Emotional Disorders Research Articles

Analysis of Intervention Research Trends and Quality Indicators Related to Counseling for Students with Emotional Behavioral Disorders and Students At-Risk

Analysis of Intervention Research Trends and Quality Indicators Related to Counseling for Students with Emotional Behavioral Disorders and Students At-Risk

Association between parity and female mortality: the mediative role of depressive symptoms.

Is parity associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women in a nationally representative cohort of the US population, and does depression mediate this association? Nulliparous women have a higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with depression partially mediating the relationship between parity and women's all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Parity, a significant state in reproductive life, has enduring implications for women's health. There is also a complex relationship between depression, a prevalent mental and emotional disorder, and female fertility. Previous studies have elucidated the relationships between parity and depression, both of which are associated with mortality. However, findings from studies examining parity and women's mortality have been inconsistent. Moreover, few studies have investigated whether the effect of parity on mortality is mediated by depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from seven cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2018. The study cohort comprised adult women with available parity and survival follow-up data. Parity data were self-reported and sourced from the Reproductive Health Questionnaire. Depression scores were derived from the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, and cause-specific deaths were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Weighted multivariable Cox regression was applied to analyze the association between parity, depression, and mortality. Weighted linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between parity and depression. Mediation analyses were employed to determine whether and to what extent depression mediated the effect of parity on mortality. Our study ultimately encompassed 16962 American women. Following multivariable adjustment, compared to nulliparous women, those with one to three live births exhibited a 17% and 33% reduction in all-cause and cancer mortality, respectively (all-cause mortality: HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-0.99, P = 0.040; cancer mortality: HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45-0.99, P = 0.045). Women with more than four live births demonstrated lower all-cause mortality and mortality from other (not cancer or cardiovascular disease) diseases (all-cause mortality: HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.58-0.93, P = 0.011; other diseases mortality: HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47-0.91, P = 0.013). No correlation was detected between parity and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among women. Furthermore, depression was found to partially mediate the impact of parity on all-cause mortality and mortality from other diseases in women. Firstly, a single index of parity was used as an exposure factor, and other reproductive factors such as birth spacing, age at first birth, and mode of delivery were not taken into account. Secondly, despite accounting for important potentially confounders in our analysis, such as BMI, smoking status, and educational level, the influence of unmeasured confounders (e.g., social class, latent reproductive system diseases) on reproductive behavior or mortality cannot be dismissed. Thirdly, women's vulnerability to depression fluctuates across reproductive stages, and the effect of depression on female fertility varies over time. Due to data constraints, we were unable to obtain information on women's mental health status at different reproductive stages. Fourthly, due to the data accessibility limitations of NHANES, we were unable to specifically explore the relationship between parity and different specific types of cancer, a limitation that may obscure potential correlations. Additionally, despite our efforts to control for various confounding factors in subgroup analyses, the smaller sample sizes in some subgroups may limit the statistical power, affecting the ability to detect effects. Finally, studies exploring the association between parity and depression are cross-sectional designs, making it difficult to infer causality. These results should be interpreted with caution, and further research is warranted to corroborate our findings. Our study underscores the elevated risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in nulliparous women and reveals that depression partially mediates the negative correlation between parity and women's all-cause mortality and mortality from other diseases. These results should be interpreted with caution, and further investigation is needed to support our findings. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2705700), the Key Research & Developmental Program of Hubei Province (2022BCA042), and the Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (JCRCWL-2022-001). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. N/A.

The Effect of Parental Support on the Quality of Life of Children with Thalassemia

Introduction: Thalassaemia is a blood disorder that is passed down from parents to their children. Patients should receive blood transfusions regularly. Children with thalassaemia will undergo treatment for a long time. These extreme impacts cause various physical, emotional, social, and environmental disorders that can reduce the quality of life of people with persistent thalassaemia major. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of family support on the quality of life in children with thalassaemia major. Methods: This research is a type of quantitative correlation with the cross-sectional approach. The sample of all thalassemia patients in April-August 2022 until 2024 Agustus, was 120 pediatric patients selected using the total sampling technique. Bivariate analysis using chi square. Results: The age characteristics of children with thalassaemia were 83 (69.2%), the majority of females were 65 (54.2%). Family support was mostly positive for 63 (52.5%) and the quality of life of children with thalassaemia was mostly for 64 respondents (65.8%) in the normal category. There is a relationship of family support for the quality of life of children with thalassaemia at the Dr. Soedirman Regional General Hospital, Kebumen. Conclusions: Support family and friends, as well as providing a adequate for parents is very important in improving the quality of life of children Thalassaemia.

Validation of the Danish Version of the Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS): A Reliable Instrument for Assessing Depression Symptoms and Functional Impairment.

In psychotherapy, having a reliable tracking tool is vital for effective treatment. We have validated the Danish version of the 'Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale' (ODSIS), which is used in the Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders (UP) and other cognitive behavioural therapies. This five-item self-rating scale is expected to correspond closely to the gold-standard Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), but also to self-rating scales addressing daily functioning and well-being. Internal consistency is assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Criterion validity is explored through Pearson's correlation coefficient with BDI-II, the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and scatter plots, and an optimal cut-off score is determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The study included 340 respondents: 234 from a recent clinical trial, 56 psychiatric patients from inpatient/outpatient units and 50 healthy volunteers. ODSIS demonstrates strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.887-0.956, McDonald's omega: 0.888-0.957). Correlations with BDI-II, WSAS and WHO-5 highlight its strong criterion validity (BDI-II: 0.847, WSAS: 0.751, WHO-5: 0.771). The optimal cut-off score (> 7.5) for detecting depression shows great sensitivity (0.862) and specificity (0.731). The Danish version of ODSIS proves to be a reliable instrument for quantification of a combination of depression level and functional impairment from the symptoms. Its high correlation with established BDI-II makes it a brief and handy tool for repeated measurement in clinical and research settings.

Psychological Well-Being of Children with Asthma and Their Parents.

Background/Objectives: The literature reports that emotional disorders in asthmatic children and their parents may affect asthma control. This research explores the baseline psychological well-being of asthmatic children and their mothers' and fathers' psychological functioning, focusing on the influence of the parents' anxiety and separation anxiety on children's asthma. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled children with non-severe asthma and their parents, and a group of healthy children and their parents. The asthmatic children underwent anamnestic investigation, including asthma control and spirometry. Then, both the asthmatic and control triads filled a survey assessing their psychological functioning. Results: Among the 40 asthmatic children enrolled (8-18 years old), most had good clinical control maintained with GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) therapy step 1-2 (14 patients, 35%) or step 3-4 (26 patients, 65%); 12 patients (30%) had at least one steroid course in the year before enrollment. They exhibited normal psychological adjustment but elevated levels of general (U = 179,500; p < 0.001) and state anxiety (U = 170,000; p < 0.001) compared to healthy peers. Additionally, the asthmatic children's mothers displayed higher levels of separation anxiety compared to the fathers (t = -2.865, p = 0.006). Increased separation anxiety in the mothers corresponded to a history of at least one exacerbation in the previous year. Conclusions: The asthmatic children exhibited normal psychological adjustment with higher general and state anxiety. Also, their mothers showed greater levels of separation anxiety compared to their fathers. Lastly, higher mothers' separation anxiety corresponded to a history of at least one exacerbation in the previous year. The influence of the parents' psychological well-being on the children's asthma control was previously unexplored.

“I Thought That We Could Nurture the Nature Out of Our Son”: Making Meaning of Parenting in the Narratives of Parents of Children in Residential Treatment

ABSTRACT Enrolling a child in residential treatment for behavioral or emotional disorders is often considered a last resort for parents and can be accompanied by feelings of desperation and failure. Coupled with social discourse inexorably linking parenting with mental health outcomes, parents might experience stigma as they seek support for themselves and their children. Thus, this study implements relational dialectics theory to explore the meaning of parenting from the perspective of parents who have enrolled a child in a residential treatment program. Contrapuntal analysis of six interviews revealed two discourses competing to make meaning of parenting, the Discourse of Demanding Parenting Ideals (DDPI), consisting of two themes: relentless sacrifice and complete responsibility, whereas themes of boundary-setting and acceptance compose the Discourse of Realistic Best Effort (DRBE). Discursive interplay between these discourses occurred in the forms of diachronic separation, synchronic interplay, and discursive transformation to make meaning of parenting.

Long-Term Trends in Socially Maladjusted Behavior of Students With and Without Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A 22-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Long-Term Trends in Socially Maladjusted Behavior of Students With and Without Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A 22-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

MEGACÓLON PSICOGÊNICO EM PACIENTE PORTADOR DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: UM RELATO DE CASO

Introduction: Psychogenic megacolon (PM) is a rare dysfunction usually found during childhood. This condition is characterized as an abnormal and irreversible dilation of the intestinal colon of psychogenic etiology, that is, such motility disorder is linked to some emotional disorder. A full understanding of this disorder is still a long way off due to its scarce description in the medical literature, however, authors such as Liu et al (2019) define it as a persistent dilation of the colon in the absence of any underlying organic or physiological causes, highlighting its diagnosis as purely eliminatory due to its symptomatic similarity with congenital megacolon (Hirschprung's disease). Objectives: The following case report aims at a retrospective and cross-sectional study, arising from the analysis of the patient's medical records, in order to lay scientific foundations for future research addressing the thematic axis of MP in conjunction with the development of new, more effective therapeutic proposals for the disease. Methods: The data provided in this study were obtained from the active collection of information from the patient's medical record, analyzed in line with others extracted from an interview with the person responsible, however, a literature review was carried out using data platforms as sources of good origin such as Scielo Platform, Google Scholar and PubMed. Results: The case describes a 3-year-old male patient, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and with a history of previous hospitalizations related to urinary tract infection (UTI) and médium acute otitis (MAO). In the current history, the patient was admitted due to an acute infectious condition unrelated to MP, however, a distended and painless abdomen was found with increased peristalsis with decreased frequency of bowel movements and the presence of a large fecal cake. via ultrasound, with the diagnosis of megacolon, the clinic was related to the diagnosis of ASD and the patient's difficulty in adapting to the hospital environment, making the hypothesis of MP very likely. Conclusion: The report above describes a highly suggestive picture for MP, while this study seeks to raise the hypothesis of its correlation with ASD, while this neurodevelopmental disorder can influence the bowel habits of those patients historically included within the age group conducive to the manifestation of this disease.

Development and Piloting of an Abbreviated Bullying Assessment Tool for Youth with and without Special Education Needs: The Adolescent Risk and Connectedness Survey and Interview (ARC-S and ARC- I)

ABSTRACT Bullying has deleterious effects on the health of youth, families, schools, and communities. These effects are especially pronounced for youth with special education needs specific to emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Much of what is understood concerning the effects of bullying has been limited to face-to-face contexts. Despite the ubiquity of technology use among youth and the potential for harm, less is known about cyber-bullying. This study sought to investigate the initial use of a newly developed tool, the Adolescent Risk and Connectedness – Survey and Interview (ARC-S and ARCS- I), to investigate experiences with face-to-face bullying and cyber-bullying, alongside risk and protective factors in youth with and without EBD. The ARC is an ecological systems theory-informed survey and interview tool developed to address some limitations of existing assessment approaches. Preliminary data suggest that ARC is an appropriate tool for adolescents with and without EBD as it provides a holistic and contextualized measure of risk and protective factors associated with bullying in school contexts.

Oral administration of tea-derived exosome-like nanoparticles protects epithelial and immune barrier of intestine from psychological stress

Psychological stress disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier and is strongly linked to emotional disorders, behavioral changes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. However, there are limited treatment options available for repairing the damage to the intestinal barrier. As a natural plant-based health beverage, tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to have various potentially advantageous effects on the intestinal barrier and immune function. In this study, we extracted bioactive molecules from tea leaves, named exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs), and then examined their potential protective properties for the intestinal barrier. Through in vitro experimentation, we investigated whether tea-derived ELNs (TELNs) could offer a protective effect against lipopolysaccharides-induced damage to the intestinal barrier. In an in vivo experiment, rats were exposed to water avoidance stress and subsequently administered TELNs orally. The administration of TELNs resulted in the enhancement of the epithelial barrier in the intestine, effectively preventing bacterial translocation to the submucosae. Additionally, TELNs were found to improve the function of the intestinal immune barrier through the mediation of interleukin-22 and the increased secretion of antimicrobial peptide Reg3g. Notably, miR-44 and miR-54 in TELNs exhibited similar protective effects on the intestinal barrier. These findings suggest that TELNs possess the ability to restore the integrity of the intestinal barrier in the context of psychological stress.

Relations Between Stress Level and the Occurrence of Constipation to Medical Students

Stress can be experienced by anyone. The number of events is increasing every year. This isevidenced from the results of Basic Health Research in 2013 and 2018, namely an increase in theprevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian population aged ≥ 15 years from 6percent to 9.8 percent. Stress can have a negative impact on the human body both physically andpsychologically. One of the effects of stress on the body is constipation. Unfortunately not muchliterature discusses stress and constipation in more detail. This study aims to determine whetherthere is a relationship between stress levels and constipation in the seventh semester students ofthe 2016 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Ukrida. This research uses analytic studymethod with cross-sectional approach. Sampling is done by consecutive sampling method. Thestudy was conducted in December 2019 at the Ukrida’s medical campus. 150 out of 206 studentsof 2016 from Ukrida Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences who are in their seventh semester,are included in the inclusion criteria. The research material is primary data in the form of aConstipation Scoring System questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. The results showed arelationship between stress levels and constipation. This was obtained from the Chi Square testcalculation which was calculated using the SPSS computer program, where the p value was 0.01(p &lt;0.05).

Prevalence of Common Child Mental Health Disorders Using Administrative Health Data and Parent Report in a Prospective Community-Based Cohort from Alberta, Canada: Prévalence des troubles communs de santé mentale de l'enfant à l'aide des données de santé administratives et des rapports des parents dans une cohorte prospective communautaire d'Alberta, Canada.

Knowing the prevalence of mental health difficulties in young children is critical for early identification and intervention. In the current study, we examine the agreement among three different data sources estimating the prevalence of diagnoses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional disorders (i.e., anxiety or mood disorder) for children between birth and 9 years of age. Data from a prospective pregnancy cohort was linked with provincial administrative health data for children in Alberta, Canada. We report the positive agreement, negative agreement, and Cohen's Kappa of parent-reported child diagnoses provided by a health professional ("parent report"), exceeding a clinical cut-off on a standardized questionnaire completed by parents (the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition ["BASC-3"]), and cumulative inpatient, outpatient, or physician claims diagnoses ("administrative data"). Positive and negative agreement for administrative data and parent-reported ADHD diagnoses were 70.8% and 95.6%, respectively, and 30.5% and 94.9% for administrative data and the BASC-3, respectively. For emotional disorders, administrative data and parent-reported diagnoses had a positive agreement of 35.7% and negative agreement of 96.30%. Positive and negative agreement for emotional disorders using administrative data and the BASC-3 were 20.0% and 87.4%, respectively. Kappa coefficients were generally low, indicating poor chance-corrected agreement between these data sources. The data sources highlighted in this study provide disparate agreement for the prevalence of ADHD and emotional disorder diagnoses in young children. Low Kappa coefficients suggest that parent-reported diagnoses, clinically elevated symptoms using a standardized questionnaire, and diagnoses from administrative data serve different purposes and provide discrete estimates of mental health difficulties in early childhood. Prevalence of child mental health disorders according to different data sources in Canada.

A Preliminary Discussion on the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Traditional Chinese Medicine

A Preliminary Discussion on the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Constipation is associated with emotional and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A clinical and brain functional study

ObjectiveConstipation frequently occurs in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may be related to cognitive and emotional disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and brain functional characteristics of patients with PD presenting with constipation. MethodsThe motor and non-motor symptoms of patients with PD were evaluated, and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) study was conducted based on propensity score matching. Alterations in brain function were analyzed using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). ResultsCompared with patients without constipation (PD-NC group), patients with constipation (PD-C group) had more serious motor and non-motor symptoms (including cognitive and emotional disorders along with visual hallucinations). Further, emotional and cognitive disorders were correlated with the occurrence of constipation in patients with PD. Compared with the PD-NC group, the PD-C group showed a reduced ReHo of the right insula and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), increased ReHo of the left postcentral gyrus, and enhanced FC between the right OFC and the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and middle occipital gyrus (MOG). Additionally, the activity of the OFC and insula was significantly correlated with the constipation, mood, and cognitive levels of patients with PD. ConclusionsConstipation in patients with PD is closely related to emotional and cognitive impairments, abnormal activity and FC of brain regions such as the right insula and bilateral OFC may play an important role in this.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО ДИАГНОЗА ЭТАНОЛОВОЙ АТАКСИИ

The abuse of alcoholic beverages and the consequences of its impact on the internal organs and nervous system, remains an urgent medical and social problem for our country for a long time. Alcoholism has an extremely negative effect on the functioning of the cerebellar system, causing dynamic and static-locomotor ataxia and damage to the peripheral nervous system, which aggravates the impaired function of walking and coordination. Due to the concomitant emotional and cognitive disorders, age-related features in individuals suffering from alcoholism, the diagnosis of clinical manifestations of ataxia and comorbid cerebral, visceral pathology has a number of features that need to be considered for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient.

Utilizing sociocultural identity to cope with poverty-related stress: methodological insights from developing a coping intervention

ABSTRACT Cultural identity affirmation, pride, and belongingness are known to protect youth from negative outcomes in the face of uncontrollable stresses such as discrimination, economic hardship, and community violence. Scholars have argued that racial, cultural, and other social identities serve as important coping resources, encouraging active coping and the use of social support and mitigating the impact of stress for marginalized youth. The Building a Strong Identity and Coping Skills (BaSICS) program was designed to improve mental health by targeting the skills, assets, and resources known to protect against developing emotional and behavioral symptoms and disorders. In the BaSICS intervention, youth explore their cultural and social identities to strengthen their understanding of, and connection to, positively supportive social groups via exploration of family and community cultural heritage. Youth are then encouraged to engage their collaborative coping skills founded in their sociocultural identities, working together on a project of collective community action. This methodological paper will describe the theory and development of the BaSICS identity development and collective coping module.

Impact of indoor visual environment on emotional and behavioral symptoms of older people with dementia

Older people with dementia manifest emotional and behavioral symptoms (EBS), such as emotion disorders, environmental adaptation problems, sleep disorders, limited mobility, etc. The indoor visual environment (IVE) in care and attention (C&A) homes may relieve or aggravate those EBS. To improve the IVE in C&A homes and satisfy the special requirements of older people with dementia, this study investigated the impact of the IVE in C&A homes on the EBS in older residents with mild to moderate dementia. The predesigned questionnaire survey was carried out among 100 participants with dementia living in C&A homes, and the interview was conducted with 12 staff members with different positions. An IVE–EBS model was established using various statistical analysis methods. The verified model demonstrated that the space, view out, window, furniture, door, and color significantly influenced the EBS in older people with dementia. Practical recommendations were proposed, including 1) relatively small space and unblocked vision for enhancing their confidence to move around; 2) a quiet view out with greenery, aesthetic scene, and broad perspective; 3) a window-to-floor ratio of the activity room higher than 1:4; 4) wooden furniture for a warm atmosphere; 5) dementia-friendly door wraps to improve the unique features of the doors; 6) a CCT of 2500K–3000K to promote older adults with dementia sleep well in the evening.

Сomparative analysis of psychodynamics in the therapy of neurotic and borderline patients

This report presents psychodynamics based on clinical cases of patients with neurotic and borderline personality structure. Psychodynamics in therapy is necessary to understand the genesis and treatment of emotional disorders of intrapsychic conflicts, which are the result of an unconscious struggle of contradictory motives within the personality, since most of our thoughts, feelings and behavior are determined by unconscious mental processes. Tracking psychodynamics helps to lift the veil of the patient's deep "requests", and also regulates the course of therapy. The formation of psychodynamic processes depends on various factors: the patient's medical history, the true desire to be cured, and, of course, on the personality structure.

The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations is correlated with birth trauma in patients with postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder

Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) is a severe mental disorder worldwide. In recent years, some studies have reported that PP-PTSD stems from birth trauma. The present study was dedicated in finding ways to predict the occurrence of emergency caesarean section (ECS), trying to analyze the methods to reduce incidence of PP-PTSD on this basis, further exploring the neuroimaging changes in PP-PTSD. A total of 245 primiparas with intention of vaginal delivery were recruited. The internal tocodynamometry measurement was performed during labor for all mothers, and respectively taken at 3–5 cm, 5–8 cm, and 8–10 cm of cervical dilation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Binary logistic regression analyses were also performed to identify fetal head descending thrust that might help in the prediction of ECS. Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with PP-PTSD of 245 mothers, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) technology was used to observe the spontaneous neural activity of all PP-PTSD patients and correlation analyses were performed. We found that the natural delivery rate of mothers with fetal head descending thrust <16.29 N (5–8 cm), 26.36 N (8–10 cm) were respectively lower than other mothers with fetal head descending thrust ≥16.29 N (5–8 cm), 26.36 N (8–10 cm) (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of thrust (5–8 cm) was 0.896 (95% CI: 0.854–0.938, p < 0.001), AUC of thrust(8–10 cm) was 0.786 (95% CI: 0.714–0.858, p < 0.001), which showed strong potential for predicting ECS. In addition, the Binary logistic regression analysis showed thrust (5-8 cm) and thrust (8–10 cm) were independent correlates of ECS. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) results indicated that PP-PTSD group showed decreased ALFF in the bilateral insula cortex (IC), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and left midcingulate cortex (MCC) compared with healthy postpartum women (HPW) (false discovery rate (FDR) correction q-value < 0.05). The ALFF value of the right ACC was positively correlated with the Perinatal Post-traumatic stress disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) score (r = 0.4046 p = 0.0403) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL–C) score (r = 0.3909 p = 0.0483). The internal tocodynamometry measurement can serve as a predictive tool for ECS, on this basis, the implementation of effective emotional support may help to reduce the incidence of PP-PTSD. Besides, this study has verified the presence of altered ALFF in the brain regions of PP-PTSD patients, mainly involving the bilateral IC, right ACC, and left MCC, that might be associated with emotion, cognition, and memory disorders functions in PP-PTSD patients.

Alcohol and Cannabis Use by Adolescents with Special Educational Needs: A Systematic Review Focused on Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Aim: As most substance use prevention programs are offered at school, it is important to explore which group of students might be at increased risk. Both researchers and educators have often maintained that students with special educational needs due to emotional and behavioral disorders (SENs-EBD) are particularly vulnerable. Hence, the aim of the current systematic review was to examine the alcohol and cannabis use by students with SENs-EBD in comparison to students without SENs or other types of SENs. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, the review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023375799) and search terms were entered in Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, and PubMed in December 2022. Publications were required to report on empirical quantitative studies (primary data) that assessed alcohol and/or cannabis use by adolescent students with SENs-EBD and a comparison group, and be published in English-language journal articles, conference papers, or book chapters from 2000 onwards. The QuADS tool was used for quality assessment. Results: Based on these criteria, six articles (sample sizes N = 61 to N = 122,180) were included for the thematic narrative synthesis. The studies revealed that the percentage of students with SENs-EBD consuming alcohol and cannabis was higher compared to students who did not have SENs or attended mainstream schools. Conclusion: The small number of heterogeneous studies, with limitations concerning the sample size, missing effect sizes, and influence of control variables, demonstrates the need for more research. The systematic review provides guidance for such future research endeavors, as well as preliminary notions for practical implications.