Sentence Of Paragraph Research Articles

Correction to “Pressure-driven and ionosphere-driven modes of magnetospheric interchange instability”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Pressure-driven and ionosphere-driven modes of magnetospheric interchange instability’’ by A. Miura (Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A02224, doi:10.1029/2008JA013663, 2009), there were several printing errors in in-line and numbered equations. [2] In the third sentence in paragraph 18, the correct sentence should read ‘‘Therefore, r J? can change sign at the ionosphere according to the change of rB 1 and therefore r (Jkb) can also change sign at different places in the ionosphere.’’ [3] In the second term of the integrand of equation (21), dot products were mistakenly printed as vector products. The correct equation (21) should read

Correction to “Carbon sequestration due to the abandonment of agriculture in the former USSR since 1990”

[1] In the paper “Carbon sequestration due to the abandonment of agriculture in the former USSR since 1990” by N. Vuichard et al. (Global Biochemical Cycles, 22, GB4018, doi:10.1029/2008GB003212, 2008) the fourth sentence in paragraph 1 should read as follows: “The soil C balance and its input (net primary productivity) and output (heterotrophic respiration) fluxes is simulated in a spatially explicit manner with the process-driven natural vegetation/crop model ORCHIDE-STICS prescribed with successive area changes of abandoned croplands during the 1990s.” The second sentence in paragraph 3 should read as follows: “NBP is estimated using a spatially explicit modeling framework on the basis of the process-driven ecosystem model ORCHIDEE-STICS [Krinneret al., 2005].”

“Reject Aeneas, Accept Pius”: Selected Letters of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) (review)

Reviewed by: “Reject Aeneas, Accept Pius”: Selected Letters of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) Keith Sidwell “Reject Aeneas, Accept Pius”: Selected Letters of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II). Introduced and translated by Thomas M. IzbickiGerald ChristiansonPhilip Krey. (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. 2006. Pp. xvi, 435. $79.95. ISBN 978-0-813-21442-4.) One of the most mysterious and meteoric religious conversions of the early Renaissance is that of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, author of a famous and scurrilous story of adulterous love (The Two Lovers), father of (at least) two illegitimate children, bishop, cardinal, and pope. Equally enigmatic were his political shifts from committed conciliarist at Basel and neutrality with Emperor Frederick III to reconciliation with the pope whom Basel had tried to dethrone and fervent opposition to conciliar authority over the papacy. This selection from Aeneas’s Latin correspondence runs chronologically from 1432 and ends with two papal letters from 1459 and 1463. Each letter has a brief contextual note and short but helpful footnotes that resolve basic issues such as identities, dates, and historical and textual cruces. The excellent introduction provides a clear and well-documented account of Aeneas’s life and career. Historians without a command of Latin should be grateful to the translators for this primary material with its context so well articulated. There are, however, some drawbacks. First, the translations are difficult to comprehend, perhaps because the translators stick so closely to Aeneas’s Latin idiom. This often leads to obscurity, as in letter 6 (p. 76), where quantum cum [End Page 147] Deo fieri poterit is rendered “as far as could be done with God” (the meaning may perhaps be “as far as theological considerations will permit” or simply “as far as God wills us to do”). In letter 27 (p. 155), Nam quid prodest se ipsum affligere is presented as “For what is useful in afflicting oneself?” (a high-style version might be “For what is the profit in self-punishment?” versus a low-style rendition of “Why beat yourself up?”). Second, some serious errors exist, such as in letter 23. At p.138 tune an ego insaniam, ut Terentii verbis utamur is translated “(that you might see) whether I am insane, as we use the words of Terence.” The correct version should be “(that you might see) whether it is you or I who is raving, to use Terence’s words.” At p. 141 cum Christi verbo beatus Petrus ad ecclesiam remissus fuerit, tamquam ad superiorem atque ultimum tribunal is rendered “blessed Peter was told by Christ to tell the church as if it were a superior and final tribunal.” A more accurate rendering is “St. Peter on Christ’s command was referred back to the church as though to a superior [institution] and the ultimate court of appeal.” In letter 27 (p. 155), something has gone seriously awry with the first sentence of paragraph 4. Not only is duntaxat (“only”) translated as though it meant “while” (dum), but a whole clause has been omitted, resulting in the nonsensical “which I commend to you and your faith, as if my own life and my dear heart.” In letter 35 (p. 170), the editors adopt from Wolkan’s apparatus criticus the ms. reading rem concilii (see n. 414). They fail to see that Wolkan rejected this in favor of his own emendation concilium because the clause as transmitted has two objects and at least one subject is required. The reader will be misled by the quite impossible “so that this man . . . may promote the interest of the council,” when the more likely meaning (with Wolkan’s emendation) is “that the council may promote this man.” In letter 51 (p. 204), the translator has omitted a negative in the clause rendered “so that Tuscany should be without such splendour.” There are also misprints that might mislead. Letter 75 (p. 300) has “Powerful was powerful” instead of “Larissa was powerful”); at p. 313 is “conversed with me” instead of “conversed with men”; and at p. 314 is the startling “the land flowing with milk and money.” This book could have been improved by the participation of classical philologists, who...

Correction to “Latitudinal dependence of diapycnal diffusivity in the thermocline observed using a microstructure profiler”

[1] In the paper “Latitudinal dependence of diapycnal diffusivity in the thermocline observed using a microstructure profiler” by T. Hibiya et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L24602, doi:10.1029/2007GL032323) there were textual errors inadvertently overlooked during the production proofing process. [2] The second sentence in Paragraph 5 should read as follows. In the present study, we deployed the velocity microstructure profiler TurboMAP-D to a depth below the main thermocline at 53 locations in the interior Pacific Ocean between 53°N and 10°S (Figure 1). [3] Paragraph 9 should read as follows. Figure 3 shows the average diapycnal diffusivities over the depth range of ∼1000 m to ∼1600 m inferred from microstructure observations (hereinafter referred to as KρMSP) and those inferred by incorporating XCP data into Gregg's fine-scale parameterization [Gregg, 1989] (hereinafter referred to as KρPRM). [4] The third sentence of paragraph 10 should read as follows. The latitudinal distribution of KρMSP thus obtained from microstructure observations is in qualitative agreement with predictions based on parameterized estimates KρPRM at mid- and high-latitudes (poleward of 20°N) [Nagasawa et al., 2002; Hibiya and Nagasawa, 2004; Hibiya et al., 2006] and previous microstructure observations at low latitudes (equatorward of 20°N) [Gregg et al., 2003], although fine-scale parameterizations overestimate diapycnal diffusivities by a factor of 2–3. [5] The first sentence of paragraph 12 should read as follows. By deploying the un-tethered free-fall microstructure profiler called “TurboMAP-D” at 53 locations in the interior Pacific Ocean between 53°N and 10°S, we have examined the efficacy of the latitudinal dependence of diapycnal diffusivity in the main thermocline predicted based on parameterized estimates at mid- and high-latitudes [Nagasawa et al., 2002; Hibiya and Nagasawa, 2004; Hibiya et al., 2006] and previous microstructure observations at low-latitudes [Gregg et al., 2003]. [6] The second sentence of paragraph 13 should read as follows. One of the strong candidates that might make up for the deficiency of diapycnal mixing in the main thermocline is thought to be intense diapycnal mixing above abyssal rough bottom topography [Polzin et al., 1997; Ledwell et al., 2000]. [7] The pagination for Furuichi et al. [2005] was incorrect. The reference should read as follows.Furuichi, N., T. Hibiya, and Y. Niwa (2005), Bispectral analysis of energy transfer within the two-dimensional oceanic internal wave field, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35(11), 2104–2109. [8] Ledwell et al. [1993] reference should be replaced with the following reference.Ledwell, J. R., E. T. Montgomery, K. L. Polzin, L. C. St. Laurent, R. W. Schmitt, and J. M. Toole (2000), Evidence for enhanced mixing over rough topography in the abyssal ocean, Nature, 403, 179–182. [9] The journal in Munk [1966] reference was incorrect. The reference should read as follows.Munk, W. (1966), Abyssal recipes, Deep Sea Res., 13(4), 707–730.

Correction to “A chemical kinetic approach to estimate dynamic shear stress during the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake”

[1] In the paper ‘‘A chemical kinetic approach to estimate dynamic shear stress during the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake’’ by T. Hirono et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L19308, doi:10.1029/2007GL030743), the equation for estimation of dynamic shear stress, the calculations provided for stresses normal to the fault, and the resultant shear stresses and frictional coefficients were incorrect. [2] The fourth sentence of paragraph 1 should read as follows. [3] The dynamic shear stress during the Chi-Chi earthquake was deduced to be 1.37 MPa, and the frictional coefficient to be 0.03–0.08. [4] The second sentence of paragraph 11 including equation (9) should read as follows. [5] From equations (2), (4), (8), and f(a) = (1 a), a in the center of the fault zone (x = 0) is expressed as

Correction to “Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere”

[1] In the paper “Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere” by Q.-G. Zong et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L12105, doi:10.1029/2007GL029915, 2007), there was an error in the introduction of the local mean field-aligned (MFA) coordinate system. The first sentence of paragraph 6 should read as follows. [2] To analyze the wave properties, the magnetic field was projected to a local mean field-aligned (MFA) coordinate system [e.g., Takahashi et al., 1990], in which the n direction is parallel to the 15-minute sliding average magnetic field direction, its azimuthal direction (ϕ) anti-parallel to the vector product of the spacecraft position vector and the n vector, and its radial direction (r) completes the triad. [3] Also, the acknowledgements should read as follows. [4] The work is partly supported by NSFC project 40528005 and 40390512 and by Boston University subcontract GC194770NGA at UMass Lowell which is funded by NASA/GSFC grant NNG05GE90G.

Music to his antennae

There was an error published in [ J. Exp. Biol . 210(5) , v-a][1]. In the second sentence of paragraph 4, the author incorrectly attributed the discovery of the active adjustment of antennal vibrations to Joseph Jackson and Daniel Robert. In fact, it was Martin Gopfert and Daniel Robert that made

Correction to “Magnetic phases in hemo‐ilmenite: Insight from low‐velocity and high‐field Mössbauer spectroscopy”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Magnetic phases in hemo-ilmenite: Insight from low-velocity and high-field Mossbauer spectroscopy’’ by C. Frandsen et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L07306, doi:10.1029/2006GL029063, 2007), the subscripts in the second composition of the following sentence appeared incorrectly. The last sentence of paragraph six should read as follows: [2] ‘‘We find the approximate respective compositions of the host and the lamellae are Fe0.84Mg 2+ 0.14Ti 4+ 0.98Fe 3+

Erratum: Corrigendum: Evolving symbiosis—venture capital and biotechnology

Nature Biotechnology 21, 983–984 (2003) In the version initially published, citations for the following reference should have made at the penultimate sentence in paragraph 3 and the last sentence of paragraph 5: Stephen P. Galante. An Overview of the Venture Capital Industry & Emerging Changes, 21st Annual Venture Capital Institute, September 17–21, 1995.

The research and realization about automatic abstracting based on text clustering and natural language understanding

A method of realization of automatic abstracting based on text clustering and natural language understanding is explored, aimed at overcoming shortages of some current methods. The method makes use of text clustering and can realize automatic abstracting of multi-documents. The algorithm of twice word segmentation based on the title and first sentences in paragraphs is investigated. Its precision and recall is above 95 %. For a specific domain on plastics, an automatic abstracting system named TCAAS is implemented. The precision and recall of multi-document’s automatic abstracting is above 75%. Also, the experiments prove that it is feasible to use the method to develop a domain automatic abstracting system, which is valuable for further in-depth study.

Correction

HomeStrokeVol. 37, No. 9Correction Free AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBCorrection Originally published1 Sep 2006https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000241134.68270.79Stroke. 2006;37:2444This article corrects the followingAdditive Role of Plasma von Willebrand Factor Levels to Clinical Factors for Risk Stratification of Patients With Atrial FibrillationThe version of the article entitled “Additive Role of Plasma von Willebrand Factor Levels to Clinical Factors for Risk Stratification of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” by Lip et al that published online before print on August 3, 2006 (DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000236840.00467.84) required one correction. This correction was made to the version of the article printed in the September issue of the journal (Stroke. 2006; 37: 2294–2300) and in the current online version of the article. The correction is as follows:On page 5, column 2, in the Discussion section, the last sentence of paragraph 3, which begins with “Abnormal vWf levels have long been recognized… ”, should correctly read as “When vWf levels were analyzed according to the SPAF III risk stratification criteria, a statistically significant stepwise difference in levels was found.13” Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesAdditive Role of Plasma von Willebrand Factor Levels to Clinical Factors for Risk Stratification of Patients With Atrial FibrillationGregory Y.H. Lip, et al. Stroke. 2006;37:2294-2300 September 2006Vol 37, Issue 9 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000241134.68270.79 Originally publishedSeptember 1, 2006 PDF download Advertisement

텍스트의 언어적 난이도 측정 공식 비교 연구 - 초중고 교과서를 중심으로 -

본 연구는 언어적 난이도에 영향을 주는 요인들로 텍스트수준점수 측정공식을 구성하는 방법론이 초등학교 텍스트는 물론 중고등학교 텍스트까지 확장적용될 수 있는지 확인하고 텍스트가 확장됨에 따라 나타나는 새로운 특성을 설명할 수 있는 요인들을 규명하고자 한다. 초중고 텍스트 통합공식, 중고등학교 텍스트 전용공식, 초등학교 텍스트 전용공식을 구성하여 각 공식들의 특징을 비교한 결과 텍스트의 범위를 넓게 잡아 통합 공식을 구성하는 것보다는 소규모 집단으로 분리한 후 전용공식을 구성하는 것이 해당 집단의 특성을 잘 반영하는 우수한 공식을 도출할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 중고등학교 텍스트의 점수를 측정하려면 단락내문장수요인, 문장수단락수요인을 사용하고 초등학교 텍스트의 점수를 측정하려면 이형어절수요인, 이형어절수새어절출현비율요인을 사용하는 것이 효율적이었다.

Erratum: “What the Optical Recombination Lines Can Tell Us about the Broad‐Line Regions of Active Galactic Nuclei” (ApJ, 606, 749 [2004

An emission line flux ratio appearing in the Abstract and under point 6 of the Summary in x 5 was inadvertently inverted. In the Abstract the relevant sentence should state: ‘‘The broad H /H and H /He i flux ratios and the Balmer emission-line responsivity are observed to decrease from the line center to the line wings.’’ Under point 6 of the Summary in x 5 the relevant sentence should state: ‘‘Because the emissivities and responsivities of the optical recombination lines are anticorrelated with the incident continuum flux, observations that H /H and H /He i flux ratios and the Balmer line responsivity decrease from the core to the wings indicate that the BLR velocity field diminishes with increasing distance from the central continuum source.’’ This emission line flux ratio, H /He i k5876, is quoted in its correct form in x 3.6 and Figure 8, where it was discussed. In addition, two sentences within x 3.3 should be clarified as follows. About midway down paragraph 1, the sentence should read: ‘‘After positing that the UV continuum is more intimately connected to the driving ionizing continuum and accounting for the relation that they found between the k5100 and k1350 continuum bands (F5100 / F 1350), the relation / F UV resulted.’’ The second sentence of paragraph 5 should state: ‘‘As discussed in x 3.1, the low-state responsivity is higher in every case, and Figure 3 shows that the line’s radial responsivity and R shift to larger distances in higher continuum states.’’ Finally, we also note that the work cited in our paper as K. Horne (2004, in preparation) has been submitted and is anticipated to appear as Cackett, E. M., & Horne, K. (MNRAS, in press [2005]). None of these changes affects the results of the paper.

Erratum

Anthony Marcel, Christian Dobel, 2005 “Structured perceptual input imposes an egocentric frame of reference—pointing, imagery, and spatial self-consciousness” Perception 34 429 – 451 The last sentence of paragraph 3 on page 443 reads: (iv) “What is the angle between your arms or draw the shape made by your two arms”. It should read: (iv) “What is the angle between your arms? Or draw the shape made by your two arms.” The heading of column 6 of table 1 on page 444 reads: Number/total subjects showing confusion It should read: Number/total number of subjects showing confusion

Correction to “Relativistic electron pitch‐angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms”

[2] There was also an incorrect symbol in the second sentence of paragraph 8. The correct sentence appears below. [3] “We shall refer to the three illustrated wave bands, defined over the respective frequency ranges 0 < ω < < ω < and < ω < as the oxygen, helium, and hydrogen bands”.

Correction to “Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model’’ by Hong Liao, John H. Seinfeld, Peter J. Adams, and Loretta J. Mickley (Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D16207, doi:10.1029/2003JD004456, 2004), two corrections need to be made: [2] 1. There was an error with respect to the combined radiative forcing by ozone and aerosols presented in Table 8 and Figure 18 of Liao et al. [2004]. The last line in Table 8 should be replaced with the following correct forcings by ozone and all aerosols: 0.22 W m 2 at the top of atmosphere and 4.01 W m 2 at the surface. The correct version of Figure 18 is shown here. As a result of this correction, the last sentence in paragraph 80 should read as follows: ‘‘The combined global and annual average TOA and surface forcings are 0.22 W m 2 and 4.01 W m , respectively.’’ [3] 2. There was a typo in paragraph 34 of Liao et al. [2004]. Dust wet deposition was correct in Table 4 but was not correct in the text. The third and fourth sentences of the paragraph should read as follows: ‘‘Dry deposition is the major process for dust loss; dust dry deposition is 1490 Tg yr 1 and accounts for 84% of the total dust loss. Wet deposition is predicted to be 294 Tg yr .’’

Correction to “Water flux estimates in the central Mediterranean Sea from an inverse box model”

[1] In the paper “Water flux estimates in the central Mediterranean Sea from an inverse box model” by A. Vetrano et al. (J. Geophys. Res., 109, C01019, doi:10.1029/2003JC001903), typographical errors appeared in the following sentence in paragraph 63 in Appendix A: “There are N-K vectors Vi, I = K + 1, N and N-K vectors Ui, I = K + 1, N such that AVi = 0 and AUi = 0.” The corrected sentence is “There are N-K vectors Vi, I = K + 1, N and N-K vectors Ui, I = K + 1, N such that AVi = 0 and AUi = 0.” [2] In addition, multiple errors occurred in Tables 1 and 5. The corrected Tables 1 and 5 appear below.

Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome with corticosteroids: lack of benefit?

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory neuropathy thought to be due to an autoimmune disease that ought to respond to corticosteroid treatment. The puzzle is that it does not. In this issue of The Lancet, Rinske van Koningsveld and colleagues describe a high-quality trial in which 233 patients were randomised to receive intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg daily for 5 days or placebo, in addition to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. For the primary outcome measure, after 4 weeks, slightly more patients on the corticosteroid (68%) had improved one grade or more on a simple seven-point disability scale 1 Hughes RAC Newsom-Davis JM Perkin GD Pierce JM Controlled trial of prednisolone in acute polyneuropathy. Lancet. 1978; 2: 750-753 Summary PubMed Scopus (801) Google Scholar than patients on placebo (56%). This difference did not reach the significance level of p<0·03 required by the statistical design. After further analysis allowing for selected expected prognostic baseline variables, including age and disease severity, this result just reached statistical significance. However, the effect size was small and none of the secondary outcome measures were significantly different. Effect of methylprednisolone when added to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barré syndrome: randomised trialWe noted no significant difference between treatment with methylprednisolone and IVIg and IVIg alone. Because of the relevance of prognostic factors and the limited side-effects of methylprednisolone, the potential importance of combination treatment with the drug and IVIg, however, warrants further investigation. Full-Text PDF Department of ErrorHughes RAC. Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome with corticosteroids: lack of benefit? Lancet 2004; 363: 181—In this Commentary (Jan 17), the last sentence of paragraph two should have read: “Meta-analysis of the two intravenous methylprednisolone trials alone shows 0·17 (−0·06 to 0·39) more improvement in the corticosteroid than the placebo-treated patients, which is still not significant.” Full-Text PDF

Correction to “Interactions between sorption and biodegradation: Exploring bioavailability and pulsed nutrient injection efficiency”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Interactions between sorption and biodegradation: Exploring bioavailability and pulsed nutrient injection efficiency’’ by M. S. Phanikumar and David W. Hyndman (Water Resources Research, 39(5), 1122, doi:10.1029/2002WR001761, 2003), several corrections were not made to the final version of the paper. [2] In the fourth sentence of paragraph 9, the variable l should have been italic: ‘‘We assume that contaminant degradation is first-order and that the reactions are limited to an active treatment zone of length l.’’ [3] An error occurred in equation (3) and the following text. The correct equation and text are as follows.

Aphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Senecio (Asteraceae), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species — ERRATUM

On page 188, the first sentence of paragraph 6 should read as “Seneciobium americanum was described from eight winged females caught in yellow water traps in Malargüe (Mendoza).”