Serial Communication Research Articles

Design of electrical cabinet wire cutting machine based on STM32

Abstract The wire in the electric cabinet is one of the keys to ensuring the normal operation of the electric cabinet. In order to improve the production efficiency of wire cutting, this project designed a wire-cutting machine for an electrical cabinet, which could recognize the CSV table file of the electrical cabinet wiring list on a U disk and cut wires of different lengths and quantities according to the order in the file. The main control chip of the device uses STM32 single chip microcomputer (STM32F103C8T6) and CH376S module to realize the function of reading CSV file on U disk through serial communication. In terms of control, the device adopts a proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm to achieve accurate control of the JGB37-520 gear motor and TD-8120MG steering gear and then realizes wire feeding, wire stripping, cutting, and other functions. The experimental results show that the average relative error of length is about 0.5%, and the error is within a reasonable range.

An FPGA-Based signal acquisition system for 3D holographic azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity logging instruments

Abstract A signal acquisition system of a 3D holographic azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity logging instrument while drilling is designed based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The azimuth electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument is mainly composed of transmitting coils, receiving coils, and control circuits. The signal acquisition system mainly includes the receiving coil and corresponding signal acquisition and processing circuit. First of all, the whole structure of the electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument system while drilling is briefly introduced, and then each function module of the acquisition board is elaborated in detail, and the hardware realization of the signal acquisition module and the corresponding FPGA program design flow chart are given. The acquisition system makes full use of the structured design of the module and First input First output (FIFO) cache technology and can complete the functions of signal acquisition, data transmission, and control on the acquisition board in real-time by using Serial Communication Interface (SCI) information transmission interface. The simulation results show that the system can realize the function of data acquisition and processing well.

Cost-effective, open-source light shutters with Arduino control

In optical experiments, shutters are devices that open or close a path of light. They are often used to limit the duration of light exposure onto a target or onto a detector to reduce possible light-induced damage. Many commercial shutters are available for different applications – some provide very fast opening and closing times, some can handle large optical powers, and others allow for fail-safe operation. Many of these devices are costly and offer limited control options. Here we provide an open-source design for a low-cost, general purpose shutter system based on ubiquitous actuators (servo motors or solenoids) that are connected to an Arduino-based controller. Several shutters can be controlled by one controller, further reducing system cost. The state of the shutters can be controlled via a display built into the controller, by serial commands via USB, or by electrical control lines. The use of a microcontroller makes the shutter controller adaptable – only control options that are used need to be included, and the design accommodates a selection of display and actuator options. We provide designs for all required components, including 3D print files for the actuator holders and cases, the Arduino code, libraries for serial communication (C and python), and example graphical user interfaces for testing.

RANCANG BANGUN PENGENDALI LAMPU DENGAN KOMUNIKASI SERIAL BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER PIC16F877 DAN 16F876 MELALUI JARINGAN LISTRIK RUMAH

Serial data transmission can be applied by the use of the grid as a carrier is one alternative that has some advantages, such as reducing the use of cables In this design project created a special application of serial data communication via the electricity network that uses circuit PIC16F877di Microcontroller Master controller as the main controller to control ON / OFF to 5 pieces Slave controller circuit using the PIC16F876 microcontroller to control the lights as the electrical load. Research conducted using a modulation method Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) as modulator and demodulator, also using a series transformer coupling and high pass filter circuit. The main component Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) the Integrated Circuit (IC) XR2206 as a Modulator and Demodulator IC XR2211 as, as well as using a passive filter that serves to pass a predetermined frequency is 70KHz - 80KHz. The frequency value to be achieved by calculating the value of an external capacitor and resistor. The results of the calculations at the design stage modulator, with a value of C = 10nF obtained value R1 = 1428Ω, R2 = 1250Ω. Keywords: PIC16F877, PIC16F876, XR2206, XR2211

Development of Visual System for Flight Simulation Training Device

The complexity of avionics systems and aircraft equipment is increasing day by day. To operate the avionics equipment, rigorous training is required. The training of pilots to handle these advanced equipment is quite costly. To address this issue a novel flight simulation training device is proposed in this paper. The proposed flight simulator can train the pilot on the ground. The development of visual system for Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) is discussed in detail in this paper. The visual system for FSTD is designed using DAQ cards, multifunctional displays, serial communication interface, pilot controls and commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) controller. This proposed system displays various flight parameters. OpenGL is used to create graphics pages to display flight parameters. DAQ cards were utilizedto connect the analog and digital signals of cockpit to the FSTD’s visual system. A visual system was used in development of actual FSTD by assimilating symbols developed in OpenGL and creating typical pages for simultaneous display on four display surfaces.

Monitoring dan Kontrol Suhu Berbasis Arduino dan ESP8266 Melalui Web Server

This study describes the use of Arduino and ESP8266 to control temperature through a web server. Arduino serves as the brain of the system that collects temperature and humidity data from sensors and controls the temperature device, while the ESP8266 acts as a link to the WiFi network and web server. This system allows users to monitor temperature conditions in real-time through a web interface. Temperature and humidity data collected by Arduino is sent to ESP8266 via serial communication, then ESP8266 uses WiFi connection to send data to web server. The web server provides a user interface that allows users to view temperature and humidity data and remotely control temperature devices. Users can send commands via the web server to activate or deactivate the temperature device as needed. The advantages of using Arduino and ESP8266 are the flexibility and connectivity offered. Arduino provides a programming environment that is easy to use and can be configured according to application needs. The ESP8266 allows a WiFi connection which allows control over a local network or the internet. In this study, the system developed was successful in efficiently controlling the temperature through a web server. Real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity data, and remote control of temperature devices. The use of Arduino and ESP8266 in temperature control via a web server opens up the potential for smart and efficient solutions in managing temperature by utilizing IoT technology.

Design of FPGA-based data acquisition system for nanoparticle counting

Abstract As one of the effective means to monitor the environment, the number of particles in the air is gradually developing towards smaller nanoparticles. To improve the acquisition speed of nanoparticle signals and the count of the number of particle signals, this paper adopts the FPGA of Altera as the main control chip, combined with the high-speed ADC AD9280. The sampling of the particle pulse signal is realized, and the collected data is transmitted to the host computer through serial communication. Through the designed peak detection algorithm, the algorithm is hardware accelerated to realize real-time continuous processing of particle signal, calculate the number of peaks, and then get the number of particles. In this paper, the hardware circuit and FPGA logic design of the system are described, and the acquisition system is tested. The results show that the system can meet the requirements.

Design and Development of UART Protocol Using Verilog with UVM Testbench

This paper's primary goal is to use Verilog (V) to design and validate a full duplex UART module. The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, or UART, is a two-way transmission channel that not only significantly increases the efficiency of information transfer between computers and external devices but also guarantees information accuracy and consistency through the use of baud rate settings, the elimination of metastable state, and other techniques. In this work, the definition and operation of UART are well understood, and the UART is constructed using the Verilog HDL language, EDA simulation, picture, and data. The findings of the experiment demonstrate that this module's sending and receiving module functions well and satisfies the specifications of full-duplex serial communication equipment. Without a doubt, the layout of this paper has made the fundamental working concept of UART more clearly explained, which will aid in its future. Key Words:- UART, EDA , BRG, IC, DUT, UVM

Design and Implementation of Verilog Based High Speed Low Power UART

The most crucial component of serial communication is a microcircuit called a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). Receive-transmitter asynchronous technology is known as UART, and it is widely used for device-to-device communication protocols. Using asynchronous serial communication at a speed that can be adjusted. A hardware communication technique called UART Asynchronous conditions occur when the output of the transmitting device and the receiving end are not in sync with a clock. In UART, receiving a signal is known as RxD, and transmitting a signal is known as TxD. In comparison to the existing conventional UART design, we were able to reduce delay by 29% and power usage by 33% using our approach. The effectiveness of the novel UART design is noticed with the reduction in delay and power consumption. Synthesis and simulation are done in Xilinx ISE and Modelsim and Verilog HDL is used to implement a unique UART design.

A Review on Design and Verification of Programmable UART with AXI

A Review on Design and Verification of Programmable UART with AXI

Smart AI Powered Auto Bill generation using Deep Learning and IOT

[1]. Smart shopping cart: In [1] this paper the author designed system for shopping mall. The system is placed in the trolleys. It consists of RFID reader and each product has RFID tag. The billing is done in smart trolley itself. Product name and its price display on LCD screen. At the cash counter the total bill relocated to Personal Computer by wireless Radio Frequency module. The disadvantage of this scheme is after completion of shopping, a key is pressed indicating the final promoting amount of the entire item, and we can’t add or remove the products. [2]. Innovative shopping cart:In [2] this paper the author designed system for shopping mall. In this paper they developed a smart way for shopping. In every item has RFID tag in its place of barcode scanner. The smart trolley involves of RFID reader LCD screen and ZigBee transmitter. The sum total cost of all the products will be added to the final bill, which will be kept in the microcontroller memory. Drawback of the system is in ZigBee there is distance barrier is occurred. [3]. Smart trolley using Arduino: In [3], this paper the author invented such a system it consists of RFID, ARM7, Display, Power supply, Switch, IR sensor pair, Barcode reader Visual Basics. The system works as the inventor use the barcode reader as well as RFID. And our shopping is done through the serial communication we transferred the total bill to the counter for printing the hardcopy of the product bill. There is also facility for the payment is credit card or any other. The drawback of the system is their uses both the reader RFID and Barcode Reader because of that the system becomes more multifaceted. [4]. RFID based advanced shopping trolley for super market: In this paper the author found such a system it consists of GSM, RFID, Automatic Billing, OTP, ZIGBEE, and PIC. In this scheme, the item can be read by the reader and the total of the Item is showed on the LED screen they categorized this paper because they added some additional features in the existing system like in this system the product weight and the name shown on display if item weight is less than stored weight then buzzer will beep.

喷杆倾角控制系统的设计与实验

During field operations of the spray boom sprayer, the distance between the ends of the spray boom and the height of the crop canopy affects the uniformity of spraying, requiring operators to manually adjust the spray boom to be parallel to the crop canopy, which impacts operational efficiency. This study presents the design of a boom tilt control system, consisting of a main control node, distance measurement node, vehicle tilt detection node, and spray boom tilt control node. The bus communication protocol for the spray boom tilt control system is defined according to the ISO11783 standard, and a serial communication network is designed, along with the development of a real-time dynamic monitoring interface for the spray boom. The system automatically monitors the height of the boom and the tilt of the vehicle, makes decisions based on the detection information, controls the electric actuator, and adjusts the tilt of the boom. Leveraging the advantages of fast computing speed and user-friendly human-machine interface of the PC, as well as the high cost-effectiveness and small size of the microcontroller, and the multi-master-slave structure of the CAN bus, this system can complete data acquisition, processing, and other functions required for spray boom tilt control, achieving automatic adjustment of spray boom tilt. This enhances spray uniformity and operational efficiency of the sprayer, while reducing the workload of operators.

Blockchain Technology: Transforming IoT and Finance with Privacy and Security Considerations

A Block chain, is a growing list of information, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography. A Block chain is a decentralized, distributed and a public digital ledger that is used to record transactions across many devices so that any involved record cannot be changed easily, without modifying all subsequent blocks, because of this, Block chain has found its use in wide-ranging fields. This system, therefore, describes the role of Block chain in IoT and financial applications, two fields which will be benefitted the most by it. Furthermore, this paper examines the privacy and security concerns related to it and shares some insights on how these problems can be tackled. In this paper, we have reviewed multiple such papers in which similar issues were addressed. Lastly, the public perception of block chain technology is taken to addresses how block chain is perceived in different segments of society Keywords—framework; block chain; Scalable paymentVerification; Cryptographic hash function; Serial Communication; Transaction data.

LPG CYLINDER AUTO FILLING AND GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION

The project "LPG Cylinder Auto Filling and Gas Leakage Detection" integrates IoT technology for automating the LPG cylinder filling process and detecting gas leakages. The system utilizes a Load Cell connected to a Node MCU to measure the weight of the cylinder. Concurrently, a gas sensor interfaced with an Arduino board detects any gas leakages. Through serial communication between the Node MCU and Arduino, the weight data from the Load Cell is transmitted to the Arduino, which then displays both the weight information and gas leakage status on an LCD display. Additionally, a Python installed PC is employed to facilitate email notifications. Upon detecting a gas leak or a decrease in weight, the Arduino sends this information to the Python PC via serial communication. Subsequently, email alerts are generated and sent to the designated recipients, notifying them of the detected gas leakage and the need for refilling the cylinder. Moreover, in case of a gas leak, the system activates a pump to initiate the refilling process. Through this integrated approach, the project aims to enhance safety and efficiency in LPG cylinder management. Keywords : Node MCU, Arduino UNO, Gas sensor, Load cell, Python installed PC, Buzzer, Relay, DC Motor.

Enhancing Fused Deposition Modeling Precision with Serial Communication-Driven Closed-Loop Control and Image Analysis for Fault Diagnosis-Correction.

Additive manufacturing (AM) also commonly known as 3D printing is an advanced technique for manufacturing complex three-dimensional (3D) parts by depositing raw material layer by layer. Various sub-categories of additive manufacturing exist including directed energy deposition (DED), powder bed fusion (PBF), and fused deposition modeling (FDM). FDM has gained widespread adoption as a popular method for manufacturing 3D parts, even for heavy-duty industrial applications. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding part quality. Print parameters such as print speed, nozzle temperature, and flow rate can significantly impact the final product's quality. To address this, implementing a closed-loop quality control system is essential. This system consistently monitors part surface quality during printing and adjusts print parameters upon defect detection. In this study, we propose a simple yet effective image analysis-based closed-loop control system, utilizing serial communication and Python v3.12, a widely accessible software platform. The system's accuracy and robustness are evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in ensuring FDM-printed part quality. Notably, this control system offers superior speed in restoring part quality to normal upon defect detection and is easily implementable on commercially available FDM 3D printers, fostering decentralized quality manufacturing.

Human–machine interaction and implementation on the upper extremities of a humanoid robot

Estimation and tracking the various joints of the human body in a dynamic environment plays a crucial role and it is a challenging task. Based on human–machine interaction, in the current research work the authors attempted to explore the real-time positioning of a humanoid arm using a human pose estimation framework. Kinect depth sensor and media pipe framework are used to obtain the three-dimensional position information of human skeleton joints. Further, the obtained joint coordinates are used to calculate the joint angles using the inverse kinematics approach. These joint angles are helpful in controlling the movement of the neck, shoulder, and elbow of a humanoid robot by using Python-Arduino serial communication. Finally, a comparison study was conducted between the Kinect, MediaPipe, and real-time robots while obtaining the joint angles. It has been found that the obtained result from the MediaPipe framework yields a minimum standard error compared to Kinect-based joint angles.

Design of ultra-efficient and automatically temperature-variable cycle (TVC) Sieverts apparatus for testing sorption properties of hydrogen storage materials

The evaluation of hydrogen sorption properties in materials is crucial for their widespread applications. However, existing volumetric apparatuses often suffer from low accuracy and efficiency due to inadequate calibration techniques, temperature gradients, and limited automation. To address these limitations, a Temperature-Variable Cycle (TVC) Sieverts apparatus has been developed. Besides conventional tests, the device is capable of efficiently performing TVC tests, such as TVC Pressure-Composition-Temperature (PCT) isotherm and kinetics, through the integration of RS485 serial communication and automatic dosing techniques. The instrument's component selection and configuration were described in detail. Furthermore, novel methods for volume calibration and anti-thermal gradient were presented, where a continuous function was proposed to overcome temperature gradients across the entire range of test temperatures. Finally, a series of tests were conducted using La0.5Ce0.5Ni4Co alloy and Mg material as benchmark materials to validate the setup and methods. The accuracy of volumes and the feasibility of the methods were confirmed through null PCT tests and data comparisons of PCT with kinetic of La0.5Ce0.5Ni4Co alloy, respectively. By employing these methods, the accuracy of null tests is improved by nearly tenfold. The efficiency and robustness of the unit were demonstrated through Temperature-Programmed Desorption/Absorption (TPD/TPA), TVC PCT, and TVC kinetics tests on MgH2 powder. The results produced by the TVC system align well with the reliable data in literature.

Enhancing IOT Connectivity: Leveraging Modern Web Development with Serial Port Communication

Enhancing IOT Connectivity: Leveraging Modern Web Development with Serial Port Communication

Design and Implementation of Sensored Brushless DC Motor Control Using dsPIC30F4012 for CW/CCW Bidirectional Rotation

This paper presents the development of BLDC (Brushless DC) motor control based on dsPIC30F4012. The system is designed to control motor rotation in clockwise (CW) and counter clockwise (CCW) directions. There are 3 input pins used to facilitate the control interface, namely ground (GND) pin, control (CTRL) pin and enable (EN) pin. An analog input was assigned as command input for rotation in CW/CCW direction. The CTRL pin input has full-scale of analog input that comprises of three regions, namely CCW rotation input (0V~2.4V), CW rotation input (2.6V~5V), and neutral input (2.5±0.1)V as the deadband. The commutation sequences of six steps for direction of motor rotation, while P-I (Proportional-Integral) controller is used to control the motor current. The control law and commutation sequences are implemented in single chip dsPIC30F4012 microcontroller. To verify the system performance, we test the system implementation to drive BLDC motor and measured current are sent to the host PC through serial communication. From the experimental results it is shown that the realizing P-I controller is good performance in small frequency where the bldc motor current can follow the input commands. The bandwidth of motor control to characterize the performance of designed system is also presented.

The Monitoring System of Soil PH Factor Using IoT-Webserver-Android and Machine Learning: A Case Study

In Indonesia, the agriculture industry has been more reluctant than other sectors to adopt IoT, IT, and AI technology. Utilizing this technology will enable precision agriculture. This research aims to make and implement an IoT-Webserver-Android and Machine Learning-based soil PH factor monitoring tool system. The steps for making the tool system are divided into three subsystems. The first is a multiple sensors data acquisition subsystem, consisting of sensors for soil PH-Moisture, Temperature-Humidity, and Sunlight. The sensors are connected to the Arduino Uno microcontroller for serial communication with the ESP 8266 microcontroller for the Wi-Fi module. The second part is the monitoring subsystem with the local web application, which contains a MySQL database and a local web page. The third part is the monitoring subsystem with the Android application, which includes a real-time Firebase database and the application for real-time and mobile data display. The results have been implemented and display the expected outcomes. It is clear from the performance of the three subsystems. The outcomes of the tool system's data evaluation provide precise statistical values. Then, Machine Learning analysis generates accurate soil PH prediction models. It has been demonstrated that the monitoring system is applicable and has a favorable impact on data soil PH factor. The implication for the future is that this monitoring system should be added with Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium sensors to measure soil nutrients. Also, the system added edge-analysis to be integrated in monitoring and analyzing soil nutrients.