Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research Articles

Dual rotor single- stator axial air gap PMSM motor/generator drive for high torque vehicles applications

The actual e – continuously variable transmission (e-CVT) solution for the parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) requires two electric machines, two inverters, and a planetary gear. A distinct electric generator and a propulsion electric motor, both with full power converters, are typical for a series HEV. In an effort to simplify the planetary-geared e-CVT for the parallel HEV or the series HEV we hereby propose to replace the basically two electric machines and their two power converters by a single, axial-air-gap, electric machine central stator, fed from a single PWM converter with dual frequency voltage output and two independent PM rotors, destined for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and military vehicles applications. The proposed topologies and the magneto-motive force analysis are the core of the paper.

A neurofuzzy-controlled power management strategy for a series hybrid electric vehicle

This paper focuses on the design of the power management strategy as the key factor in improving the performance in terms of the efficiency, the range and the fuel consumption for a small-scale series hybrid electric vehicle. A complex hybrid vehicle system is considered, and a practically realisable and traceable neurofuzzy strategy for improving the vehicle efficiency is introduced. The method results in extending the vehicle’s range while deciding when to switch the internal-combustion engine on or off as a function of the state of charge of the battery and the electrical power produced from the generator. Consequently, the speed of the internal-combustion engine (i.e. the current produced) is determined as a function of the driving conditions. Suitable tests were performed in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy; the verification tests were carried out using a consolidated model which also includes real-world experimental vehicle data. The results show that, by using the proposed power management strategy, a good compromise between the efficiency, the range and the fuel consumption can be obtained in many practically useful driving conditions.

Modeling and Control Strategy of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The modeling method and control strategy for series hybrid electric vehicles were presented in this paper. Firstly, the system structure and operation principles are discussed systematically; and then a control strategy is proposed based on the modeling of powertrain. Control strategy focus on the multi-modes switch logic and power distribution. In the last part of this paper, the simulation made in MATLAB/Simulink was introduced, which results indicate that the model and control strategy are correct.

10805 bio EV : (バイオディーゼルで発電して走る電気自動車)における負荷時ディーゼル発電特性

10805 bio EV : (バイオディーゼルで発電して走る電気自動車)における負荷時ディーゼル発電特性

10806 bio EV : (バイオディーゼルで発電して走る電気自動車)における植物燃料温度の検討

10806 bio EV : (バイオディーゼルで発電して走る電気自動車)における植物燃料温度の検討

10804 bio EV : バイオディーゼルで発電して走る電気自動車における各種燃料の比較検討

10804 bio EV : バイオディーゼルで発電して走る電気自動車における各種燃料の比較検討

Study on Co-Simulation and Experiment of a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle and its controller are more complicated than conventional vehicle,even a series or parallel hybrid electric vehicle. The HEV test platform is built up to get the engine fuel consumption map.The model of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle is established on the platform of the professional simulation software CRUISE,and the controller of the HEV is builded on MATLAB/Simulink.In the end,the results of co-simulation and vehicle experiment verify the validity and feasibility of this method.

Efficiency analysis of a continuously variable transmission with linear control for a series hybrid electric vehicle

This paper investigates the performance of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) using an intuitive control in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) of a series architecture under varying driving conditions. The detailed dynamic vehicle simulation model employed in this study enables an in-depth evaluation of the CVT as compared to a fixed transmission (FT) that utilises a fixed final drive ratio between the motor and wheels. The investigation uses three distinct driving cycles to show that the CVT offers reduction in motor energy consumption of up to 9.38%. Also, the particular impacts of the transmission systems are understood by analysing the energy flows from the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM).

Analysis and Experimental Verification of a Fault-Tolerant HEV Powertrain

This paper presents a fault-tolerant powertrain topology for series hybrid electric vehicles (SHEVs). The introduction of a redundant phase-leg that is shared by three converters in a standard SHEV powertrain allows us to maximize the reliability improvement with minimal part-count increase. Therefore, the cost increase is kept to minimum as well. The new topology features fast response in fault detection and isolation, and postfault operation at rated power throughput. Two implementations of the fault-tolerant design are presented in conjunction with elaborated discussion of the operating principles, control schemes, and fault diagnostic methods. The substantially improved reliability over standard SHEV powertrains is demonstrated by analysis of the Markov reliability model. Time-domain simulation based on a Saber model has been conducted and the results have verified the feasibility and performance of the proposed SHEV drive system. A scaled-down laboratory prototype has been built and the experimental results further validate the robust fault detection/isolation scheme and uncompromised postfault performance.

Power Smoothing Energy Management and Its Application to a Series Hybrid Powertrain

Energy management strategies in hybrid electric vehicles determine how much energy is produced/stored/used in each powertrain component. We propose an approach for energy management applied to a series hybrid electric vehicle that aims at improving the powertrain efficiency rather than the total fuel consumption. Since in the series configuration the engine is mechanically decoupled from the traction wheels, for a given power request the steady-state engine operating point is chosen to maximize the efficiency. A control algorithm regulates the transitions between different operating points by using the battery to smoothen the engine transients, thereby improving efficiency. Because of the constrained nature of the transient-smoothing problem, we implement the control algorithm by model predictive control. The control strategy feedback law is synthesized and integrated with the powertrain control software in the engine control unit. Simulations of the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and US06 cycles using a complete vehicle system model and experimental tests of the UDDS cycle show improved fuel economy with respect to baseline strategies.

Experimental Study of Fuzzy PI Controller of HEV DC/DC Converter

This paper aims to improve the control performance of series HEV, and mainly conducts the study of the basic components of the control systems bidirectional DC/DC converter and motor drive circuit--the buck chopper and boost chopper. Also, this paper constructs a hardware platform and designs the fuzzy self-tuning PI controller. Through the comparative experiments of PI control and fuzzy PI control, it has been verified that the fuzzy PI controller has better control effect.

Acceleration Control for a Plug-in Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Acceleration control using fuzzy logic is investigated in this paper for a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle in order to improve the vehicle response to drivers demand. The transient process of acceleration is mainly considered in this research. Fuzzy logic is used for motor transient torque control according to drivers input and vehicle velocity, outputting a regulatory factor to increase motor torque transiently when drivers acceleration pedal is pushed down deeply and to reduce the torque increment when acceleration process is close to over. Performance of fuzzy control is tested by MATLAB simulation. Simulation results indicate that the presented fuzzy algorithm is feasible and effective for improving vehicle acceleration ability without damaging stable velocity control characteristic; in simulation, vehicle acceleration time of 0-100km/h has been reduced by 2.4 seconds.

English

This paper presents a detailed derivation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which may be used as the electric power train for the simulation of a hybrid electric vehicle. A torque tracking control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is developed by using an adaptive proportional-integral-derivative controller. Several tests such as step function, saw tooth function, sine wave function and square wave function were used in order to examine the performance of the proposed control structure. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was verified and compared with the same system under a PID controller and the desired control. The result of the observations shows that the proposed control structure proves to be effective in tracking the desired torque with a good response. The findings of this study will be considered in the design, optimisation and experimentation of series hybrid electric vehicle.

Active-charging based powertrain control in series hybrid electric vehicles for efficiency improvement and battery lifetime extension

This paper presents a powertrain control strategy for a series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) based on the integrated design of an active charging scenario and fixed-boundary-layer sliding mode controllers (FBLSMCs). An optimized charging curve for the battery is predetermined rather than subject to engine output and vehicle power demand, which is a total inverse of normal SHEV powertrain control process. This is aimed to remove surge and high-frequency charge current, keep the battery staying in a high state-of-charge (SOC) region and avoid persistently-high charge power, which are positive factors to battery lifetime extension. Then two robust chattering-free FBLSMCs are designed to locate the engine operation in the optimal efficiency area. One is in charge of engine speed control, and the other is for engine/generator torque control. Consequently, not only fuel economy is improved but also battery life expectancy could be extended. Finally, simulation and experimental results confirm the validity and application feasibility of the proposed strategy.

Control Information and Data Processing of Vehicle based on Global Position System

A testing system based on Data Stream function of vehicle electronic control system was developed to test the city bus driving cycle. A mufti-function Vehicle Traveling Data Recorder based on GPS which can realize the vehicles positioning and navigating was investigated. The system included data acquisition module, display module, print module, GPS module, communication module and so on. This system adopts the FRAM memory as the storing equipment in which the automobile realized the real-time data store. It could realize the real-time data transmission of automobile and remote controlling by M22 GPRS module which includes TCP/IP. Optimizing of Muti-Energy power train control strategy was the key technical of Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Three kind structure of HEV and their control strategy were investigated, Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle, and PSHEV. Considering about driving cycle of CYC_NEDC and CYC_HWFET, three control strategies such as Electric Assistant Control, Simulation and experiment evaluation for regenerative braking of hybrid electric vehicle was investigated. The test result shows that the regenerative current in the road test and dynamometer test had little difference. The result shows that fuel consumption value got by the chassis dynamometer test evaluation method was closer to the value got by outdoor road test method.

Well to wheels energy and emissions analysis of a recycled 1974 VW Super Beetle converted into a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle

Abstract The low emission and high fuel economy standards set by regulatory agencies are causing an increase in the number of electrified (hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric) vehicles reaching the marketplace. In order for students to obtain a better understanding of the architecture of these vehicles, a 1974 Volkswagen Super Beetle was converted into a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle with a generator that runs on used canola oil biodiesel. Moreover, this vehicle is connected to a solar photovoltaic charging station for a comparison of recharging on or off the electrical grid. To analyze this recycling of a vehicle including renewable energy sources requires a life cycle energy and emissions analysis (LCA). To this end, this effort utilizes the Argonne National Laboratory Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. Moreover, a Matlab-based vehicle dynamics simulation coupled to GREET provides a localized driving cycle examination in the LCA. The resulting outcomes presented include the reduction in energy use and emissions through recycling and component reuse for a vehicle. In addition, on-road testing with model validation demonstrates fuel savings using a more efficient vehicle over the baseline design. Finally, this effort documents improvements in the sustainability of the vehicle by incorporating solar energy for charging.

동적 계획법을 이용한 직렬형 및 병렬형 하이브리드 버스 시스템 연비 비교

There are lots of studies about hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) because of the global warming and energy problems. Series and parallel HEVs are the common types of many developing hybrid vehicle types. Series HEV uses engine only as the generator for the battery but parallel HEV utilizes engine for driving and generating of the vehicle. In this paper, backward simulations based on dynamic programming were conducted for the fuel economy analysis of two different types of hybrid transit buses depending on driving cycles. It is shown that there is a relation between the type of HEV and the characteristics of driving cycles. Regarding the aggressiveness, the series hybrid bus is more efficient than the parallel system on highly aggressive driving cycle. On the other hand, the parallel hybrid bus is more efficient than the series system on low aggressive driving cycle. Based on this results of the paper, it is expected to choose more efficient type of the hybrid buses according to the driving cycle.

Analysis and Experimental Implementation of a Heuristic Strategy for Onboard Energy Management of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle

This paper focuses on the simulation analysis and the experimental implementation of a Rule-Based (RB) control strategy for on-board energy management of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV), consisting in a series hybrid electric vehicle assisted by photovoltaic panels. The RB strategy consists of two tasks: one external, which determines the final battery State of Charge (SOC) to be reached at the end of the driving schedule to allow full exploitation of solar energy during parking phase; the other internal, whose aim is to define the optimal Electric Generator (ICE-EG) power trajectory and SOC oscillation around the final value. This control strategy has been implemented in a real time NI<sup>®<sup/> cRIO control unit, thus allowing to perform experimental tests for energy management validation on a real HSV prototype developed at the University of Salerno.

Battery power management in heavy-duty HEVs based on the estimated critical surface charge

This paper proposes a battery power management strategy using Critical Surface Charge (CSC) information estimated by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in real time. The insight from CSC characterisation is used to propose a novel approach for supervisory control design of a series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The underlying phenomenon determining the battery allowable power limits is closely connected to the CSC. The estimated CSC is processed with a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter to smoothen short-term fluctuations and highlight longer-term trajectories. The battery allowable power limits are adjusted based on the filtered CSC information to prevent undesirable battery operations.

Rotary compact power pack for series hybrid electric vehicle

This paper presents a new–designed compact power pack for a series hybrid vehicle. A new type of rotary induction machine with an outer rotor construction is designed to be coupled with the novel rotary internal combustion engine (ICE) with cylindrical crankcase in order to form the compact power unit. The starting and generation performance of the designed machine as well as the overall vehicle performance is analysed. Results show that the proposed power pack has the best performance in terms of fuel economy, emissions and battery charging compared to the existing power units in ADVISOR. Over a city cycle, fuel economy is increased by up to 47% with emissions reduced by up to 36% and over the highway cycle, fuel economy is increased by up to 69% with emissions reduced by up to 42%.