Separation Problem Research Articles

IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUALIZATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES IN HIGH SCHOOL

The article examines the system and approaches of individualization and differentiation in the process of learning a foreign language in higher education. Determined factors that affect their functioning in the process of working in classes. Separate problems and ways to overcome them are analyzed. Certain opportunities for creating favorable conditions for the development of the creative potential of an individual, development of his thinking and understanding of the ultimate goal and task of learning a foreign language have been identified. Methods and techniques for increasing students’ cognitive activity in classes and strengthening their motivation are illustrated. The article examines the views of scientists N.P. Volkova, G.R. Havryshchak, O.M. Shparyk on individualization and differentiation as dominant and organic components of the educational process. Various approaches to the concepts of differentiation and individualization, as well as concepts related to them, are summarized. The works of these scientists became the theoretical and methodological basis of the conducted research. These principles help to find effective means for teaching a foreign language and learning it effectively. We must not forget that in higher education, the main influence on a student is his mood, curiosity, drive, concentration, surprise. The ability to stimulate the mental states we desire requires a process of individualization and differentiation of each student. A unique approach should be the whole system of education and training of the individual. This article describes the technology of implementing the abovementioned principles in English language classes in higher education. The use of internal differentiation for working in groups and the cluster method for strengthening the cognitive development of each individual when learning a foreign language in higher education are illustrated. The problem of a wide range of possibilities of these principles in the conditions of changes in the system of social relationships, rules of student behavior in the new realities of life is raised. Emphasis is placed on the importance of new requirements for the education system: flexibility, adaptability, feedback, quick response to changes in the social environment, cooperation with psychologists. Considered possible means of organizing students’ work in groups and individually, determined prospects for further research in this direction.

Simultaneous Multi-View Object Recognition and Grasping in Open-Ended Domains

To aid humans in everyday tasks, robots need to know which objects exist in the scene, where they are, and how to grasp and manipulate them in different situations. Therefore, object recognition and grasping are two key functionalities for autonomous robots. Most state-of-the-art approaches treat object recognition and grasping as two separate problems, even though both use visual input. Furthermore, the knowledge of the robot is fixed after the training phase. In such cases, if the robot encounters new object categories, it must be retrained to incorporate new information without catastrophic forgetting. To resolve this problem, we propose a deep learning architecture with an augmented memory capacity to handle open-ended object recognition and grasping simultaneously. In particular, our approach takes multi-views of an object as input and jointly estimates pixel-wise grasp configuration as well as a deep scale- and rotation-invariant representation as output. The obtained representation is then used for open-ended object recognition through a meta-active learning technique. We demonstrate the ability of our approach to grasp never-seen-before objects and to rapidly learn new object categories using very few examples on-site in both simulation and real-world settings. Our approach empowers a robot to acquire knowledge about new object categories using, on average, less than five instances per category and achieve 95%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$95\\%$$\\end{document} object recognition accuracy and above 91%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$91\\%$$\\end{document} grasp success rate on (highly) cluttered scenarios in both simulation and real-robot experiments. A video of these experiments is available online at: https://youtu.be/n9SMpuEkOgk

Separate problems of detecting the illegal sale of narcotics

The scientific article examines issues related to identifying the problems of detecting the illegal sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors. A number of problems related to the detection by law enforcement officers of the illegal sale of narcotic drugs have been clarified and outlined. A number of means and measures that organized criminal groups use for the possibility of illegal sale of narcotic drugs have also been established, and they have been considered.
 It has been established that drug criminals constantly improve the methods of illegal sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors, using new means and tools. This, in turn, gives rise to problems of detecting illegal drug sales.
 An inseparable part of modern organized criminal groups involved in the illegal sale of narcotic drugs is the conspiracy of illegal activities, the use of various mechanisms to ensure against direct contact with buyer during their transfer. The members of some criminal groups do not know the members of other criminal groups, but contact only those with whom they work continuously. Such organized criminal groups have an extensive and complex structure with a strict division of roles, high discipline, and hierarchy. Conspiracy, high mobility, the availability of means of communication, a significant level of organization, as well as establishing cooperation and reducing competition between other criminal groups complicates the possibilities of detecting narcotics during illegal transportation.
 It was found that a number of problems in detecting the illegal distribution of narcotic drugs depend not only on the constant ingenuity and improvement of the criminal activity of criminals, but also on the continuous updating of the knowledge of law enforcement officers about the peculiarities of such activity and their professionalism. And therefore consideration of this problem is a necessary condition for effective detection of illegal sale of narcotics.

Resolving Separation Issues with Computational Methods: What Is the Retention Time, Exactly?

Our attention is typically focused on chromatography in the laboratory, yet ultimately, a liquid chromatograph (LC) or gas chromatograph (GC) only produces a signal—a chromatogram—from which information still must be distilled. Fortunately, software tools can generally help us quite well with our contemporary data sets. However, as separation technology improves, both the challenges and the need for methods to obtain information from the data increase. In this series of articles, we will discuss different aspects of data analysis and learn how to extract different pieces of information from our chromatograms, while also understanding the assumptions and risks used to help us interpret the value of the information. We start with simple, yet important, information bits, which we will tie together in future articles. In this way, we can continue solving separation problems beyond the limits of our chromatographs. Each article contains a reference to a web tutorial where the gained knowledge and skills can be practiced and applied to a real signal.

Optimal filter assignment policy against link flooding attack

A Link Flooding (LFA) attack is a special type of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack in which the attacker sends out a huge number of requests to exhaust the capacity of a link on the path the traffic comes to a server. As a result, user traffic cannot reach the server. As a result, DoS and degradation of Quality-of-Service (QoS) occur. Because the attack traffic does not go to the victim, protecting the legitimate traffic alone is hard for the victim. The victim can protect its legitimate traffic by using a special type of router called filter router (FR). An FR can receive server filters and apply them to block a link incident to it. An FR probabilistically appends its own IP address to packets it forwards, and the victim uses that information to discover the traffic topology. By analyzing traffic rates and paths, the victim identifies some links that may be congested. The victim needs to select some of these possible congested links (PCLs) and send a filter to the corresponding FR so that legitimate traffic avoids congested paths. In this paper, we formulate two optimization problems for blocking the least number of PCLs so that the legitimate traffic goes through a non-congested path. We consider the scenario where every user has at least one non-congested shortest path in the first problem. We extend the first problem to a scenario where there are some users whose shortest paths are all congested. We transform the original problem to the vertex separation problem to find the links to block. We use a custom-built Java multi-threaded simulator and conduct extensive simulations to support our solutions.

Pertanggung Jawaban Hukum Pihak Ekspedisi Pengiriman Terhadap Barang Hilang atau Rusak

There are no clear provisions in the regulations that regulate the extent to which the delivery service is responsible for losses suffered by consumers for goods sent that are damaged or lost and the uncertainty of the obligations and fines imposed by the delivery service when it does not fulfill the promise of timely delivery becomes separate problem for consumers. This study aims to determine the accountability and efforts that can be made by consumers in the case of lost or damaged goods at PT. Tri Adi Together (Anteraja). This research is a normative juridical research using deductive thinking method. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing and library documents. This study uses a qualitative approach in analyzing the data that has been obtained: The results show (1) there are two forms of responsibility that have been carried out by PT. Tri Adi Bersama (Anteraja) in the case of lost or damaged goods, namely providing compensation to the owner of the goods and being responsible for unlawful acts committed by its employees. (2) There are efforts that can be made by consumers to demand the responsibility of PT. Tri Adi Bersama (Anteraja) for objects sent in the event of a loss, including efforts to pass the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) with arbitration, conciliation and mediation as efforts made outside of court as well as filing lawsuits, examinations and verification as efforts through legal channels.

Preparation, characterization, and performance of reactive phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone) tougheners highly compatible with epoxy resin

AbstractAiming at the problem of phase separation between thermoplastic toughener and epoxy after curing, which leads to the reduction of mechanical properties, in this paper we improve the compatibility of the two phases by introducing reactive groups into the molecular chain of thermoplastic resins, thus improving the impact strength of the epoxy system. Phenolphthalein polyether sulfone (C‐PESC) with designable and controllable carboxyl group content was prepared via SN2 nucleophilic substitution copolymerization. Further C‐PESC was evaluated for epoxy toughening, and the effects of carboxyl group content of C‐PESC on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resin system were investigated. The results show that C‐PESC resin has good compatibility with E51 epoxy resin. Carboxyl group accelerates the dissolution rate of thermoplastic resins in epoxy and also participates in the curing reaction with epoxy to enhance the interfacial bonding ability between the toughening component and the matrix resin. The reactive toughener C‐PESC can not only improve the impact properties of E51 epoxy, but also maintain the high Tg and thermal properties of the resin system. Among them, the addition of 5 PHR of C‐PESC3 increased the impact strength of the modified resin by 45%, with uniform fracture surface and tough fracture shape.

Tensor decomposition meets blind source separation

In this paper, we investigate the problem of blind source separation (BSS) through the lens of tensor decomposition (TD). Two fundamental connections between TD and BSS are established, forming the basis for two novel tensor-based BSS methods, namely TenSOFO and TCBSS. The former is designed for a joint individual differences in scaling (INDSCAL) decomposition, addressing instantaneous (linear) BSS tasks; while the latter efficiently performs a constrained block term decomposition (BTD), aligning with the design of convolutive BSS. Leveraging the benefits of the alternating direction method of multipliers and the strengths of tensor representations, both TenSOFO and TCBSS prove to be effective in BSS. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of these two proposed methods in addressing both TD and BSS tasks, particularly when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.

Problems of introducing boxing into the system of physical education in educational institutions of Ukraine: the impact on health aspect

The presented work deals with a topical issue for the educational space of modern Ukraine. Considering the fact that Ukrainian society has been facing difficulties caused by the pandemic and the invasion of enemy forces on the territory of the Motherland for several years in a row, the issue of proper physical development of society is extremely important. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the approach to physical education at all levels of education in Ukraine. The authors of this publication propose developing a program component for physical education based on the sport discipline of boxing. An extremely important aspect of this sport was analyzed - its impact on human health. Both negative and positive effects of such an influence were taken into account. It is noted that in boxing, the most significant factor of negative impact on health is the risk of injuries. Cases of upper limb and head injuries are particularly common. Repeated head trauma is a separate problem. At the same time, the positive effects of boxing on the physical fitness of people were revealed, namely, the improvement of the functional capabilities of the musculoskeletal system and the respiratory system. In conclusion, the author's team formulated and proposed key principles based on which it is possible to successfully introduce boxing into the educational environment of Ukraine. It is assumed that by following these principles, it is possible to supplement the current system of physical education in general secondary education institutions with another promising component, which in turn can have a positive effect on the physical education system in higher education institutions. Provided that this program component is systematically used in schools, it will allow the preparation of a generation of physically developed and mentally stable young people with basic self-defense skills. It is also assumed that this component will generate interest among a significant number of students in becoming athlete-boxers, which will have a positive impact on personal growth.

Nanoarchitectonics of CuO/α-Fe2O3/BiVO4 photocatalysts with double heterojunctions on PVDF membranes: Investigating sulfadiazine removal and antifouling properties

The photocatalytic membrane combines membrane separation and photocatalysis, solving the problem of photocatalyst separation and recovery. In this study, the double-heterojunctional CuO/α-Fe2O3/BiVO4 (CBF) photocatalyst was successfully prepared and could degrade 98.59 % of sulfadiazine (SD) within 20 min, exhibiting good stability and universality. The experiment results demonstrated a significant contribution of O2− and h+ in the degradation of SD by CBF, and OH generated by Fe/Cu through the Fenton-like reaction triggered by photogenerated electrons also contributed to the degradation of SD. Meanwhile, PVDF/CBF immobilized photocatalytic membrane were prepared to remove 89.18 % of SD within 60 min in static water (100 mL of reaction solution, 10 mg/L of SD concentration, 0 mL/min of influent flow rate), and 92.96 % of SD within 180 min in a flowing water reactor (150 mL of reaction solution, 10 mg/L of SD concentration, 5.1 mL/min of influent flow rate). The experimental results show that the introduction of CBF increased the degradation rate of the membrane by 10 times (kPVDF = 0.003 min−1, kPVDF/CBF = 0.034 min−1). According to the FTIR results, the introduction of CBF also brought richer hydrophilic groups (–OH), and the contact angle testing further proved that the hydrophilicity of PVDF/CBF membranes was superior to that of bare membranes. The PVDF/CBF could also remove suspended solids in water through physical interception and achieve self-cleaning through chemical degradation of adsorbed organic pollutants. This work provides an efficient, low-energy, and environmentally friendly solution for the utilization of photocatalysis in practical situations.

Гетерофазные явления при фракционировании трития в водных системах

Tritium is the only one of the radioactive isotopes that a filtering system is unable to neutralize. It is produced by collateral fission processes in nuclear reactors and displays itself in radioactive wastes and effluents in different forms of tritium oxides. Thus the development and application of nuclear energy entails a challenging problem of treating tritium-containing radioactive wastewater. The paper deals with tritium water isotopologues, namely, with prototritium water and deuterotritium water. Various approaches to the problem of tritium separation have been outlined. The choice of the appropriate process of water detritiation depends, first of all, on whether the detritiated water is recycled back to the reactor system or is discharged to the environment and on whether molecular tritium is to be extracted for further application. Special attention is paid to the process of electrosonochemical water detritiation which is shown to be the preferential one due to its ability to provide molecular tritium. Tritiated water decomposition should be preceded by its concentrating, the latter being two-stage and including water conditioning followed by providing concentrated tritiated water. Reverse-osmosis conditioning and salt rectification are considered as preferential techniques.

Seismic data filtering using deconvolutive short-time Fourier transform

Cohen class distributions are well-known time-frequency distributions that have been widely used to analyze different signals. However, they are impractical for signal filtering because they only provide amplitude spectra and suffer from cross terms. In this paper, deconvolutive short-time Fourier transform (DSTFT) is developed by estimating phase spectra and updating moduli to address residual cross terms. The DSTFT moduli is used as weights and apply a weighted least-squares technique to estimate a high-resolution and almost cross-term-free Wigner-Ville distribution. Through numerical tests, it has been found that choosing the optimal window length can minimize cross terms in short-time Fourier transform and DSTFT spectrograms. Furthermore, using thresholding or reweighting techniques can effectively eliminate weights associated with noise. The performance of our method is demonstrated using synthetic and two real seismic wavefield separation problems, including ground-roll removal in seismic shot records and polarization analysis in seismology. The results indicate the high performance of our method in estimating phase spectra and filtering seismic data.

Separable programming problem with bipolar max-T fuzzy relation equation constraints

One of the most important classes of nonlinear programming problems is separable programming problem due to its applications in theory and practice. This paper studies this class of the problems subject to a system of bipolar fuzzy relation equations using the max-T composition operator, where T is a continuous and Archimedean t-norm. Its feasible solution set structure is determined by two vectors called lower and upper bound vector of its feasible domain. It is shown that there exists an optimal solution for the problem with max-continuous and Archimedean t-norm such that its components are the corresponding components of either the lower or upper bound vector. Based on the interesting property, some sufficient conditions are proposed to detect some of its optimal components or one of its optimal solutions. These conditions can reduce the dimensions of the original problem when some its optimal components are determined. The objective function of the reduced problem is equivalently rewritten in a specific form. This form guides us to design a value matrix based on the characteristic matrix and ascending or descending of univariate functions constituting the objective function. An approach is extended on the matrix to find the optimal solution of the (reduced) problem. It is important to note that a number of problems can completely be solved using the sufficient conditions.

Exploring the Path of Cultivating College Students’ “Innovation and Entrepreneurship” Ability under the Integration of Research and Teaching

In higher education, research and teaching supplement and support each other. Under the trend of deep integration of the new round technological and industrial revolution, the transformation role of higher education in technological innovation and industrial development is becoming increasingly prominent. The integration of research and teaching is an important measure to solve the problem of separation and even contradiction between education and scientific and technological research. The dialectical and unified theoretical mechanism among education, technology, and talent can promote the integration of research and teaching from three aspects: education and teaching, technological innovation, and talent cultivation, in response to the problems and difficulties in the current “innovation and entrepreneurship” ability of college students. This can promote the improvement of college students’ “innovation and entrepreneurship” ability.

Optimal modeling of nonlinear systems Method of variable injections

Our work addresses a development and justification of the new approach to the modeling of nonlinear systems. Let $\f$ be an unknown input-output map of the system with a random input and output $\y$ and $\x$, respectively. It is assumed that $\y$ and $\x$ are available and covariance matrices formed from $\y$ and $\x$ are known. We determine a model of $\f$ so that an associated error is minimized. To this end, the model $\ttt_p$ is constructed as a sum of $p+1$ particular parts, in the form $\ttt_p (\y) = \sum_{j=0}^{p}G_j H_j Q_j(\vv_j)$ where $G_j$ and $ H_j$, for $j=0,\ldots, p$, are matrices to be determined, and $\vv_j$, for $j=1,\ldots,p$, is a special random vector called the injection. We denote $\vv_0=\y$. Injections $\vv_1,\ldots, \vv_p$ are aimed to diminish the error associated with the proposed model $\ttt_p$. Further, $Q_j$ is a special transform aimed to facilitate the numerical realization of model $\ttt_p$. It is determined in the way allowing us to optimally determine $G_j$ and $ H_j$ as a solution of $p+1$ separate error minimization problems which are simpler than the original minimization problem. The empirical determination of injections $\vv_1,\ldots, \vv_p$ is considered. The proposed method has several degrees of freedom to diminish the associated error. They are `degree' $p$ of $\ttt_p$, choice of matrices $G_0, H_0, \ldots,$ $G_p, H_p$, dimensions of matrices $G_0, H_0, \ldots,$ $G_p, H_p$ and injections $\vv_1,\ldots, \vv_p$, respectively. Four numerical examples are provided. At the end, the open problem is formulated.

A New Look at The Problem of the Ecclesiastical Separation between the Church of Rome and The Patriarchy of Constantinople

A New Look at The Problem of the Ecclesiastical Separation between the Church of Rome and The Patriarchy of Constantinople

Superhydrophilic and mixed-charge sponge: Revealing the mechanism of three-dimensional demulsification materials for oil-in-water emulsions under charge effect

In petroleum industries, the problem of difficult oil-water separation requires an urgent solution, superhydrophilic charged three-dimensional materials was verified effect for separating oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions, however, the mechanism was unclear. A superhydrophilic sponge SPP with various negative charge amounts and A-SPP with mixed-charge were modified by impregnation. Under gravity-driven filtration, the demulsification effect of SPP and A-SPP on the oil content, zeta potential, and size distribution of emulsion and their mechanism was explored. SPP treated the cationic surfactant stabilized o/w emulsion by electrostatic attraction, the more charged, the better effect, its separation efficiency reached 99.5%, reducing the emulsion zeta potential from 79.18 mV to 23.28 mV, but the droplet size fluctuated sharply illustrated the unstable effect, the single-charge was affected by surfactants. A-SPP realized demulsification by synergize of mixed-charge, treating anionic/cationic surfactant stabilized o/w emulsions with separation efficiency exceeded 99.9%, zeta potential of filtrate below ±15.75 mV, droplet size increased from 500 nm to 10 μm. A-SPP could treat o/w emulsions with different components and concentrations, had cycle stability (99% after 15 times), and tolerated abrasion and brine. A-SPP resembled a filter, the demulsification process of emulsified oil droplets was surface interception-electrostatic demulsification-contact coalescence-skeleton adhesion, the electrostatic, hydrophobic, capillary effects were the main roles. The superhydrophilic mixed-charge sponge can treat diverse emulsions with low energy consumption and high efficiency, revealing the mechanism of three-dimensional demulsification materials for o/w emulsions and creating potential for practical applications.

Exploration of disodium methylenebis naphthalene sulfonatea as a novel depressant for the flotation separation of apatite from dolomite

To address the flotation separation problem between apatite and dolomite, DMNS (disodium methylenebis naphthalene sulfonate) was selected as a depressant in this research. Micro-flotation results showed NaOl exhibited good floatability for dolomite and apatite, with no significant difference in the floatability between these two minerals. The addition of DMNS completely depressed the floatability of dolomite but slightly affected the floatability of apatite. The artificial minerals mixture flotation ensured that DMNS achieved the separation between apatite and dolomite when the NaOl was used. The adsorption measurement illustrated adsorption amount of DMNS on dolomite surface was more than that of it on apatite surface, the Zeta potential results illustrated NaOl still adsorbed on the apatite surface but did not adsorbed on the dolomite surface after conditioning with DMNS. XPS analysis verified that no effective interaction occurred between DMNS and apatite surface, and DMNS chemically adsorbed on the dolomite surface by the interaction between –SO3H groups of DMNS and Ca2+/Mg2+ of the dolomite surface. First-principles calculations further ensured the higher adsorption energy of DMNS on the dolomite surface. The computational calculation also revealed that the interaction of DMNS with the dolomite surface was much stronger than that with the apatite surface.

An Integer Program for Pricing Support Points of Exact Barycenters

The ideas presented in this paper represent the most recent progress in a multiyear effort to create a practical computational algorithm for computing exact barycenters. We began by exploring linear programming formulations based on the underlying structure of the input measures (published in INFORMS Optimization in 2020). Since then, we explored the use of column generation methods, which led to significant computational improvements, but cannot overcome the underlying exponentiality of the problem as the dimension grows. However, through a shift of this difficulty to a separate pricing problem, now taking the form of a mixed-integer program, we arrived at the most competitive column generation approach for the dynamic generation of exact support points in higher dimensions.

Opinions and Attitudes of Dental Practitioners towards Intracanal Separation of Endodontic Instruments

Objective: To investigate the opinions and attitudes of dental practitioners towards intracanal separation of endodontic instruments and to create awareness regarding the management of separated instruments Study Design: Cross-sectional survey Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Apr 2021. Methodology: An online questionnaire was circulated among 374 dentists of private and public hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The questionnaire consisted of close-ended questions related to demographic details, dentists' awareness of instrument separation, the frequency of separated instruments, the causes of separation, the management of separated instruments, and the retrieval strategies if used. Results: Out of 374 study participants, 307(82.1%) of the participants thought that operator-related factors such as improper or overuse of the instrument were considered the most common factors for instrument separation during root canal procedures. 205(54.8%) thought unwinding, defective flutes and shiny areas were the most common factors affecting instrument separation. 241(64.4%) of the instruments are separated during cleaning and shaping. 135(36.1%) K files and 119(31.8%) H files were separated in this survey. Conclusion: Most dentists of Rawalpindi and Islamabad face the problem of endodontic instrument separation during rootcanal preparation.