Sentence Structure Research Articles

The impact of native language utilization on sentence structure and pattern learning

This study aimed to investigate the effect of utilizing learners' native language in the process of learning sentence structural slots and patterns. The sample consisted of 50 college students enrolled in the first level of an English Translation program. They study linguistic courses to enhance their English proficiency. The study employed two tests: a pre-test conducted after the explanation of sentence structures and patterns, and a post-test conducted after incorporating the use of the students' native language during the explanation process. The findings of the study revealed a significant impact of translation on the overall performance of the students. The utilization of the native language demonstrated a substantial effect on sentences with optional slots and simple slots. However, the effect was comparatively lower for sentences with compound slots. The results suggest that incorporating the learners' native language in the learning process can enhance their understanding and acquisition of sentence structures and patterns. This finding aligns with the notion that utilizing familiar linguistic resources can facilitate comprehension and retention of new language concepts (Omidire and Ayob, 2020). The implications of this study highlight the potential benefits of incorporating translation techniques in language instruction.

Ecuadorian Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of the Challenges Faced When Writing Persuasive Essays

Objective: This study aimed to identify undergraduate polytechnic students’ perceptions of the challenges they face when writing persuasive essays in their English classes. Methods: This research followed a quantitative design utilizing SPSS V.20 to conduct factor and descriptive analysis to answer the three research questions established. One hundred and thirteen students who enrolled in one of the last English courses taught at the university participated in the study. Data were collected using a researcher-designed five-point Likert-scale survey. Results: Data were treated with Factor Analysis to determine the challenges students face when writing persuasive essays. Principal component analysis was used for data reduction, and five dimensions were identified, “Introduction”, “Body Paragraphs”, “Conclusion”, “Sentence Structure”, and “Communicative Achievement”. The top five issues that polytechnic undergraduate students deal with are issues with word order, forgetting to write the call-to-action, not using adequate formality all the time in their sentences, failing to write the claim in the thesis statement, and writing topic sentences that are not related to the thesis statement. Also, the dimension that causes more challenges overall is “Body paragraphs”. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the literature in the following senses. Students recognized that writing their topic sentences usually takes a long time. Also, participants claimed that forgetting to write the call-to-action is a challenge they face when writing their essays. Another issue determined in this paper that contributes to the existing literature regards the poor skills students have in summarizing the essay’s contents when they write the conclusion of their papers. The last addition this paper makes to the literature is that “Body Paragraphs” has been established as the factor that learners believe is the hardest for them to cope with when writing a persuasive essay.

THE DEGREE OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACADEMIC ASSESSMENT PROCESSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PALESTINE

Objectives: This research aims to analyze and evaluate the content generated by ChatGPT technology regarding the use of this tool by graduate students in assessment processes. It also seeks to identify the extent to which these technologies can provide accurate and unbiased analysis, understand how ChatGPT processes information provided to stakeholders, and identify the differences and similarities in ChatGPT’ s responses when dealing with the same information and data provided to it at different times. Methodology: A qualitative research approach was adopted using a qualitative content analysis of the responses provided by the ChatGPT technology. The researcher directed basic standardized questions - using the same wording - about the criteria for creating a good introduction to scientific research, through the responses of four students with three attempts at different times. Thus, the questions were directed to the ChatGPT tool, resulting in 12 responses for each topic, for a total of 24 responses. Results: The results indicated that ChatGPT responses provide similar content in answers about recurring topics on the same question at different times, but the differences appear in the details, phrasing, sentence structure, and choice of words, while keeping the basic content constant. The results also indicated that ChatGPT can provide some differences that are specifically modified when other clarifying questions are asked. On the other hand, the results showed that the researcher's introduction prepared without using the ChatGPT tool is more accurate and comprehensive in the elements and criteria of a good scientific introduction, while ChatGPT responses are considered the gateway that enables the exploration and immersion of main ideas. Conclusion: The researcher recommends the necessity of

ADDRESSES TO WOMEN IN KOREAN AND UZBEK FAMILIES

Korean and Uzbek languages belong to the same language family. Therefore, many similarities in sentence structure and references in both languages can be studied and interpreted. In this article, references used in the Korean and Uzbek discourses against women in the family are considered and analyzed. In particular, the similarities and differences of appeals, translation, are explained with the help of examples.

A PRAGMATICALLY ORIENTED APPROACH TO GENERATIVE LINGUISTICS

The annotated paper examines the possibility of creating an original grammatical system when teaching a new language. The pragmatic approach to generative linguistics was the methodology of language acquisition using a unified model of the Russian sentence. The article discusses algorithms of sentence modelling at two levels: external and internal, based on the theories of N.Chomsky and L.Teniers. The external level includes the construction of a unified sentence structure from the deep structure to the surface structure according to N.Chomsky. And the internal level includes the structural correlation of model elements as the content of the unified sentence structure itself -according to L.Tenier. The theories of N.Chomsky and L.Teniers defined all models as a union of components and reflected in the same models the relations of hierarchy between the components. The study demonstrates a way of teaching foreign speakers the language with the help of the author’s theory of algorithmic syntax.

ANALISIS SOAL TES KOMPETENSI KEBAHASAAN PADA PENILAIAN TENGAH SEMESTER BAHASA ARAB SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>The knowledge aspects of Arabic language by an Arabic learner have a positive correlation with their Arabic language skills. A competent person of these aspects of Arabic language can be tested through language competence test which includes grammatical test and vocabulary test. The purpose of this research is to find out the characteristics of language tests on midterm assessment questions (PTS) Arabic subjects of grade IX students of Junior High School (SMP) Innovative School Cianjur for the 2023-2024 academic year. This research is a descriptive qualitative type, with document review as a data collection technique, then the data obtained will be analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and verification. The results showed that: 1) The form of Arabic competency test on PTS questions for grade IX students of SMP Innovative School Cianjur for the 2023-2024 academic year, includes sentence structure test, morphological structure test without text, vocabulary comprehension test in text and without text, and vocabulary storage test in text, with multiple-choice question forms and essay. 2) The Arabic language competency test on PTS questions for grade IX students of SMP Innovative School Cianjur for the 2023-2024 academic year is quite good when viewed from the contextuality of the content because it has minimized discrete tests even though it is still in simple text and question form.</em></p>

English Lexical Borrowing in Filipino: Morphophonological Adaptation of English Lexemes and Loanwords

English has profoundly influenced the Philippine language through the assimilation of source language words into the recipient language. This linguistic exchange, influenced by historical and cultural contacts, has resulted in a notable transformation of linguistic aspects in the Philippines. Over time, English has seamlessly been incorporated into the Filipino language, highlighting a notable process of linguistic exchange. This study specifically delved into the morphological and phonological adaptations of English loanwords in Filipino, examining nuances and shifts in linguistic structure and meaning during the borrowing process through purposive sampling. Qualitative research methods and content analysis were employed, focusing on loanwords extracted from Bob Ong’s novels as a linguistic corpus, delving into the process of incorporating English loanwords into the Filipino language, exploring how this integration instigates a transformation to align with the grammatical and linguistic structure of the target language, and revealing notable morphophonological adaptations and semantic shifts that occur during the borrowing process. Inflections of English lexemes, complemented with Filipino morphemes, were observed, along with modifications to phonological rules, phonotactic constraints, morphemes, and shifts in semantic meaning. The analysis revealed an overall change in the morphophonological structure of phrases and sentences within the corpus. This research underscores the impact of cultural and contextual factors on the adaptation of English loanwords into Filipino, emphasizing specific patterns or structures in the vocabulary borrowing process tailored to the target language. This study contributes valuable insights for linguistic researchers, educators, and language enthusiasts interested in tracing language development and evolution through borrowing and adaptation.

The Effect of Task-based Elementary School Students’ Sentence Construction Learning Using Artificial Intelligence and Corpora

This study investigates the efficacy of task-based sentence construction learning utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and corpora among sixth-grade students in elementary education. The investigation is centered on enhancing students' proficiency in sentence construction ability, employing a structured six-step approach tailored to English language lessons for sixth graders. These steps encompass sentence preparation, practice, discovery, application, consolidation, and expansion. Each stage incorporates specific pedagogical tools: AIPengTalk for practice, corpora for discovery, task-based activities for application, and Dictogloss exercises for expansion. The findings of this study indicate several significant outcomes. Firstly, task-based sentence learning leveraging AI and corpora demonstrates effectiveness in augmenting students' proficiency in English sentence learning. The six-step approach facilitates a comprehensive and thorough exploration of sentence construction, leading to increased fluency and versatility in the utilization of English sentences. Secondly, the impact of task-based sentence learning utilizing AI and corpora extends across students of varying proficiency levels, including upper, middle, and lower achievers. Remarkably, the greatest improvement is observed among lower-level students, followed by middle-level students, while upper-level students exhibit comparatively lesser advancement. This suggests that task-based approaches are particularly advantageous for learners with moderate to lower proficiency levels, aiding in their acquisition of sentence composition skills. Notably, activities focusing on sentence construction contribute significantly to enhancing both fluency and accuracy, particularly among middle- and lower-level learners. Thirdly, the overall student response to task-based sentence learning employing AI and corpora is predominantly positive. Many students express appreciation for the integration of innovative teaching and learning methodologies, such as AI-PengTalk, corpora analysis, task-based activities, and Dictogloss exercises, citing their effectiveness in consolidating their English language skills. This study holds significance in its exploration of integrating sentence structure learning within the elementary school English curriculum, with a distinct emphasis on communicative functions, and its subsequent application within classroom settings.

Usability of ChatGPT in the english essay writing proficiency of the BEED students

The advancement of AI technology, especially in language processing systems like ChatGPT, creates opportunities for students to elevate their writing skills. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the usability of ChatGPT and the English essay writing proficiency of the BEED students. The study utilized a descriptive correlational design to investigate the relationship. A sample of 58 participants was selected to write an essay with the assistance of ChatGPT. Researchers developed and employed a rubric to assess the quality and ethical use of ChatGPT. Then, the participants answered the USE questionnaire to measure their perceived usability of ChatGPT. The result revealed that BEED students perceived ChatGPT as beneficial in enhancing their essays and found the system easy to use, and learn, and provided satisfying results. The participants also expressed a strong sense of contentment regarding using ChatGPT. The essay writing proficiency assessment revealed that BEED students were proficient writers. However, a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.042 showed a statistically significant but very weak relationship observed between ChatGPT usability and English essay writing proficiency levels. It can be concluded that ChatGPT may improve students' essay writing proficiency to a minimal extent. Moreover, this study recommended further research to explore ChatGPT's use in other academic outputs, refine the rubrics to include vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure criteria, and provide training for effective AI tool management among students. Also, policymakers should establish clear policies and guidelines to ensure the responsible and ethical use of ChatGPT, maintaining academic integrity and enhancing writing proficiency.

Phonological Variation in Hawrami subDialect of Kurdish Language

This paper is entitled (Phonological Changes in Hawrami Dialect (A Current Descriptive Study)). It is to identify the phonological changes that occur in the sounds of everyday words and terms of speakers of different classes of this dialect, in the different environments of their appearance in the structure of morphemes and words. It also identifies the characteristics and causes of these changes and analyzes the laws that occur in these sound changes. With the classification of the types of changes and the most important structural changes, such as compatibility (complete and incomplete), incompatibility, fall, sound formation, sound change, displacement, sound separation. Also point out the causes of their occurrence such as (gravey noise, obesity, bilibials, palatal, vocal cords and place of articulation, etc). with their place of articulation at the beginning or middle or end of words and their classification into consonants and vowels.In addition to the introduction, conclusions and sources, the research is divided into two parts: the first part consists of phonology and phonemes, rules of sentence structure, characteristics and causes of phonological changes. The second section discusses phonological changes and their types and identifies structural changes.

Analisis Terjemahan Q.S An-Naba’: 1-7 dalam Tafsir Bacaan Mulia Karya H.B. Jassin

Literature is believed to have a special appeal for the majority of people from all nations, including Arabs and Indonesians. The Al-Qur'an, which uses noble literature, was translated using literary language by H.B Jassin. His thoughts attract the attention of writers because they transmit literature to literature. This study aims to describe the verses of An-Naba from 1-7 in the perspective of the translation of the Noble Readings by H.B. Jassin. This study uses a descriptive analysis method without using statistical figures, the source of the research data is from Tafsir Noble Readings and Surah An-Naba. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Personality of H.B. Jassin who became his motivation to write the translation; 2) Ijmali and Tahlili methods are used to analyze and collect data; and 3) The language style of this Noble Reading translation is in the form of poetry, different from the translation of the Ministry of Religion. This translation of the Noble Readings does not change the meaning, meaning and content of the Qur'an at all, it's just that the difference is in the language style and sentence structure used by H.B. Jassin. H.B.'s goal Jassin wrote his translation solely to make the verses of the Qur'an very beautiful.

대학 영작문 교과목에서 자동번역기 활용법 개선을 위한 연구

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the perception of Korean university students regarding online automatic translators (ATs) and the effect of ATs on their learning of English writing. A total of 141 university freshmen students participated in the study by answering two sets of survey questionnaires and writing an English essay with the help of an AT. A method of using an AT during writing an essay was also developed in this study. The results show that students have been accustomed to using ATs, and most of them even frequently use ATs while doing writing assignments for their English classes at university. Students use ATs because they are satisfied with the speed and convenience of ATs, as well as their helpfulness in the use of vocabulary. Despite their frequent use of ATs, students commented that they are not able to judge the correctness of the translation results and had questions about the justification of its use. After conducting English composition using an AT while following the newly proposed method in this study, participants reported that they were helped to supplement the quality and content of the essay and also to learn vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. With the newly proposed method, they could write the first draft in English on their own, and then they took enough time to think deeply about their essay through the revision process using an AT. This study is meaningful in that ATs were confirmed to be effective as an educational tool rather than as a translator itself for students to learn English writing. Finally, this study suggests that various educational methods of using ATs should be devised for other fields of language learning and for other levels of students.

Correlation of language skills on UTBK subtest with students' productivity skills

Written language skills are highly needed by students as an effort to increase student productivity skills. Through the Indonesian language subtest on UTBK, participants are tested on language skills to improve productivity which is very beneficial for life. This research aims to describe the language skills on UTBK subtest, as well as the correlation between the language skills on UTBK Subtest and students’ productivity skills. This research uses a qualitative method since the data is processed using seven qualitative data processing steps. Data in this study was taken from 2024 UTBK prediction questions. Data analysis was carried out in two ways: content analysis of the questions tested in Indonesian language subtest, is PPU, PBM, and Indonesian literacy; and correlation analysis of language skills with students' productivity skills. This research shows that UTBK questions were divided into seven subtests. In the Indonesian language subtest, UTBK participants are given questions on how to write correctly and read meaningfully as an effort to improve their Indonesian language skills and Indonesian literacy. The criteria for good writing, refered to KBBI and PUEBI, means complete understanding of grammatical elements, word formation, sentence structure, word choice, also correct use of spelling and punctuation. Through UTBK, students' language skills will be trained because students have to prove their knowledge through writing, both fiction and scientific works. This ability requires intensive training so that goals of common interest can be achieved.

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE USAGE OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN THE ENGLISH WRITTEN COMPOSITIONS OF ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) LEARNERS

This qualitative research aimed to identify errors in the usage of cohesive devices in the English written compositions of Alternative Learning System (ALS) learners. Employing Corder's (1974) Error Analysis framework, the study identified error types and frequencies in compositions collected from three Tagum City secondary schools offering ALS programs. A comprehensive error analysis of the ALS learners' English written compositions revealed 126 errors concerning the usage of cohesive devices. The study finds selection errors (48 instances) most prevalent, indicating misuse of cohesive devices that do not accurately convey intended meaning or context. Learners also commit omission errors (30 instances), failing to use cohesive devices that are vital for linking ideas, and addition errors (26 instances), employing unnecessary or incorrect devices that disrupt sentence structure. Less frequent ordering errors (14 instances) involve misplaced devices leading to misinterpretations. These findings highlight the difficulty ALS learners face in using cohesive devices effectively to connect ideas within intended meaning and grammatical context of their written compositions. They underscore the critical need for targeted instructional strategies to address these challenges, aiming to enhance learners' knowledge and skills in utilizing cohesive devices. By mastering their use and application in writing, learners can improve the coherence, cohesion, and overall competence of their written English, ultimately enhancing their writing skills and language proficiency.

Language of Political Campaign: Unraveling the Linguistic Landscape in Billboard Advertisements

Billboard advertisements for legislative and senatorial campaigns are integral to the cityscape leading to the general elections, reflecting local political dynamics. This study examines the linguistic landscape in billboard advertisements for legislative and senator campaigns heading for the general election in Indonesia. A qualitative method was employed, gathering data from billboard advertisements across various city areas. Analysis was conducted on the language usage, stylistic features, word choice, sentence structure, and visual representations in these billboard advertisements. Findings indicate a variation in language usage, with standard Indonesian predominating but also a presence of local language mixtures. Stylistic features range from persuasive to informative, while word choice tends toward positively connotated terms. Sentence structures tend to be simple and direct, while visual representations emphasize the candidates and symbols reflecting political aspirations. These results depict candidates' complex communication strategies influencing voter opinions and attitudes. A profound understanding of this linguistic landscape is crucial for political observers and candidates to comprehend local political campaign dynamics and effective communication strategies. This study added a new dimension to understanding how political communication is manifested in public spaces. By focusing on billboards as an outdoor media, which often serves as a daily backdrop for many people, this study explores how language can effectively capture voters' attention and influence their political attitudes. Thus, this study is expected to significantly enrich the understanding of political linguistics and communication strategies in the context of election campaigns.

THE APPLICATION OF UNO CARD GAME TO IMPROVE MASTERY OF MATERIAL AL ‘ADAD AL MUFROD AL ‘ASHLI WA AT TARTIBI CLASS X MA BILINGUAL JUNWANGI KRIAN

There are 3 elements in learning Arabic, namely, sound elements (ashwat), vocabulary elements (mufradat) and sentence structure elements (tarkib) and all of them are regulated by Arabic grammar sciences such as, balaghah science, sharaf science, nahwu science. The science of nahwu studies the layout of sentences and the end of the harakat in a word. Some of the nahwu material, one of which is Al 'adad which is found in the discussion of isim or nouns. Based on observations made in class X MA Bilingual Junwangi Krian Sidoarjo, where Al 'adad material is usually taught in a traditional way, boring and lack of innovation, so that students often have difficulty understanding it, it is necessary to use the UNO card game media. The purpose of this study was to determine how the application and improvement of mastery of Al 'Adad Al Mufrod Al 'Ashli wa At Tartibi material by using UNO card game media. The research method used is classroom action research with data collection techniques including; tests, observations, interviews and documentation. The results showed that, first, the application of the UNO card game is guided by the teacher in a group of 5 students, the teacher explains the game procedure, and students start playing cards and give examples of sentences until the card runs out, for habituation, the game is done 2-3 times. Second, the use of UNO card game media can improve the mastery of Al 'Adad A l Mufrod Al ‘Ashli wa At Tartibi with student learning completeness which continues to increase from 50% to 100% and from a value that reaches KKM 85 only 20% to 90%. It can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of UNO card game media to improve mastery of the material Al 'Adad Al Mufrod Al 'Ashli wa At Tartibi.

An Error Analysis of Expository Essay Writing of English as Second Language (ESL) Undergraduate Learners in Pakistan

This study focuses on the expository essay writing of undergraduate of English as Second Language (ESL) learners in Pakistan. The study aims to identify the most common errors made by these students and analyze the reasons behind those. The study uses the quantitative method to conduct error analysis. To conduct error analysis, a sample of eight expository essays written by undergraduate second language learners of the selected college is analyzed, and the errors are identified and categorized. The data analysis identified the errors made by second language learners in expository essays, including grammatical, vocabulary, syntax and organization errors. The sample students also struggled with using the correct verb tense, forming proper sentence structure, or accurately using prepositions. The results of the study provided insights into the areas that need improvement in the learning of English as a second language in Pakistan, as well as the strategies to address the identified errors. Further research may include more areas of grammar.

Mekanisme Valensi Morfologis pada Verba Bahasa Indonesia

As a language with agglutinative morphology type, Indonesian has not shown serious firmness in various morphological cases, especially valency mechanism caused by morphology + verb process. To deeply dissect the valency mechanism, especially inflected verbs in Indonesian, a qualitative method with descriptive type is used with agih (distributional) method and direct element sharing technique to analyze the data. The results of this study show the existence of valency mechanisms in the form of inflected verbs in Indonesian, namely (1) valency increase in the causative morphological structure with {meN-kan} marker, (2) valency increase in the benefactive applicative structure with {di-kan} marker, (3) valency increase in the locative applicative structure with {meN-i} marker, (4) valency decrease in the ergative sentence structure with morphological cases {ter-}, {ke-an}, and {∅}. This study shows various valency mechanisms that are dominant in inflected verbs even though in some cases they appear in ergative forms that do not have markers.

Analysis of Phrases Based on their Forming Elements in the Film Langit Tak Selamanya Abu-Abu by Kemendikbud RI

The purpose of this study is to analyze the film "Langit Tak Selamanya Abu-Abu " based on its constituent elements on the sentence structure contained in the film's dialogue. This type and approach of research is qualitative/library research. The research data in this study is a phrase based on its constituent elements, while the source of the data is the film Langit Tak Forever Abu Karya Kemendikbud RI. Data collection techniques using documentation and data analysis techniques using content analysis The results of the study showed, in every dialogue delivered by the characters in the film " Langit Tak Selamanya Abu-Abu " which has a duration of 8 minutes 31 seconds, an analysis of Phrases based on their Constituent Elements can be found, namely 1) Endocentric Phrases, namely phrases that have distribution similarities with their constituent elements, in the film contains only 1 endocentric phrase, namely Attributive Endocentric Phrases, 2) Exocentric Phrases, which are phrases that have no distribution equation with other elements, in the film there are 2 exocentric phrases, namely Prepositional and Conjunctional Exocentric Phrases. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the analysis of phrases in the film " Langit Tak Selamanya Abu-Abu " based on its constituent elements, namely, found 8 data with a total of 48 phrases, with 30 attributive endocentric phrases, 15 conjunctional exocentric phrases, and 3 prepositional exocentric phrases.

Benefits of Open-Source Software and Scaffolded Model for ESL Students' Writing Skills

The present study aims to determine the student's enhancement of writing skills. In both the pre-test and post-test. The research adopted the qualitative method, and from that the results were derived. This study focused on 66 Bachelor of Technology students, who learn English as their second language. The results from the pre-test show that most of the students made mistakes in sentence structure, punctuation, and clarity. After the pre-test, the scaffolded model was used to improve the writing skills of students through Open-source software. In the post-test, the writing skills were enhanced with beneficial of having practice with open-source software and scaffolded models. In addition, it is recommended many methods are useful for enhancing writing skills which will help student enhance their writing skills and speaking skills which will be useful for teachers to teach on how to write.