation status of devices and the day-ahead hourly point forecast scenario of uncertain variables to enhance the economy of the dispatch results. Since the second stage of the TSRO model includes binary variables, the nested column and constraint generation (NC&CG) algorithm is used to solve it. The effectiveness of the model and solution method is verified by two cases with different scales.

ÇEVRESEL KİMLİK VE AHLAKİ LİSANSLAMANIN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TURİZM YANLISI DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ

Tourism has negative and increasing effects on the environment. In order to reduce and limit these environmental impacts, there is a need for a responsibility that concerns tourists. The urgency and seriousness of environmental problems require an understanding of the importance of pro-environmental behavior. When it comes to pro-environmental behavior, it is generally understood to reduce the negative environmental effects caused by individual behaviors. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the effects of environmental identity and moral licensing on pro-sustainable tourism behaviors. Within the scope of the study, data were obtained from 330 people with the online survey technique. In the analysis of the data, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were performed within the scope of structural equation modeling. As a result of the analyzes, it was concluded that environmental identity and moral licensing have a positive effect on pro-sustainable tourism behaviors. In line with the results obtained, various suggestions have been made to increase pro-sustainable tourism behaviors and reduce the impact of moral licensing.

Antecedents of Green Purchasing Behavior in the Arabic Gulf

Background: Despite consumers appearing to assign great importance to green purchasing and expecting companies to produce their goods in an environmentally friendly way, they do not always exhibit this positive attitude while making purchases. Focus: This paper aims to discuss the extent to which green purchasing behavior in the Arabic Gulf is affected by individuals’ perceived environmental attitudes, concern, perceived seriousness of environmental problems, perceived environmental responsibility, perceived self-identity in environmental protection, perceived social context in environmental protection, as well as demographics. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey questionnaire on a sample of 324 individuals residing in different Arab countries in the Gulf area. A 5-point Likert scale was used. Path analysis was conducted to test and evaluate the hypothesized relationships among constructs. Results: The study found importantly, by using multiple regression analyses, that consumers’ environmental concern, self-identity in environmental protection, and social context in environmental protection are significant predictors of green purchasing behavior and can predict 38.9% of green purchasing behavior. Among demographic factors, gender showed a significant effect on green purchasing behavior. Importance to Social Marketing Field: The present study enhances the social marketing literature through the understanding of green purchasing behaviors from a perspective of non-Western countries. Recommendation for Research or Practice: This paper has significant managerial implications. The findings could help marketers and government in formulating strategies that encourage green purchasing behavior in the Arabic Gulf. Limitations: Although the current study shed some light on green purchasing behaviors in the Arabic Gulf, it did not focus on a particular type of green product; rather, it looked at green purchasing behavior in general.

ÇEVRESEL SORUNLARIN KÜRESEL Sİ YASETE ETKİ Sİ Nİ N GEZEGENSEL BASKILARA UYARLANMIŞ İ NSANİ GELİ ŞME ENDEKSİ EKSENİ NDE DEĞERLENDİ Rİ LMESİ

The transformation that started with the concept of sustainability in today’s economic system, which is based on the faster growth of countries and a higher level of welfare, continues with the understanding of the seriousness of environmental problems. Countries that have high scores in the human development index (HDI) according to the planetary pressures-adjusted human development index (HDI) which are a re􀏐lection of this change and started to be calculated in 2019, fall behind in the rankings when evaluated with the damage they cause to the planet, and this situation is expressed by the pressure these countries put on the planet. The main objective of this study is to examine the HDI scores of the countries for 2019 in comparison with the HDI scores and to interpret the changes in global politics that countries put on the planet. Keywords: Planetary Pressures–Adjusted Human Development Index, Human Development Index, CO2 Emissions, Environmental Problems, Global Politics.

Chinese household environmental footprint and its response to environmental awareness

Sustainable consumption has become an important issue when the world has limited resources and deteriorating environment. Given the context, this study first examines the influence of income disparities on different environmental footprints of Chinese households. We combine the input-output model with Chinese household survey data from the China family panel studies. The results show that, on an average, the carbon dioxide (CO2), pollutants, water and energy footprints of richest families are about 4.5–5.9 times larger than that of poorest households. Furthermore, the richest families even have 9.2–11.5 times larger metal and non-metal footprints. The consumption structure change can act as a driving factor to offset the increase in CO2, pollutants, water and energy footprints brought about by income rise, since it has reduced the household footprints per unit expenditure. However, the consumption structure change may increase the metal and non-metal footprints per unit expenditure simultaneously, making the metal and non-metal footprints increase faster than the other footprints as income increases. Since environment awareness is expected as a factor to further restrain household environment footprints on the demand side, we also examine how one important component of environmental awareness–perceived seriousness of environmental problems–influences household footprints based on the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model. While emphasizing seriousness of environmental issues can cause a slight decline in the metal and non-metal footprints, it surprisingly increases the CO2, energy, and pollutants footprints; it does not influence the water footprint. In addition, perception of the seriousness of environmental problems impacts the environmental behaviors of wealthy families more than poor families. These findings demonstrate the need to formulate policies to overcome the demand-side challenge of achieving sustainability.

Promoting sustainable development: A research on residents' green purchasing behavior from a perspective of the goal‐framing theory

AbstractThis research proposed a model based on the goal‐framing theory in an attempt to understand the effect of residents' egoistic and altruistic appeals on green purchasing behavior, with the hope to promote green purchasing behavior and close the green motivation‐behavior gap. A total of 504 usable samples were collected in China, and confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results showed that media persuasion can affect residents' green purchasing behavior through simultaneously activating three‐dimensional goal frames. The mediation effect of normative goal frames was significantly greater than that of gain goal frames and hedonic goal frames. Moreover, perceived seriousness of environmental problems positively moderated the mediation effect of gain goal frames, while negatively moderated the mediation effect of hedonic goal frames, but it did not moderate the mediation effect of normative goal frames. Interesting findings suggest that media persuasion may have a persistent effect on green purchasing behavior by promoting the three types of motives that give consideration to the dual appeals together. Finally, this study provided important theoretical and practical implications for academic researchers and green practitioners.

ANALYZING GREEN PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF TURKISH AND PERSIAN CONSUMERS

Consumers being conscious about environmental issues tend to have favorable attitude to green purchasing. Offering eco-friendly products and services should be a good strategy for all companies wishing to provide competitive advantage in the marketplace. In the literature, a number of factors accepted as the antecedents of green purchasing behavior and this study examined eight factors of them. It is predicted that the factors which have an effect on the green purchasing behavior are different between the consumers having different nationality due to cultural differences. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences between both the antecedents of green purchasing behavior and green purchasing behavior of Turkish and Persian consumers. According to the results, differences are found between some antecedents of green purchasing behavior as environmental knowledge, social influence, environmental concern, perceived seriousness of environmental problems, concern for self-image, and green purchasing behavior of Turkish and Persian consumers.

Low-Carbon Community Adaptive Energy Management Optimization Toward Smart Services

With the rapid development of society and the economy and the increasing seriousness of environmental problems, renewable energy and high-quality energy services in low-carbon communities have become popular research topics. However, a large number of volatile distributed generation power systems in the community are connected to the grid. It is difficult to stabilize and efficiently interact with fragmented and isolated energy management systems, and it is difficult to meet energy management needs in terms of low-carbon emissions, stability, and intelligence. Therefore, by considering operation costs, pollution control costs, energy stability, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, this article proposes a regional energy supply model called community energy Internet and builds a low-carbon community energy adaptive management model for smart services. Then, to address energy supply instability, an adaptive feedback control mechanism developed based on model predictive control is introduced to adapt to the changing environment. Finally, a long short-term memory-recurrent neural network-based Tabu search is introduced to prevent the multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm from easily falling into a local optimum. The simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively realize the optimal allocation of energy, which solves the problem of fragmented energy islands caused by distributed power access. This method has quality of service benefits for users, such as cost, time, and stability, and realizes wide interconnections, high intelligence, and low-carbon efficiency of community energy management.

Persuasion Game: Cross Cultural Comparison

Background. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the “persuasion game” in changing environmental attitudes and behaviors in different cultural contexts. Personal communication has been identified as a key facilitator of environmental behaviors, but environmental communication in our daily lives is infrequent. Intervention. This study tested the effects of the persuasion game in Germany, Hong Kong, and Japan. The game divides participants into two groups: persuaders and persuadees. The persuaders were given 10 minutes to persuade as many persuadees as they could to adopt energy-saving behaviors. Further, after 10 minutes, these participants were asked to switch their roles. Method. The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design to examine changes in attitudes and behavioral intentions of the participants toward energy-saving before and after their participation in the persuasion game. Participants were university students in Germany (N = 116), Hong Kong (N = 65), and Japan (N = 92). Results. In all three countries, playing the game was associated with increased intention to adopt energy-saving behaviors, perceived seriousness of environmental problems, descriptive norm, and subjective norm. The increase in subjective norm was especially high in Japan, where the increase in intention to adopt energy-saving behavior was particularly pronounced among those who had less environmental communication. Discussion. The results indicate that this game can not only facilitate communication on environmental issues in different cultural contexts but also change how people perceive others’ interest in environmental issues. Conclusion. This study showed that persuasion game can be played in countries other than Japan as well. Moreover, it provides an opportunity to communicate with others on environmental issues, which may contribute to promoting future environmental behaviors.

Diagnose barriers to sustainable development: A study on “desensitization” in urban residents' green purchasing behavior

AbstractIt is of great significance to remove barriers to green purchasing to improve the environmental governance efficiency of the green market. For this purpose, this paper takes the validity of the environmental “fear appeals” as the starting point and explores the formation mechanism of the “desensitization” to green consumption. Based on structural equation modeling and multiple regression model, we carried out an empirical study on a sample of 479 urban adult residents. The results show that media persuasion exerted a positive impact on green purchasing behavior through the perceived seriousness of environmental problems. The perceived seriousness of environmental problems positively impacted green purchasing behavior and played a partial mediated effect between media persuasion and green purchasing behavior. Meanwhile, the mediated effect of the perceived seriousness of environmental problems was negatively moderated by both perceived effectiveness of environmental behavior and switching costs. Moreover, the analysis of urban adults' “desensitization” to green consumption indicates that the formation mechanism of adults' “desensitization” was different from that of the minors. Our conclusions bear certain theoretical and practical significance for the media to correctly use green persuasion strategies and rectify bias in green attitudes and behaviors, as well as for enterprises to conduct green marketing, etc.

I green, you green, we all green: Testing the extended environmental theory of planned behavior among the university students of Pakistan

To bring about a change in the complex environmental degradation problems caused by humans, a continued commitment to counteracting these problems is necessary. This study aims to extend and validate the environmental theory of planned behavior by incorporating the cognitive-perceptual beliefs about the outcome of ecological actions. We collected the data via a self-administered questionnaire from 285 systematically selected urban university students of Pakistan. The study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood method (MLE). Extended environmental theory of planned behavior explained a considerable amount of variance in green purchase intentions. Results revealed that the perceived seriousness of environmental problems and independent self-construal were the most formative determinants of green purchase intentions. Marketers should associate green consumption with personal goals and achievements in their promotional campaigns. Furthermore, practitioners and policymakers should initiate awareness programs regarding the seriousness of environmental degradation to encourage pro-environmental consumption.

Socio-structural and psychological factors behind car use: Comparing Northern and Eastern Europe

This study explores cross-cultural differences in car travel behaviour in a northern and an eastern European country, namely Sweden and Estonia. We assess the role of country-specific socio-structural circumstances, and the influence of individual motivations, including social values, perceived seriousness of environmental problems associated with car use, and car use reduction intentions, in shaping the frequency of car use for different purposes. The results show that compared to Swedish people, people in Estonia are more dependent on cars in their everyday travel. Our study shows that higher social position is associated with higher frequency of car trips in more stratified Estonian society, but not necessarily where socio-economic differences are less pronounced, as in Sweden. Regarding the relative significance of values and intentions next to socio-economic determinants, values and intentions have a greater explanatory power of car use frequency in Estonia, compared to Sweden. That values and preferences play a smaller role in car travel frequency in the socio-economically more secure Sweden, indicates that car travel is a basic habit, which is not easily discernible through individual values and attitudes in more affluent societies. Differences in car travel frequencies between the respondents from different settlement types in Estonian but no differences between settlement types in Sweden, shows that a country’s broader approach to managing the economic and social viability of its regions, may shape car travel needs and opportunities. The results of this study may have implications in terms of ways of curbing emissions from transportation in different parts of Europe.

Effects of green practices on guest satisfaction and loyalty

Due to the growing awareness of consumers about the seriousness of environmental problems and the importance of environmental protection, more and more hotel companies have been developing green practices to respond to this environmental concern of customers. This paper proposes and tests the relationship between these "green" initiatives and the satisfaction of tourists and their intentions to return and their willingness to spread a positive word-of-mouth (WOM) of the hotel. In order to compare the hypotheses proposed, the methodology of the survey is used through a structured questionnaire based on the information provided by guests staying in 3 and 4-star hotels. The results show that there is a positive relationship between "green" practices and customer satisfaction, and in turn provides evidence of the effect of environmental measures, both direct and mediated through satisfaction, on the intention to return and the WOM developed by guests. Moreover, the motive of the trip plays a moderating role in the relationship between hotel “green practices” and guest satisfaction. Our work highlights the importance of the hotel companies' implementation of sustainable practices to meet the needs of their clients and the attainment of favourable attitudes towards their intention to return.

Why Does Energy-Saving Behavior Rise and Fall? A Study on Consumer Face Consciousness in the Chinese Context

This research examines the effect of an individual difference variable that reflects the extent to which one desires positive evaluations from others—that is, face consciousness on consumer energy-saving behavior—as well as the mechanism through which the effect occurs and conditions under which it varies. Drawing upon the means-end theory of lifestyles, we propose that face consciousness increases a status-seeking lifestyle and thus decreases energy-saving behavior. Moreover, the negative relationship between status-seeking lifestyle and energy-saving behavior is contingent upon a perceived seriousness of environmental problems and perceived environmental responsibility, such that the indirect and negative effect of such face consciousness is stronger for consumers who perceive less serious environmental problems and less environmental responsibility. Results from an experimental study and a field study using samples of Chinese consumers provide consistent evidence for the hypothesized model. Theoretical and practical implications for energy-saving behavior are also discussed.

Activism: A Strong Predictor of Proactive Environmentally Friendly Buying Behavior in Turkey

<p>The market for environmentally friendly products in Turkey is growing, and marketing experts are trying to understand the behavior of the consumers in this market with the help of variables such as demographic factors, information, attitudes, values and life styles. This study analyzes the effects of environmental activism, environmental knowledge and the perceived seriousness of environmental problems on green buying behavior. The study involved 516 Turkish consumers, over eighteen years of age. The results show that environmental activism, environmental knowledge and the perceived seriousness of environmental problems are all meaningful factors in environmentally friendly buying behavior. It was found that the most explanatory variables are environmental activism for proactive environmentally friendly buying behavior and the perceived seriousness of environmental problems for optional environmentally friendly buying behavior. The study is significant since it will offer insights for green marketing experts who especially target specific segments as activists, voluntary simplifiers or green consumers in Turkey.</p>

高校校园生态系统可控性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 高校校园生态系统可控性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201401040026 作者: 作者单位: 上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海大学环境与化学工程学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: Realization of a controlled campus ecosystem Author: Affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在环境问题日趋严重的背景下,人类一直在探索将城市生态系统改造成能够自身循环、更好利用可再生能源、同时大幅减少排放的受控系统,但由于该系统的复杂度太高,可控程度较低,其实现难度很大。高校校园可视为比较典型的城市生态系统的子系统,在合理的管控与现代信息技术的支持下,高校校园最有可能实现生态系统可控化建设。对四个主要生态流(物质流、能量流、人口流、信息流)在高校生态系统中的作用进行理论阐述,针对具有中国特色、学生大规模集中居住的高校校园,提出了一种新的受控生态系统改造方案。通过对现有校园生态工程技术进行组装,完成校园生态系统基础构筑。利用综合的校园生态系统信息流管理平台监管校园物质循环、能量流动、人口流动,探讨了可实现的高校受控生态系统的建设模式,最终提出了高校受控生态系统建设的理论模型,以期达到高校校园物质与能源利用效率最大化,降低碳排放,改善局部小型气候群,进而改善环境大气候。研究结果如能较好的应用到实践中,将为城市生态系统建设提供重要参考,意味着现代生态学将为人类发展作出一定的贡献。 Abstract:The increasing seriousness of environmental problems is becoming a pressing social issue. Much attention is given to exploring ways to change this situation, with ecology being considered the most effective and sustainable solution. With increasing human development, cities have become the most important form of human settlement. Many studies have examined how to reform cities into managed ecosystems that are more self-contained, achieving a greater utilization of renewable resources and less contamination and emissions. In practice, it is difficult to realize such a system, due to the complex and uncontrollable behavior of city flows. However, college and university campuses may be viewed as representing a simplified eco-city that, through human intervention, is most likely to be reformed into a controlled ecological system through modern information technology and effective management. Thus, the authors investigated the possibility of realizing a controlled campus ecosystem. The study examined the main ecological flows within the ecosystem, which include flows of material, energy, population, and information. The role of the four ecological flows in the metabolism of a campus ecosystem is delineated in this article. At present, a university campus in China typically has many students, faculty, and staff who study, live, and produce there. The campus system has become increasingly energy-intensive and resource-intensive, subsequently discharging increasing quantities of waste to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to reduce these outflows, such that the campus system becomes more sustainable. By recycling and reusing waste-water and solid waste, the campus may be transformed into an independent ecosystem. This process raises the possibility of a new approach to reform typical Chinese campuses. Ecological engineering technologies, such as solar energy, green roofs, the use of heat pumps, and high-tech information collection systems, etc., were applied to optimize the construction of the campus ecosystem. The Information Flow System (IFS) utilized data on human activities and the flows of energy and matter to more efficiently manage matter circulation and energy flow. This paper presents a theoretical model of how to form a controlled ecological system, and discusses the possibility of realizing the construction and management of an ecologically controlled campus. These efforts are expected to maximize the efficiency of energy and material use; thus, reducing carbon emissions and associated climatic and environmental impacts. If this theoretical model could be realized, it would provide a valuable reference for eco-city construction. Furthermore, this model would make a significant contribution the modern ecology of humans. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献