Separate Constituents Research Articles

In vivo Antinociceptive Effect of Methanolic Extract of Ipomoea marginata Desr. in Rodents as well as In silico Molecular Docking of Some Phytoconstituents from the Plant

This research was performed to analyze the antinociceptive task of methanolic extract of Ipomoea marginata in addition to in silico evaluation of the antinociceptive task of the separated constituents from Ipomoea marginata versus cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme together with absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/toxicity analysis of separated substances. In vivo antinociceptive task of methanolic extract of Ipomoea marginata was examined by acetic acid-induced agonizing, tail immersion and the hot plate on rodents. In silico activity of the isolated substances, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/toxicity assessment was carried out by Autodock 4.0 and data warrior software applications. The results revealed that methanolic extract of Ipomoea marginata has the greatest possible dose-dependent antinociceptive task at all doses. Amongst the substances, Ipalbidine showed the very best docking score of -8.26, which was virtually better than standard diclofenac, i.e., -7.03, guaranteeing good binding compatibility among the ligand and the receptor than the standard and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/toxicity evaluation using data warrior assures the compound has not breached Lipinski's guideline of five suggesting its safety consumption. To conclude, Ipomoea marginata can be a potent resource of antinociceptive activity and also additional simulation studies are needed to develop the performance of Ipalbidine.

Fabrication and characterization of aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite with power chillers

The current tendency is to fabricate an innovative group of MMC term as HMMCs where different combinations of the materials are choosing in the direction of achieve advanced mechanical properties. In this current exploration intend by manufacturing aluminum union/ Silica/Carbon (Al/SiO2/C) HMMC within mould restrain dissimilar Coldness resources through separate constituent part within liquid state aluminum alloy. In this break up particles are additional varieties as of 4 just before 16 wt% into hierarchy of 4 wt%. The prepared cast composites specimens are as per the American Society for Testing and Materials Standards for mechanical properties.

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN VEGETABLE PLANT NANO ADDITIVES USING PAROTHERMOMECHANODESTRUCTION PROCESSES

The aim of research is to develop a new method for the production of protein plant nanoadditives from dry chickpea in the form of nanopowders and nanopastes using the processes of steam thermo-mechanical destruction, leading to a high degree of mechanical destruction of biopolymers in separate constituent monomers, without destroying the latter. The new method is based on the use as an innovation of a complex effect on raw materials of steam-thermal treatment in modern steam-thermal devices (at a temperature of +70 °C) and non-enzymatic catalysis, which occurs when using fine grinding. The proposed method makes it possible to more fully reveal the biological potential of plant raw materials and transform hardly soluble, indigestible by the human body components of raw materials (in particular, cellulose, pectin substances, proteins and their nanocomplex and nanoassociates) into components that are easily absorbed by the body. The method makes it possible to more completely remove from the raw materials inactive bound forms of individual monomers of biopolymers, to reduce the molecular weight of biopolymers. At the same time, the efficiency of the resulting product increases significantly when consumed by the human body. New additives from chickpea are fundamentally different from traditional ones in properties and physicochemical state. The developed additives act simultaneously five in one: a source of essential amino acids and other biologically active substances, structure formers, gelling agents, thickeners and yellow dyes. The obtained protein supplements from chickpeas in combination with herbal Nanoadditives (from pumpkin, carrots, lemons, garlic, celery roots, ginger) were used as recipe components in the development of a new generation of confectionery products. The resulting confectionery products differ from the traditional ones in their low sugar and fat content (up to 5 %), high content of complete protein (from 13 to 20 %). In addition, 100 g of new products are able to satisfy the daily requirement for biologically active substances (β-carotene, phenolic compounds) and 0.5 daily requirement for vitamin C. The resulting products are natural, do not contain harmful impurities and exceed the quality of world analogues

A Reinforcement Learning-Based Mixed Job Scheduler Scheme for Grid or IaaS Cloud

Job scheduling is a necessary prerequisite for performance optimization and resource management in the cloud computing system. Focusing on accurate scaled cloud computing environment and efficient job scheduling under Virtual Machine (VM) resource and Server Level Agreement (SLA) constraints, we introduce the architecture of cloud computing platform and optimization job scheduling scheme in this study. The system model is comprised of clearly defined separate constituent parts, including portal, job scheduler, and resources pool. By analyzing the execution process of user jobs, we designed a novel job scheduling scheme based on reinforcement learning to minimize the makespan and Average Waiting Time (AWT) under the VM resource and deadline constraints, and employ parallel multi-age parallel technologies to balance the exploration and exploitation in learning process and accelerate the convergence of Q -learning algorithm. Both simulation and real cloud platform experiment results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed job scheduling scheme.

Ethnic emancipation and conflict escalation in Uganda

This article examines why the emancipation of ethnic groups has failed to address ethnic conflicts in Uganda. Successive Ugandan governments, especially the current regime of President Yoweri Museveni, have attempted to end the country’s history of ethnic strife by creating separate constituencies, separate districts and separate kingdoms for marginalised ethnic groups to free them from the domination of powerful ethnic groups. Focussing on the Rwenzori area of western Uganda where ethnic violence is severest, I show how the approach of ethnic emancipation reproduces ethnicity as the basis for political inclusion and escalates rather than abates ethnic contestations. This study should shed more light on the challenge of ethnic federalism in other countries like Ethiopia and Nigeria.

Influence of Public Opinion on the Optimization of Communicative Interaction in the Public Administration Sphere

The article deals with the influence of public opinion on the process of state and administrative decision-making as one of the most pressing problems and a condition for effective interaction of participants of the political and administrative process. Theoretical analysis of the research field on the issues of knowledge and practice of influence of public opinion on the optimization of communicative interaction in the public administration sphere is presented.The essence of this phenomenon is analyzed and the main characteristics of public opinion is noted: it is determined primarily by the events that affect it; accordingly, the demand for action is the reaction of public opinion to events; influencing people is primarily due to influencing their interests; level of trust in management determines the amount of authority given to it; education and information contribute to common sense and moderate human behavior.It is determined that public opinion is a phenomenon more voluminous and complexly structured than the mere sum of points of view expressed by a certain set of individuals. Accordingly, its characteristic features and important practical aspects are directionality and intensity; stability, information saturation and social support. It is established that the functioning of public opinion depends essentially on the type of society that can stimulate and develop functions or deform and restrain them. The essence of public opinion and its main functions is analyzed.Ways to improve the effectiveness of the communicative component in the public administration system is identified. The main ones are optimization of the system of continuous communication between the centers of government decision making and civil society institutions; ensuring an effective public information policy; strengthening the practice of public reporting by public authorities; improving the effectiveness of civil society structures. The process of forming public opinion through the implementation of mechanisms of communicative interaction in the public administration sphere is considered; it is established that public opinion has its structural and operational features.The specifics of communication interaction in the public administration sphere is analyzed. The peculiarity of communicative interaction is to define it as a system of consistent methodological, methodic and organizational-technical procedures within the separate constituent mechanisms, connected by a single purpose: obtaining reliable data on the phenomenon under study or process for their further use in order to increase the effectiveness of the communicative dialogue between the authorities and civil society institutions.

Improvement of low temperature impact toughness through flux modification for submerged arc welded low carbon steel E350 plates

Objectives: To analyse the effects of rutile (TiO2) and Alumina (Al2O3) on impact toughness properties of Submerged arc welded joints for low temperature applications. Methods: Al2O3 and TiO2 have been added to F7AZ/PZ-EL8 Submerged arc welding (SAW) flux in varying quantities and the base material used for joining is low carbon structural steel having E350 grade. To verify the effect of these elements by flux modification, the Charpy V-Notch impact tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractography and visible light microscopy (VLM) have been conducted. Findings: Charpy V-Notch impact testing and analysis have shown that there is considerable improvement in the impact properties of welds with the addition of 20% TiO2 and 20% Al2O3 in the 80% of flux as separate constituents i.e., when these elements have been added in the flux in separate form or two new modified fluxes were prepared, where one is doped with alumina and other is with rutile. Fractography of welds with addition of 20% alumina in 80% F7AZ/PZ-EL8 SAW fluxes are having best impact properties at lower temperature and addition of 20% rutile also as almost effective as alumina in flux. consequently, mode of failure is ductile fracture with dimples as a result of good amount of acicular ferrite microstructure. Novelty: Analysis of previous studies implicated that there is lack of significant studies in the low temperature impact properties of low carbon steel submerged arc welds. Present study shows that the significant improvement in the toughness properties of welds at lower temperature of -40◦C can be achieved through flux modification, it would ensure the application of Low carbon steel structures at lower working temperature. The applications may be pressure vessels, ships or containers. Keywords: Submerged arc welding (SAW); low temperature impact toughness; flux modification; low carbon steels

Оценка влияния радиуса изгиба при расчетах продольных напряжений длительно эксплуатируемых трубопроводов

Calculations of stress-strain state of pipelines are performed in accordance with the unified regulatory requirements, which do not take into account facilities operation. Thus, the limitation of minimal allowable bend radius with the value of 1000 pipe diameters (1000D) can be considered justified in relation to a new construction project, but the problem is that it is applied to all pipelines independently of its service life. At the same time the modern smart pigging technologies allow for obtaining precise data on bend radius of operated pipelines, and the diagnostics results indicate, that mandatory requirement for minimal value of 1000D frequently contradicts the actual technical condition of researched objects. The authors performed the analysis of standard formula for calculation of longitudinal stresses, considered the impact on the calculated value of its separate constituents: values of pressure, temperature difference and bend radius. The conclusion is made about the necessity for reassessment of the current regulations for scientific justification of acceptable values of pipeline longitudinal stresses. It is established, that the primary factor, which is responsible for forming the value of longitudinal stresses of the pipelines during long-term operation is the bend radius.

Preliminary Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of the First 1,000 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases in Moscow Region

Rationale. The novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) continues to spread worldwide, though the epidemiological situation varies across countries. It is of interest to estimate the pediatric incidence in a separate constituent entity of the Russian Federation, Moscow Region (MR) closely connected with Moscow (accounting for the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Russia). Assessment of the epidemiological data is interesting due to the late onset of the epidemic outbreak, the preventive lockdown imposed during the early stages, and extensive testing of all the identified contacts.Purpose of the study: Assessment of the pediatric incidence of COVID-19, including identification of its main clinical and epidemiological characteristics, based on the monitoring data for the current situation in MR.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of all pediatric cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in MR (1,047 children of all ages) was performed. The time span covered the data of the daily monitoring of the epidemiological situation from the beginning of reporting (53 days in total). The information was obtained from the database of the Rospotrebnadzor Territorial Administration of MR and collected in compliance with the regulations on Daily Monitoring of Children with Coronavirus Infection, Management Section, State Information System, MR.Results. The pediatric cases of COVID-19 accounted for 6.3% (95% CI2 5.9–6.7) of all the cases reported by 6/5/2020 (16,590); the total infection rate of the pediatric population in the region was 0.07% (0.06–0.09). The basic reproduction number ranged from 4.8 (during the two-week exponential growth phase) to 2.7 (during the later period characterized by a slowdown in the incidence rate) and averaged 3.8 (3.0–4.57). The clustering rate of COVID-19 among children was high, reaching 82.8% (79.7–85.6) with a small average number of cases detected in the cluster — 1.21 (1.16–1.26). Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases prevailed significantly, amounting to 62.2% (59.2–65.1), including 73.1% in newborns; severe cases accounted for 0.38% (0.35–0.41) and hospitalized cases totaled 12.0 (10.1–14.2). No death cases were reported. The mean age of the diseased and infected was 8 [4; 13] years old. Boys prevailed insignificantly (53.2%).Conclusion. There is a distinct stage-by-stage development of the epidemic situation among children in MR. In the pediatric population, COVID-19 was generally acquired from a secondary household transmission within family clusters. Early preventive measures and extensive testing helped to reduce the period of exponential growth and, therefore, to avoid large clusters of infection. In addition, 17.2% of the COVID-19 clusters were identified as those where the child was the first to become sick. In the future, it is necessary to practice distancing and provide effective isolation of diseased children and adults, since the high rate of incidence in children can lag behind the incidence rate in adults.

Mud‐associated organic matter and its direct and indirect role in marsh organic matter accumulation and vertical accretion

AbstractIn situ plant production is often assumed to be the major contributor to organic matter (OM) accumulation and vertical accretion in tidal marshes. Here, we evaluate the contribution of mud‐associated OM in salt and brackish marshes in Louisiana. Based on 14 soil cores, the OM content of the mud fraction—i.e., any material smaller than 64 μm—was 17% ± 7% for the salt marshes and 28% ± 14% for the brackish marshes. This remains nearly uniform over the top 35 cm depth, suggesting that this material is deposited contemporaneously with the mud. The dry bulk density of the mud (300–450 kg m−3) is also much lower than what was estimated using a previously proposed two‐constituent mixing model (1990 kg m−3). To reconcile this discrepancy, we developed a modified mixing model that includes mud OM and differentiates sand as a separate constituent with its high dry bulk density. The model estimates that mud contributes to ~ 60% of the total marsh vertical accretion in Louisiana, considerably higher than the ~ 14% estimated with the two‐constituent mixing model. The result, which is a direct consequence of the relatively high porosity of mud, highlights that mud deposition is crucial for the accretion of microtidal marshes. Further, the model estimates that the mud OM constitutes ~ 60% of the total soil OM, emphasizing that in situ plant production is not the only—and, in minerogenic marshes, not the major—contributor to OM accumulation.

Flavonoid epimers from custard apple leaves, a rapid screening and separation by HSCCC and their antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities evaluation

Leaves of custard apple are widely used in many places as a popular dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes. Flavonoids are known to have anti-diabetic activity. In this study, the main flavonoid epimers were separated. The crude extract was first screened by HPLC-DAD before and after incubation with DPPH method to evaluate the antioxidants. An efficient extraction method was employed to remove non-flavonoid components. Subsequently, five main flavonoids with two pairs of epimers including quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, rutin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were successfully separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography with ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (4:1:5, v/v) coupled with online-storage inner-recycling mode. The structures of the separated compounds were identified by spectral techniques. The purity of the separated flavonoid glycosides was over 98%, as determined by HPLC. The separated pure constituents were found to possess the antioxidant capacities following DPPH radical scavenging protocol. The compounds (1-3) exhibited better antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the glucose uptake of crude flavonoid extract had better results than the crude ethanol extract. The present study demonstrates that the efficacy of custard apple leaves in lowering glucose level, and antioxidant capacities of separated pure compounds probably appear to be predominantly responsible for hypoglycaemic properties on HepG2 cells.

Out-of-plane crushing response of aluminum honeycombs in-situ filled with graphene-reinforced polyurethane foam

This work reports the out-of-plane crushing response of aluminum honeycomb (HC) filled with polyurethane (PU) foams. For the filling of the HC, two types of PU foams were manufactured: unreinforced PU (UR/PU) foam and PU foam reinforced (GR/PU) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flakes. In this investigation, the static and low velocity impact compressive tests were performed on the separate constituents (UR/PU foam, GR/PU foam and empty HC) and their combinations (UR/PU foam-filled HC and GR/PU foam-filled HC). By the addition of 0.02% rGO flakes, to UR/PU, an increase (over 41%) of the strength and energy absorption properties was obtained. Moreover, due to the interaction effect, the foam-filled HC composite highlights better properties (up to 61%) than the empty HC structure. Further, it has been observed that exposure of the specimens to ultraviolet (UV) radiation do not change the foam density, but their properties increase by up to 30%. Finally, it was noticed that the in-situ foam-filled HC manufacturing technique is clearly superior to the ex-situ method, while the foam material dictates the filled HC collapse mechanisms considerably.

Cholesterol Induces Nrf-2- and HIF-1α-Dependent Hepatocyte Proliferation and Liver Regeneration to Ameliorate Bile Acid Toxicity in Mouse Models of NASH and Fibrosis.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. The toxic effects of lipids and bile acids contribute to NASH. The regenerative pathway in response to damage to the liver includes activation of the inflammatory process and priming of hepatocytes to proliferate to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the effects of cholesterol on bile acid toxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis remain unknown. We have used two mouse models of bile acid toxicity to induce liver inflammation and fibrosis. A three-week study was conducted using wild-type mice receiving an atherogenic diet (1% (w/w) cholesterol and 0.5% (w/w) cholic acid) and its separate constituents. Mdr2-/- mice were fed a high-cholesterol-enriched diet or standard AIN-93 diet for 6 weeks. We measured serum transaminase levels to assess liver tissue necrosis and fibrosis; iNOS, SAA1, SAA2, and F4/80 levels to determine liver inflammation; PCNA and HGF levels to evaluate proliferative response; and Nrf-2, HIF-1α, and downstream gene expression to establish protective responses. In both studies, high bile acid levels increased serum transaminases and liver fibrosis, whereas cholesterol supplementation attenuated these effects. Cholesterol supplementation activated survival and the robustness of HIF-1α and Nrf-2 gene expression in hepatocytes, induced liver inflammation and hepatocyte proliferation, and inhibited stellate cell hyperplasia and fibrosis. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that cholesterol intake protects against bile acid liver toxicity. The balance between hepatic cholesterol and bile acid levels may be of prognostic value in liver disease progression and trajectory.

Seismic Event Coda‐Correlation: Toward Global Coda‐Correlation Tomography

AbstractSeismic event coda‐correlation is a mathematical manifestation of the seismic wavefield, and it is characterized by many prominent features that are formed due to the similarity between multiple pairs of seismic phases. This new paradigm sets a stage for extracting valuable information about Earth structure. However, earthquake coda‐correlation has a fundamentally different physical mechanism from ambient‐noise correlation and thus cannot be utilized in the same way as the ambient‐noise correlation tomography that has been rigorously studied both in terms of theory and applications. Therefore, we are motivated to devise a new framework for the coda‐correlation tomography, in which relevant features in coda‐correlation are decomposed and separate constituents are individually related to Earth structure to build sensitivity kernels for tomography. Our theoretical framework is verified via a toy‐problem experiment, and we compare the newly proposed method here with the one based on the assumption that an interreceiver response (Green's function) can be obtained. We illustrate that significant differences can arise in the interpretation of results if the Green's function is used instead of the newly proposed framework based on the understanding of the formation of coda‐correlation. The proposed framework paves the way for further detailed and application‐oriented method improvements and exploitation of the coda‐correlation tomography in global and planetary seismology.

Legal regulation of the work of tour guides, guides-interpreters and guides-instructors: the experience of the constituent entities if the Russian Federation and prospects for federal regulation

The subject of this research is the legal norms regulating the work of tour guides, guides-interpreters and guides-instructors in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the positions of the Federal Law of 11.24.1996 No.132-FZ “On the Basics of Tourism in the Russian Federation” and draft Federal Law No.864169-7 “On Amendments to Separate Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation for the Purposes of Improving Legal Regulation of Tour guides, Guides-Interpreters and Guides-Instructors”, as well as regional normative legal acts, establishing requirements on mandatory of voluntary accreditation of these specialist in particular constituent entities if the Russian Federation. The author concludes that the systems existing in the separate constituent entities if the Russian Federation for accreditation of tour guides, guides-interpreters and guides-instructors require improvements. Solution of the problem is seen in organization of the work of the aforementioned subjects of the tourism industry by establishing uniform legal regulation on the federal level. The result of the analysis of the draft Federal Law No.864169-7 produced a number of proposals aimed at improving separate aspect of legal regulation of the work tour guides, guides-interpreters and guides-instructor.

Characterization of atmospheric PM2.5 sources at a Central European urban background site

For the purposes of this work, a first in Poland, full-year collection of daily PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) samples was chemically analyzed to determine the contents of elemental and organic carbon, water-soluble inorganic ions and 21 minor and trace elements in PM in an urban background site in Warsaw. Annual mean PM2.5 concentration reached 18.8 μg/m3, with the lowest levels in summer (11.5 μg/m3 on average) and the highest in winter (27.5 μg/m3), with several episodes reaching over 80 μg/m3. Strong seasonal differences were observed mainly for the contents of nitrate and secondary organic carbon (SOC), while sulphate showed the least variability. Secondary species constituted on average 45% of PM2.5 mass, suggesting large influence of regional and long-range transport of pollutants. Source apportionment with the use of positive matrix factorization (PMF) method, supported by the analysis of enrichment factors, led to identification of six main sources of PM2.5 origin: residential combustion (fresh & aged aerosol) (46% of PM2.5 mass), traffic exhaust (21%) and non-exhaust (10%) emissions, mineral dust/construction works (12%), high-temperature processes (8%) and steel processing (3%). Including primary organic carbon (POC) and SOC as two separate constituents helped to distinguish between the primary and secondary sources of the aerosol. The identification of sources was also supported by investigating their yearly and weekly profiles, as well as the correlation of PM constituents with meteorological conditions, which are one of the main drivers of heat generation activities. We found that the most distinctive markers of PM sources in Warsaw are SOC, Cl− and As for residential combustion, NH4+, Sb and POC for road transport, Ca and Mg for construction works and SO42− for long-range transport of PM.

TRADITIONAL PEOPLE CLOTHES OF THE BORZHAVA DOLYNIANS OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION OF THE 19TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

In the article on the basis of available literature, a comprehensive analysis all components of traditional folk women's and men's dress of Borzhavkys dolynians of the Transcarpathian of XIX – first half of XX century. This local-territorial center of the ethnographic group of Transcarpathian dolynians is divided into four ethnographic circles and covers separate villages of Svalyava, Irshava, Mukachevo and Vynohradiv districts. The article describes in detail the process of cutting women's shirts of the studied region: the status of the shirt, sleeves, upper chest of the front saw, decorative seams. The embroidery was decorated with a narrow collar, sleeves and cuffs. The embroidery of the women's shirts of Borzhavkys dolynians was distinguished by the color and structure of the ornamental composition. Dressed Borzhinskaya dolynian was easily distinguished in the crowd from the Romanian, the Hungarian, hutsulok, boutiques, lemkins and other local centers of the Transcarpathian valleys by separate constituents of folk dress or their constructive or decorative elements: neckline on the shirt, waist and lapel and hats, the gradual displacement of apron skirts, the absence of shoulder sleeves from factory fabrics. The set of traditional men's outfits of Borzhin valleys did not show such a variety of forms and decoration as women's clothing. The dolynian of the XIX – early XX centuries, dressed in festive attire in the crowd, Romanians, Hungarians, Hutsuls, bojkos and lemkos could be distinguished by a short shirt with wide sleeves, short, wide cloth pants, white dress pants.

Constructive coupling between BiFeO3 and CoFe2O4; promising magnetic and dielectric properties

Multiferroic perovskite/spinel hybrid nanocomposites from lanthanum (La) and chromium (Cr) co-doped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3); (Bi0.8La0.2Fe0.92Cr0.08O3) (BLFCO) as a multiferroic single phase matrix and a renowned hard ferrite spinel nanocrystalline of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) (CFO) were prepared, investigated and their observed promising magnetic and dielectric properties were presented in this manuscript. The formation of ((1-y) Bi0.8La0.2Fe0.92Cr0.08O3+(y) CoFe2O4, y=0.0. 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 1.0) nanocomposites with two different constituent phases was checked and assured by XRD. Further, FTIR was used for confirming the coexistence of two separate constituent phases within the investigated nanocomposite. HRTEM and FESEM were used for morphological and particle size determination. The coupling between the magnetic properties of the two parent phases was constructive and manifest enhancement in the magnetization. The composite dielectric properties introduced an enhancement manner; comparing with the dielectric properties of each individual phase of the composite. Also, the coupling in the dielectric properties as the result of composite structure procured to a growth in the dielectric properties comparing with the dielectric properties of each own phase of the composite. The composite at y=0.5, showed maximum and optimum coupling results appearing in the enhancement in magnetic properties were around 3 times more than that of single phase of BLFCO, whereas the dielectric parameters increased around 5 folds more that of BLFCO. The obtained results of the composite between BLFCO and CFO nominate this composite for potential and promising applications such as solar cell perovskite, efficient room temperature real time γ-radiation dosimetry, and solid oxide fuel cells.

Structure of photosphere under high resolution: granules, faculae, micropores, intergranular lanes

The fundamental small-scale structures such as granules, faculae, micropores that are observed in the solar photosphere under high resolution are discussed. As a separate constituent of the fine structure, a continuous net of dark intergranular lanes is considered. The results due to image processing of micropores and facular knots obtained on modern adaptive optics telescopes are presented. For intergranular lanes and micropores, a steady-state magnetic diffusion model is proposed, in which the horizontal-vertical plasma flows converging to a intergranular lane (and to the body of a micropore) compensate for the dissipative spreading of the magnetic flux at a given scale. A theoretical estimate of the characteristic scales of these structures in the photosphere is obtained as 20–30 km for the thickness of dark intergranular lanes (and the diameter of the thinnest magnetic tube in the solar photosphere), 200–400 km for the diameter of micropores. A model of a facular knot with the darkening core on the axis, which physically represents a micropore, stabilizing the entire magnetic configuration over a time interval of up to 1 day, is briefly described.

An integrated approach for global profiling of multi-type constituents: Comprehensive chemical characterization of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos as a case study

To fully capture the chemo-diversity of medicinal plants is very essential for understanding of their pharmacological activities and guiding scientific quality control. Aiming to facilitate chemical characterization and novel natural products discovery, the present study proposed an integrated approach based on two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (2D LC/Q-Orbitrap MS). An offline comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) LC system was constructed to cover and separate multi-type constituents by combining hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and conventional reversed phase C18. A two-step mass defect filtering-induced exclusion list-data dependent acquisition was developed to increase MS/MS coverage and selectivity. Additionally, an efficient interpretation strategy, combining an automatic matching algorithm and molecular networking (MN), was introduced for rapid recognition of known compounds and efficient elucidation of unreported ones. As a case study, the integrated approach was tentatively applied for comprehensive characterization of complex multi-type components in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF), a traditional Chinese medicine. Consequently, a total of 537 compounds were characterized from LJF, including a large number of potential novel structures. It was demonstrated that the integrated approach is powerful in deep investigation on chemical diversity of medicinal plants and discovery of novel structures. Its application could also be extended for global profiling of other complicated chemical systems, such as Chinese medicinal formulas.