Separate Lists Research Articles

Beetle Heritage: Cataloguing the Primary Types of Coleoptera in the C. A. Triplehorn Insect Collection

The primary types of beetles (Coleoptera) in the C. A. Triplehorn Insect Collection at The Ohio State University are catalogued. Data on original combinations, current combinations, and type locality are verified and presented. A brief history of the collection is recounted. There are 200 primary types (172 holotypes, seven neotypes, one lectotype, 20 syntypes) from 28 families and eight countries in the collection. A total of 24 specimens labeled by others as primary types were confirmed as manuscript names and are presented in a separate list. The primary type of Luperaltica nitida Wilcox is presumed to be lost. The presumed holotype of Edrotes fossor Triplehorn was previously erroneously labeled, and a lectotype is designated from the paratype series.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE PUBLIC ROAD NETWORK OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA IN THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES

The article reconstructs the public road network of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (hereafter referred to as the GDL) in the 16th–17th centuries, and discusses its structure. In the historical sources, special terms describe public roads (highways), which are also called “big”, “great” or “eternal” roads. These were long-distance routes that connected urban, economic, and political centres. Roads and local pathways led towards them. The structure of the public road network in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was based on the distribution of settlements and towns in the country. The densest public road network as in the western and southwestern parts of the GDL; meanwhile in the east of the country it was rather sparse. It depended on geographical features, as the eastern part of the country was marshier and woodier. Besides, the population of the eastern part of the GLD was affected by wars with Moscow. Active development of internal colonization could be observed in the western and southwestern part of the GDL. Intensive life was also affected by the concentration of the sovereign’s estates. All this encouraged the mobility of the population. The cities in the west and southwest of the GDL were enlaced in the network of public roads and were actively involved in the system of land transport and communication. Part of them attracted population not only locally but also from the entire region. During this research, a special scheme map featuring all public roads in the GDL in the 16th–17th centuries, as described in historical sources, was drawn. A separate list of sources, which is the scientific apparatus of the scheme map, is vailable.

Adult and child deprivation in Hong Kong

AbstractThere is growing interest in the application of Townsend's deprivation approach to provide estimates of poverty that more directly reflect the living standards of those on low income. The consensual approach is applied here using data from the second wave (conducted in 2015–2016) of the Trends and Implications of Social Disadvantages in Hong Kong survey. The article draws on a related study that identifies separate lists of items deemed “necessary for all” by a majority of adults (aged 18 years or older) and children (aged 10–17 years). Those unable to obtain at least three of these items are identified as deprived, and the profile of household deprivation is examined in terms of the family types most affected, age groups, and numbers of children. Further analysis focuses on the disparity between children identified as living in households identified as deprived according to information provided by adults and children whose deprivation status reflects their own views. Finally, the overlaps between deprivation and four measures of poverty—two objective and income based and two subjective and perception based—are examined and discussed. The results indicate that deprivation and poverty are different but that, however it is measured, more needs to be done to address poverty in Hong Kong, including further improvements in the coverage and adequacy of health service provision and social security benefits.

TermEnsembler

Abstract This paper describes TermEnsembler, a bilingual term extraction and alignment system utilizing a novel ensemble learning approach to bilingual term alignment. In the proposed system, the processing starts with monolingual term extraction from a language industry standard file type containing aligned English and Slovenian texts. The two separate term lists are then automatically aligned using an ensemble of seven bilingual alignment methods, which are first executed separately and then merged using the weights learned with an evolutionary algorithm. In the experiments, the weights were learned on one domain and tested on two other domains. When evaluated on the top 400 aligned term pairs, the precision of term alignment is over 96%, while the number of correctly aligned multi-word unit terms exceeds 30% when evaluated on the top 400 term pairs.

A new model for overlapping communities with arbitrary internal structure

We introduce the random intersection graph with communities, a new model for networks with overlapping communities with arbitrary internal structure. We construct the model from a list of arbitrary community graphs that are the building blocks, and a separate list of individuals, each with a prescribed number of community membership tokens. Randomness is introduced by matching these tokens uniformly at random to vertices of the community graphs. We then identify the community members assigned to the same individual, thus overlaps arise due to individuals having several tokens. This gives a highly flexible model for networks with community structure.We are able to derive a wide range of analytic results on this model. We derive an asymptotic description of the local structure of the graph, which further yields the asymptotic degree distribution, local clustering coefficient, and results on the overlapping structure of the communities. For the global connectivity structure, we identify a phase transition in the size of the largest component. When the largest component constitutes a positive proportion of the graph, we can further characterize its asymptotic local structure. Finally, we study how the connectivity structure changes under a randomized attack, where we remove edges randomly, according to independent coin flips.

What are the current 'top five' perceived educational needs of Irish general practitioners?

Doctors' continuing medical educational and professional development (CME and CPD) needs are known to be strongly influenced by national and local contextual characteristics. A crucial step in the development of effective education and training programmes is the assessment of learner needs. A national needs assessment was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) in the Republic of Ireland who attended continuing medical education small group learning meetings (CME-SGL) in late 2017. Doctors completed a self-administered anonymous three-page questionnaire which gathered demographic data and asked them to choose their 'top five' perceived educational needs from separate lists of topics for CME and CPD. There were 1669 responses (98% of monthly attendance). The topics most commonly identified as a priority for further CME were prescribing (updates/therapeutics), elderly medicine, management of common chronic conditions, dermatology, and patient safety/medical error. The most commonly selected CPD topics were applying evidence-based guidelines to practice, appraising performance/conducting practice audits, coping with change, and managing risk and legal medicine. There was no difference between urban and rural practice settings regarding the most commonly chosen topics in each category; however, more rural GPs selected pre-hospital/emergency care as one of their 'top five'. Our findings identified priority areas where CME and CPD for GPs in Ireland should focus. The topics selected may reflect the changing nature of general practice, which increasingly requires delivery of care to an ageing population with more multi-morbidity and chronic disease management, while trying to apply evidence-based medicine and consider patient safety issues. CME/CPD programmes need to adapt accordingly.

Combining two separate series into a single ordering: Testing the local and global distinctiveness theories with absolute and relative judgments.

This study examined the differential effects of an absolute versus a relative judgment task on the retrieval of the border-position items after the combining of two separate serial lists. Under the absolute judgment condition (Experiment 1), the border-position items showed a local distinctiveness effect (faster judgment on these items than on the neighboring items), consistent with the prediction of the local distinctiveness theory of order memory, but not under the relative judgment condition (Experiment 2). The absence of the local distinctiveness effect under the relative judgment condition was consistent with the prediction of the global distinctiveness theory that a midseries item cannot be remembered better than its neighbors. The causes of the differential effects of the two judgment tasks were discussed.

PlantMP: a database for moonlighting plant proteins.

Moonlighting proteins are single polypeptide chains capable of executing two or more distinct biochemical and/or biological functions. Here, we describe the development of PlantMP, which is a manually curated online-based database of plant proteins that are known to `moonlight’. The database contains searchable UniProt IDs and names, canonical and moonlighting functions, gene ontology numbers, plant species as well as links to the PubMed indexed articles. Proteins homologous to experimentally confirmed moonlighting proteins from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are provided as a separate list of `likely moonlighters’. Additionally, we also provide a list of predicted Arabidopsis moonlighting proteins reported in the literature. Currently, PlantMP contains 110 plant moonlighting proteins, 10 `likely moonlighters’ and 27 `predicted moonlighters’. Organizing plant moonlighting proteins in one platform enables researchers to conveniently harvest plant-specific raw and processed data such as the molecular functions, biological roles and structural features essential for hypothesis formulation in basic research and for biotechnological innovations.

Subjective experience of poetry: Latent structure and differences between experts and non-experts

We present a series of studies investigating subjective experience of poetry in expert and non-expert readers. In the preliminary study, literature and psychology students produced adjectives descriptive of poetry. Separate lists of adjectives with 5-point Likert-type scales, one for experts, another for non-experts, were created based on their responses. In a series of three subsequent poem rating studies, we show (1) that a more complex factor structure of subjective experience of poetry is formed based on expert responses, (2) that the obtained factor structure for non-experts becomes more similar, yet not entirely identical to the expert solution when non-experts use the adjective list generated by literature students, and (3) that the factor solution obtained for experts remains stable even when a different group of experts rates an entirely different set of poems. The extracted factor structures and their content, differences between expert and non-expert readers, and suggestions to how the developed scales of subjective experience of poetry can be used in future studies are discussed.

The use of the international classification of functioning, disability and health in an interactive perspective: the assessment and intervention of students’ additional support needs in Portugal

Purpose: Evaluating the influence of person-environment interactions on students’ performance is a fundamental requirement for planning individualized educational interventions. Such understanding grounded the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a reference framework to support special needs assessment in the Portuguese educational system. This study sought to investigate the extent to which special education teams reported relationships between Body Functions, Activities and Participation, and Environmental Factors in Individualized Education Programmes for students with additional support needs and what types of relations were mostly described.Materials and methods: Using content analysis, 176 Individualized Education Programmes were examined. A coding scheme based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was developed to categorize and quantify code-relations.Results and conclusions: Code-relations consisted in 6.1% out of the total of meaning units found in textual segments concerning assessment and intervention processes. Code-relations were chiefly focused on mental functions, learning and applying knowledge, and products and technology. Intervention plans were predominantly presented as separate lists of goals and strategies, focusing Activities and Participation (67.8%), Body Functions (16.1%) and Environmental Factors (16.2%). Within the reduced amount of contents in which there was a match between goals and strategies, only 8.2% were directly connected with assessment data. Recommendations are made for the implementation of an interactive approach when using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in educational contexts.Implications for rehabilitationThe adoption of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in the educational context goes beyond the use of a universal language including, as well, the potential to foster a multidimensional and comprehensive approach to students’ needs.Professionals’ approach in special needs assessment is often partial and segmented, suggesting a narrow understanding of the relationships between body functions, activities and participation, and environmental factors.Our findings support the need for an expanded focus on person–environment interactions, considering students’ participation in different domains of life – besides learning – as well as the impact of environmental barriers over students’ participation;Training programmes centred on a biopsychosocial understanding of human functioning, the establishment of a transdisciplinary collaborative culture and the use of dynamic assessment tools may equip professionals with appropriate conditions to use the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health within an interactive perspective.

Experimental Investigation of the Time Course Effects of Acute Exercise on False Episodic Memory.

Previous experimental work suggests that acute exercise may positively influence the accurate recall of past episodic events. However, few studies have examined whether acute exercise also reduces the number of false episodic memories. We evaluated this paradigm in conjunction with an examination of the temporal effects of acute exercise, which have previously been shown to play an important role in subserving episodic memory function. Twenty young adults participated in three experimental visits, including a non-exercise control visit, a visit involving an acute bout (20 min) of moderate-intensity exercise occurring prior to the memory task, and a visit involving an acute bout of exercise occurring during the encoding of the memory task. All visits were counterbalanced and occurred at least 24 h apart. The Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) Paradigm, involving a separate word list trial for each visit, was employed to assess accurate and false episodic memory recall. For each visit, a short-term (immediate recall) and a long-term (25-min delay) memory recall was assessed. For both time points, the visit that involved exercise prior to encoding resulted in better short-term and long-term memory function (F(2) = 11.56, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.38). For both time points, the control visit resulted in a greater number of false memories. These findings suggest that acute moderate-intensity exercise may help to increase the accurate recall of past episodic memories and may help to reduce the rate of false memories.

Creating a Scoped eJournal List of Biomedical Journals in a Large University Setting: A Case Study

The Harrell Health Sciences Library: Research and Learning Commons (HHSL) at the Penn State College of Medicine has access to a wide range of library resources through the university but maintains an eJournal list of titles scoped to biomedical content. The separate list is important to maintain accurate holdings information for the annual reporting of library statistics and for interlibrary loan. The authors created a systematic way of building a scoped biomedical eJournal list based on titles indexed in major biomedical databases. The scoped eJournal list is active on the HHSL website, and there is a systematic process in place to maintain and update it.

A closer look at children’s metacognitive skills: The case of the distinctiveness heuristic

The primary aim of this study was to document the developmental course of distinctiveness effects throughout childhood. Specifically, we examined whether the reduction in false recognition rates that is traditionally observed in children after distinctive encoding could be explained not only by enhanced discrimination between studied and new items but also by the implementation of a conservative response criterion resulting from the use of metacognitive expectations about the quality of memories (i.e., distinctiveness heuristic). Two experiments were conducted in which children in three age groups—4–5, 6–7, and 8–9 years—were asked to study a set of items presented in either pictorial (distinctive) or word (less distinctive) form. In Experiment 1, pictures and words were displayed in two separate lists, a design that is supposed to favor reliance on the distinctiveness heuristic. In Experiment 2, the two types of stimuli were presented within the same list, a design that is supposed to make using the metacognitive heuristic ineffective. Overall, Experiments 1 and 2 provide evidence that children as young as 4 years rely on the distinctiveness heuristic to guide their memory decisions, resulting in a reduction in the false recognition rate when items are presented using a pure-list design (Experiment 1) but not when they are presented using a mixed-list design (Experiment 2). The implications of these findings for our understanding of the development of metacognition and the involvement of metacognitive skills in children’s memory performance are discussed.

Pilot testing the Daily Activities List for Inmates (DALI): Item evaluation and content validity.

Scheduling enjoyable daily activities is a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention used in the treatment of depression and substance abuse disorders that are prevalent disorders among inmates. To effectively use this intervention with inmates, an activities list with items ecologically sensitive to the correctional setting needs to be created. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate items; thus, establishing a content valid Daily Activities List for Inmates (DALI). Fifteen corrections professionals representing a wide range of disciplines and managerial backgrounds served as subject matter experts (SMEs). Each SME evaluated 403 daily activity items that were aggregated from 4 separate lists. Each item was evaluated in relation to appropriateness for corrections, availability to inmates, need for editing, and where the activity could take place (in cell, out of cell, or both) then analyzed for removal following a criteria-driven, stage-based approach. The final daily activity list consisted of a total 227 items with the majority of the items developed by inmates in a correctional environment enduring through each stage. The majority of all 227 final DALI items were also considered to be used as both in and out of cell activities. An additional 22 items were created through SME suggestions or edits and were reserved for possible future use. With an ecologically sensitive daily activities list for inmates developed, implications for using the DALI to deliver psychological services to inmates are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Geographic proximity to specialized pediatric neurosurgical care in the contiguous United States.

OBJECTIVE Absent from an analysis of supply is consideration of the geographic distribution of pediatric neurosurgeons. Several patient socioeconomic metrics are known to be associated with outcome in pediatric neurosurgical diseases, such as hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study was to determine current geographic proximity to pediatric neurosurgical care using professional society databases. This study also sought to establish how socioeconomic factors are related to distance to care, using federal government-collected data. METHODS A list of currently practicing American Board of Pediatric Neurological Surgery (ABPNS)-certified neurosurgeons was compiled (ABPNS group). A separate list of practicing members of the Joint Pediatric Section (JPS) of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons was prepared (JPS group). Current primary practice locations were collected from each professional society database for each ABPNS or JPS neurosurgeon and were charted using ArcGIS mapping software (ESRI, version 10.3) on a United States Census Bureau map. The straight distance from the centroid of each zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) to the nearest neurosurgeon was determined by group type of neurosurgeon (ABPNS vs ABPNS + JPS). ZCTA-level data on demographic and socioeconomic factors were acquired from the American Community Survey, including data in children and young adults (0-18 or 0-24 years old) and the general population. These data were compared by distance to care and by groups of neurosurgeons (Pearson's chi-square analysis; the threshold of significance was set at 0.05). RESULTS Three hundred fifty-five practicing neurosurgeons providing pediatric care were located, of whom 215 surgeons were certified by the ABPNS and 140 were JPS members only. The analysis showed that 1 pediatric neurosurgeon is in practice for every 289,799 persons up to the age of 24 years. The average distance between a ZCTA and the nearest pediatric neurosurgeon is 63.3 miles (SE 0.3, range 0.0-499.7 miles). Geographic analysis showed that 27.1% of children live farther than 60 miles from an ABPNS-certified neurosurgeon and 19.7% from either an ABPNS-certified neurosurgeon or a JPS member. ZCTAs with children who live farther than 60 miles from a neurosurgeon providing pediatric care had a marginally higher rate of uninsured children, a higher percentage of families with children living below the federal poverty level, and a higher proportion of persons living in rural areas compared with ZCTAs with children who live within 60 miles of care (p < 0.005 for each finding). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that there is considerable variation in proximity to pediatric neurosurgical subspecialty care by geographic region. In addition, there is a relationship between distance to neurosurgical care and socioeconomic indicators. Optimization of access to pediatric neurosurgical care may involve strategies to overcome long geographic distances, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Such areas may have disproportionately lower socioeconomic levels, which may further limit access to care and affect outcomes. Both the total number of pediatric neurosurgeons per pediatric population and their geographic distribution could be important in determining appropriate subspecialty supply factors (e.g., the number of accredited pediatric neurosurgical fellowship training programs), as well as being important drivers of neurosurgical patient outcomes.

Phytodiversity of Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India:&amp;nbsp;field&amp;#8209;based observations&amp;mdash;I. Trees and lianas

Trees and lianas were inventorized in Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India, which revealed the occurrence of 112&nbsp;and 23 species of trees and lianas respectively. Two separate lists, one for trees and other for lianas, of all the enumerated&nbsp;taxa are presented here with their vernacular names, phenology, places of occurrence and collection number(s).&nbsp;Threat status of each taxon according to IUCN Red List categories is also provided. Anthropogenic activities and other&nbsp;natural calamities are causing serious threats particularly to the tree diversity of the sanctuary. In addition, destruction&nbsp;of one tree may eradicate many lianas from a particular area. Thus, many species of trees and lianas are under alarming&nbsp;threat in the sanctuary. Conservation through in situ and ex situ modi operandi is recommended.

Identification of Reference Genes for Analysis of microRNA Expression Patterns in Equine Chorioallantoic Membrane and Serum.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important posttranscriptional regulatory abilities, and there is considerable interest in evaluating their expression patterns in different pathophysiological states. The most common method of quantifying miRNA expression is quantitative reverse transcription PCR; however, the identification of tissue-specific and species-specific reference miRNA is a prerequisite for miRNA expression analysis. Currently, no reference genes have been described for evaluating miRNA expression in equine serum and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to characterize reference genes for normalization of miRNA expression in CAM and serum in the pregnant equine. To identify the most stable miRNAs in serum, expression of potential candidates was evaluated in serum samples from diestrous mares, pregnant mares and geldings. To identify the most stable miRNAs in CAM, expression of potential candidates was evaluated in CAM, collected from mares at 4, 6 and 10months of pregnancy and immediately postpartum. From a previously generated miRNA sequencing dataset, two separate lists of potential reference miRNAs were identified (serum and CAM) using the NormFinder program, in addition to the commonly used small RNA normalizers, 5S rRNA and U6 snRNA. The putative reference miRNAs were selected using geNorm and NormFinder. In case of a nonsignificant correlation between the results of ranking and stability value between these two programs, ranking from BestKeeper was also included. NormFinder and geNorm consistently identified eca-miR-21-5p, eca-let-7a-5p and eca-miR-10a-5p as the three most stable reference genes for the normalization of serum miRNAs. Within CAM samples, the average ranking obtained from the ranking ofNormFinder, geNorm and BestKeeper identified eca-miR-8908a-1-5p, eca-miR-369-5p and eca-miR-106a-5p as the three most stable miRNAs. These observations provide information about equine-specific reference genes that can be used for normalizing miRNAs expression patterns in CAM and serum during the equine pregnancy.

An integrated meta-analysis approach to identifying medications with potential to alter breast cancer risk through connectivity mapping

BackgroundGene expression connectivity mapping has gained much popularity in recent years with a number of successful applications in biomedical research testifying its utility and promise. A major application of connectivity mapping is the identification of small molecule compounds capable of inhibiting a disease state. In this study, we are additionally interested in small molecule compounds that may enhance a disease state or increase the risk of developing that disease. Using breast cancer as a case study, we aim to develop and test a methodology for identifying commonly prescribed drugs that may have a suppressing or inducing effect on the target disease (breast cancer).ResultsWe obtained from public data repositories a collection of breast cancer gene expression datasets with over 7000 patients. An integrated meta-analysis approach to gene expression connectivity mapping was developed, which involved unified processing and normalization of raw gene expression data, systematic removal of batch effects, and multiple runs of balanced sampling for differential expression analysis. Differentially expressed genes stringently selected were used to construct multiple non-joint gene signatures representing the same biological state. Remarkably these non-joint gene signatures retrieved from connectivity mapping separate lists of candidate drugs with significant overlaps, providing high confidence in their predicted effects on breast cancers. Of particular note, among the top 26 compounds identified as inversely connected to the breast cancer gene signatures, 14 of them are known anti-cancer drugs.ConclusionsA few candidate drugs with potential to enhance breast cancer or increase the risk of the disease were also identified; further investigation on a large population is required to firmly establish their effects on breast cancer risks. This work thus provides a novel approach and an applicable example for identifying medications with potential to alter cancer risks through gene expression connectivity mapping.

Misuse of topical corticosteroids and attitude towards self-medication: a rising alarm

&lt;p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Background:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Topical corticosteroids (TC) are among the most commonly used medications for treatment of skin disorders. They give immediate relief from symptoms in many inflammatory dermatoses. Even inappropriate use in infectious dermatoses relieves the symptoms. This study was done to analyze the misuse of topical corticosteroids in Indian population and to analyze the attitude of patients towards self-medication.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;All patients presenting with various dermatoses to the investigator were asked about history of usage of any topical medication on the lesion. In case of a positive answer, the investigator ascertained whether the topical medication in question contained a corticosteroid. The total number of patients seen during the recruitment period (January 2012 – December 2012) was noted on a separate list. Full questionnaires were only filled for patients with history of using topical corticosteroids&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;5256 patients were screened out of which 4100 (78%) were already using topical medications. 3154 (60%) patients were using topical steroid in various forms. About 80% of the patients using topical steroids confessed that they have not consulted qualified medical practitioner. They were advised these medications by chemists, friends or quacks, neighbours, barbers, beauticians etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Misuse of topical corticosteroids is common in Indian population and results in various complications. Educating public, chemists, general practitioners along with strict vigil by law enforcing agencies is needed for optimal and safe use of corticosteroids.&lt;/p&gt;

DNMT1 is associated with cell cycle and DNA replication gene sets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Dysregulation of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is associated with the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. It has been previously shown that DNMT1 is frequently expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), however its functions remain to be elucidated in the disease. In this study, we gene expression profiled (GEP) shRNA targeting DNMT1(shDNMT1)-treated germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL)-derived cell line (i.e. HT) compared with non-silencing shRNA (control shRNA)-treated HT cells. Independent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) performed using GEPs of shRNA-treated HT cells and primary GCB-DLBCL cases derived from two publicly-available datasets (i.e. GSE10846 and GSE31312) produced three separate lists of enriched gene sets for each gene sets collection from Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Subsequent Venn analysis identified 268, 145 and six consensus gene sets from analyzing gene sets in C2 collection (curated gene sets), C5 sub-collection [gene sets from gene ontology (GO) biological process ontology] and Hallmark collection, respectively to be enriched in positive correlation with DNMT1 expression profiles in shRNA-treated HT cells, GSE10846 and GSE31312 datasets [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05]. Cell cycle progression and DNA replication were among the significantly enriched biological processes (FDR <0.05). Expression of genes involved in the activation of cell cycle and DNA replication (e.g. CDK1, CCNA2, E2F2, PCNA, RFC5 and POLD3) were highly correlated (r>0.8) with DNMT1 expression and significantly downregulated (log fold-change <−1.35; p<0.05) following DNMT1 silencing in HT cells. These results suggest the involvement of DNMT1 in the activation of cell cycle and DNA replication in DLBCL cells.