Sentence Completion Test Research Articles

Ценностные ориентации преступников-террористов

The article presents the research results of the values of persons who have committed terrorist crimes (N=124), in comparison with law-abiding citizens (N=80). In accordance with the concept of M. Rokeach, terminal and instrumental values are considered separately. The author’s version the sentence completion test was used with an original scheme of qualitative and quantitative data processing. Among the most significant differences in terminal values is the high importance of religious values for terrorist criminals. Significant differences in the frequency of mentioning among the instrumental values were observed in the quality of “fairness”. It was mostly used by criminals, and law-abiding persons mentioned “decency” more often.

Beier Sentence Completion Test Profiles of Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders

Background: Understanding adolescents' and emerging adults' psychiatric complaints and their relations with psychiatric disorders can be challenging. Beier Sentence Completion Test (BSCT), as a projective test, can be promising in this respect. However, relations between BSCT profiles and adolescent psychopathology are not well known. Aim: This study aimed to examine and compare BSCT profiles of adolescents and emerging adults with internalizing and externalizing disorders. As well as that, the relation of BSCT profiles with depression and anxiety scores was investigated. Objective: To achieve this aim, we retrospectively collected the hospital records of 300 adolescents and emerging adults (aged. 14-21) admitted to an Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Unit. Method: The psychiatric diagnosis of the patients was classified as Internalizing (n = 100) and Externalizing (n = 100) disorder groups; the control group (n = 100) consisted of adolescents and young adults without any psychiatric diagnosis. BSCT, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered on the first admission to all cases before psychiatric evaluation and treatment. BSCT total subfactor (positive, negative, neutral, and non-response) statement scores were compared between groups, and their correlations with BDI and BAI were investigated. Besides, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for estimating any diagnostic group differences, as well as bivariate logistic regression analyses for estimating BDI and BAI cutoff scores with models that included BSCT total subfactor statement scores. Results: It was revealed that lower positive and non-response statements were crucial for distinguishing externalizing and internalizing disorders and that positive and negative statements were correlated with depression and anxiety scores.In the multivariate regression model, these correlations were predictive only for the relationship between internalizing disorders group and low positive statement scores, not higher negative statement scores that can be associated with lack of positive emotional processing in this group. Also, nonresponse statement scores were found to be predictive for externalizing disorder groups. Similarly, BDI cut-off scores were predicted with low positive statement scores. Conclusion: BSCT profiles can be promising for understanding adolescents and emerging adults with internalizing and externalizing disorders. Lack of positive attributions to the self and other domains of life can be important for differentiating adolescent psychopathology.

Evaluating the Impact of Cochlear Implantation on Cognitive Function in Older Adults.

We hypothesize that treating hearing loss through cochlear implantation in older adults will improve cognitive function. Prospective, interventional study. Thirty-seven participants aged 65 years and older who met criteria for cochlear implantation were enrolled. Subjects underwent preoperative cognitive testing with a novel arrangement of standard neuropsychological tests, including tests of general cognition and mood (Mini-Mental Status Exam [MMSE]), tests of verbally based stimuli and responses (Digit Span, Stroop, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R], Hayling Sentence Completion), and comparable visually based tests (Spatial Span, d2 Test of Attention, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test [BVMT], Trails A and B). Testing was repeated 12 months postoperatively. One year postoperatively, subjects showed a statistically significant improvement in hearing and on the following tests of cognitive function: concentration performance of the d2 Test of Attention, Hayling Sentence Completion Test, HVLT-R (total and delayed recall), Spatial Span (backward), and Stroop Color Word Test. A subgroup analysis was performed comparing 13 participants with preoperative cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤ 24) to 24 participants with normal cognition (MMSE ≥ 25). In this subgroup analysis, a greater magnitude of improvement was seen in those with impaired cognition, with statistically significant improvement in Digit Span (scaled score), Stroop Word (T-score), Stroop Color-Word (residual and T-score), HVLT-R, and Hayling (overall). All verbally based test scores improved, and 75% of the visually based test scores improved. This study demonstrates the cognitive benefits of cochlear implantation in older adults 1 year after surgery. For older adults with cognitive impairment prior to cochlear implantation, the cognitive benefits were even greater than in subjects with normal cognition. 3, nonrandomized controlled cohort Laryngoscope, 132:S1-S15, 2022.

EXPLORING ALEXITHYMIA IN SOMATIZATION USING RORSCHACH PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS

It has been classically postulated that alexithymia is related to a pervasive inability of emotional recognition and expression. This leaves some individuals little choice but to somatise unprocessed emotions commonly caused by internal conflicts. The present study thus aimed to explore the nature of conflicts, controls and stress tolerance, affect, self-perception, and interpersonal perception and behavior in somatization patients with alexithymia. 30 individuals of both sexes and of the age range 20-50 years, diagnosed with somatization disorder and alexithymia, were purposively undertaken for the study. Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20, Sack’s Sentence Completion Test and the Rorschach Test – Exner’s Comprehensive System were used to screen for alexithymia, to measure conflicts and the other aforementioned domains respectively. Results revealed that conflicts related to self-concept, sex, and family were primarily present in this sample. Characteristic patterns of underlying vulnerabilities seemed to account for poor stress tolerance, affective complications, negative self-perception, and maladaptive interpersonal functioning. It is suggested that alexithymia and a tendency to develop conflicts in somatization are based on the foundation of certain fundamental personality predispositions. Identifying said personality patterns could aid in appropriate and effective goal-setting in psychotherapy, specific to this otherwise treatment-resistant patient population.

Clinical and psychological characteristics and targets for psychotherapy at atopic dermatitis patients

Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to evaluate levels of anxiety and depression in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), leading behavioral strategies for coping with stress and their correlation with the severity of dermatological symptoms in patients with AD, as well as the determination of psychotherapeutic targets for improving medical and mental health care for patients with AD.Subject or material and methods56 patients with atopic dermatitis and 60 healthy individuals in the control group were examined using the Beck Depression Inventory scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by C.D. Spielberger, The Coping Strategy Indicator by J.H. Amirkhan and projective technique the Sentence Completion Test. Dermatological assessment was performed using The SCORAD Index.ResultsThe AD patients significantly more often turned to “Avoidance strategy” rather than healthy subjects. Unlike healthy patients, those with AD used “Seeking social support” and “Problem solving” as coping techniques considerably less. Dermatosis severity positively correlated with the “Avoidance strategy”, state-trait anxiety scores and severity of depressive symptoms. Retrospective treatment success had a positive impact on reduction of depressive symptoms. Sacks and Levy’s method allowed to discover disturbance in relationships in patients with AD.DiscussionThe AD patients displayed significant difficulties that require psychotherapeutic correction within relations with the opposite sex (36%), with father (29%), guilt (39%) and regrets of untapped opportunities (43%).ConclusionsThe influence of AD on patients’ psychological state determines the necessity of psychological intervention including antianxiety therapy and correction of maladaptive behavioral strategies, as well as attitudes towards person’s relations with family, interpersonal communication and self-perception.

Meningkatkan keterampilan sosial pasien skizofrenia katatonik melalui social skill training

Social interaction in people with schizophrenia is a serious problem, because if it is not treated it will make the situation worse. This case study aims to improve social skills in people with schizophrenia using Social Skills Training. Psychological assessment using interviews, observation, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Graphic Test, and Sack’s Sentence Completion Test (SSCT). The subject is 18 year old male. The results of the intervention showchanges in the form of being able to say hello, introduce yourself first, interact with people around, and the subject is no longer in the room often.

Supportive Expressive Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Client with Burst Fractures Frankle - C

This article presents a case study of a client with burst fracture frankle-C. This client also has generalized anxiety disorder. Supportive expressive therapy was used as therapeutic intervention. A burst fracture is a type of traumatic spinal injury in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load. The psychological problems often experienced by persons with body disabilities, such as burst fracture francle-C. This is a quantitative research with a single client. While collecting the data, used interview methods (autoanamnesa and alloanamnesa), observation, and psychological tests (DAP, BAUM, BAI, and Sack’s Sentence Completion Test). The result before the practitioner gives the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the client’s anxiety is 20 (moderate anxiety), after intervention 15 (mild anxiety), and follow up 11 (mild anxiety). In addition, the client is also better able to understand his condition and the problems being faced. The catharsis process that has happened so far makes the client able to express what he feels and thinks so as to make the client feel the perceived burden is reduced. Clients can begin to open up to family members at home and conduct simple chats when parents are at home to reduce the habit of repression that was previously done. The technique and also the process of the therapeutic process along the therapy session will be discussed in detail.

PERSONAL VALUES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

This article presents the results of a research on the impact of the values system of personal attitudes and values of the individual to choose a profession, as well as subsequent impact of this choice on the social environment in general. For our work, we used the following methods: pedagogical experiment, test and other methods for determining values in the structure of the personality (Methodology M. Rokeach, Sack's Sentence Completion Test, projective test methods «Tree of values», «I-real / I-ideal»).During the experiment, we also turned to the method of interviewing students (last courses of bachelor's and master's degrees) and working professionals in the educational environment to determine the impact of personal values on professional competence.We were able to determine the features of professional activity understanding of the social development needs in the educational environment, its strengths and weaknesses for the formation of the social order of the state and the individual, as well as ways to improve the social environment on the basis of the proposed forms of work with the values of a future professional.

Exploring Rational and Non-rational Dimensions of Interpersonal Complexity

Contemporary models of psychosocial development include domains of development for interpersonal relations and cognitive complexity. Integrating these two domains to conceptualize interpersonal complexity is a useful construct for research purposes. Furthermore, the analysis of interpersonal complexity can benefit from approaching it from both rational and non-rational dimensions. The former can be done through Jane Loevinger’s conceptualization of adult ego development while the latter can be done through Gilbert Durand’s conceptualization of the Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary. Furthermore, the Washington University Sentence Completion Test is an empirically sound instrument to test the rational aspects of interpersonal complexity while the Archetypal Test of Nine Elements is an empirically sound instrument to test the non-rational elements of it. This article will conclude with research implications and applications of approaching interpersonal complexity from both the rational and non-rational dimensions.

Возрастная динамика социальной ситуации развития младших школьников в условиях инклюзивного образования

The article presents results of an empirical study of the age dynamics of the social situation of develop¬ment in primary school students in inclusive education. The study sample consisted of 328 children aged from 7 to 11, including 18 children with SEN, studying in two inclusive schools in Moscow. The hypothesis of the study was that the characteristics of the objective and subjective aspects of the social situation of chil¬dren’s development change in accordance with the two phases of primary school age. The characteristics of the social situation of the development of children were measured using the “Sociometry” method and two projective methods: “Color Test of Relationship” and “Sentence Completion Test”. The age dynamics is ob¬served in changes in the social position and the system of orienting images of primary school students. The significant differences between the distribution of sociometric statuses of students in inclusive classes and the age standard obtained in the conditions of traditional education were found. The results of the study reveal the specificity of elementary school students’ development in conditions of inclusive education.

VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENT YOUTH AS A FACTOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY IN THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

Introduction. The paper addresses the influence of modern mass media on the young audience and analyzes the main negative consequences of this influence. The research aims to examine the value orientations of student youth as a factor of psychological security in the information environment. Materials and methods. The empirical research applied quantitative and qualitative methods. The methods employed in the study are questionnaire-based survey, Schwartz Value Survey, and Sacks Sentence Completion Test. Statistical processing of the data obtained relied on the Fisher’s Angular Transform – the φ * criterion. Research results. The research identified two main types of motivation for the use of the media by students. The respondents were divided into two groups based on the predominance of one motivation type or another. The value orientations of representatives of two groups were studied. A definite difference was revealed in strategies for overcoming psychological discomfort in respondents with different motivations for using the media and different value orientations. Conclusion. The data obtained in this research allow studying value orientations as a factor of informational and psychological security of a person.

Social aspects of resources management through process of understanding the social representations

The main use of our study is to highlight the concept of resource management through process of deep understanding the social representations in our society in different situation. The study traced the main differences in the concept and social representation of the phenomenon of betrayal in two age samples. Methodology: Projective methods are the main: semi-structured interviews, modification of the Sentence Completion Test. To obtain information on the actual attitude to the phenomenon we conduct the survey. The texts processed content analysis method. Selected differences in social perceptions in the studied groups of different ages reflect the boundaries of the concept. The analysis of structural components shows the dynamics of social representations. Emotional and rational styles of behaviour in a social situation, typical for a middle-age group, have been singled out. Behavioural styles differ in average values of “possibility of betray”. Applications of this study: the results of the research are applicable both in training courses on the psychology of communication and in educational programs on forming a metacognitive assessment of the social situation. The show features of the actual attitude toward to social representations and possibility to analyse the main aspects of resources management.

TIME REFERENCE IN INDIRECT SPEECH IN RUSSIAN AS A NON-SOT LANGUAGE

TIME REFERENCE IN INDIRECT SPEECH IN RUSSIAN AS A NON-SOT LANGUAGE

Investigating early changes in cognitive ability in the cognitively healthy and early‐stage cognitively impaired older adult populations

AbstractBackgroundDecline in cognitive ability is well understood to occur due to advanced age and pathological impairment. However, not all affected aspects of cognitive ability deteriorate at the same rate (Petersen, RC, et al., 1997; Craik, FI, and Salthouse TA, 2000, 2008, 2011; Salthouse, TA, 2009, 2012).In this study, we research how executive function abilities (mental processes that regulate and control our cognition) differ between cognitively healthy older adults and individuals living with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Assessment was focused on four areas of executive functions dual‐tasking, inhibition, shifting and updating commonly utilised in everyday life (Miyake, A, et al., 2000; Alvarez, JA, and Emory, E, 2006; Suchy, Y, 2009; Baddeley, A., 2012). The aim is to better understand the nature and rate of deterioration as a means to aid in early detection and intervention for both conditions.MethodWe aim to assess approximately 30 cognitively healthy older adults, and a combination of 30 individuals living with MCI and early‐stage AD on four different aspects of executive functions, i.e. dual‐tasking, inhibition, shifting and updating. Two separate tasks will be utilised to measure each EF, dual‐tasking (the Test of Everyday Attention dual‐task telephone search subtest and Psychological Refractory Period paradigm task), inhibition (the Hayling Sentence Completion test and Stroop task), shifting (the Trail Making Test and a task switching test), and updating (the backward digit recall span test and a N‐back task).ResultData collection is ongoing.ConclusionWe predict better cognitive ability will be evident in the healthy older adult group, followed by the MCI and then the early‐stage AD groups. However, we expect dual‐tasking and updating ability to be most severely affected in individuals living with early‐stage AD and then shifting with inhibition showing most preservation.

Arabic version of the Hayling sentence completion test: scale validation, normative data and factors associated with executive functions in a sample of the Lebanese adults

BackgroundThis study was conducted for several reasons, primarily because of the lack of an Arabic version of the HSCT that could be beneficial in our clinical practice. Another reason is the need to find potential relationships between various factors with executive functions, especially problematic mobile phone use as suggested by many previous studies, since smartphones have become, nowadays, a daily companion of people from all generations. Thus, it is important to conduct this study in Lebanon to be adapted to the ideas, customs and social behavior of the Lebanese citizens. Hence, the objectives of the current study are to use the Arabic version of the HSCT in healthy community-dwelling Arabic-speaking adults in Lebanon, to check its validity compared to other versions of the test, as well as to identify risk factors that might affect the executive functions in these adults.MethodsBetween August–December 2019, 350 participants were randomly selected. The Arabic version of the HSCT, divided into automatic and inhibition conditions, was used; in each condition, participants’ response-time and number of errors committed were recorded.ResultsNone of the scale items was removed. For the automatic condition, response-time items converged over one factor (αCronbach = 0.905) and number of errors converged over seven factors (αCronbach = 0.334). For the inhibition condition, response-time converged over one factor (αCronbach = 0.943) and number of errors converged over four factors (αCronbach = 0.728). Using electricity as a heating method inside the house was significantly associated with a lower response-time, whereas higher problematic mobile phone use was associated with higher response-time. Using wood as a heating system inside the house and higher problematic mobile phone use were associated with higher number of errors, while using Arabian incense (bakhour) inside the house was associated with lower number of errors.ConclusionWe were able to set normative data for the HSCT Arabic version for use in the Lebanese population. Problematic mobile phone use was associated with lower inhibitory control in terms of response-time and errors number.

A Cross-Cultural Study of Happiness in Japanese, Finnish, and Mongolian Children: Analysis of the Sentence Completion Test

Children’s happiness is an important issue that needs to be addressed around the world; however, limited research has explored how children define happiness. In this study, we conducted a survey of elementary school children living in different countries and clarified the contextual definitions of happiness by a total of 842 children (Mean age = 11.01, SD = 1.05, effective rate = 97.34%) from Grades 4 to 6 living in Japan (n = 474), Mongolia (n = 121), and Finland (n = 247). We investigated the definition of children’s happiness using the stimulus sentence completion test. For Mongolian children, happiness was predominantly characterized by references to family relationships. For Finnish children, happiness appeared to be linked to autonomous involvement with things, personal achievement, and success. Furthermore, the happiness of Japanese children was largely characterized by pleasant versus unpleasant experiences. In addition, Japanese children often referred to “being scolded” and their happiness was not related to school success. Our findings concurred with the elements of Seligman’s (2012) concept of flourishing as a new criterion for judging well-being. It was also suggested that the dominant elements of happiness may differ depending on an individual’s country and culture.

فعالية برنامج علاجي انتقائي للحد من أعراض الوساوس والأفعال القهرية ( دراسة حالة )

فعالية برنامج علاجي انتقائي للحد من أعراض الوساوس والأفعال القهرية ( دراسة حالة )

Standardization and Study of Some Psychometric Properties of the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (Long-form) among the Iranian Students

Introduction and Objectives: The Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT) is one of the tools used to assess personality. Personality assessment helps to make decisions, diagnose, and choose the right treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the standardization of some psychometric properties of the WUSCT among Iranian students. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive survey study included 287 medical students who were studying in Tehran, Iran, in the academic year 2015. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater agreement were used to assess the reliability; moreover, the convergent validity was utilized to evaluate the construct validity of the WUSCT. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21). Results: The results of the present study indicated that the acceptable internal consistency of the WUSCT (P<0.001). Furthermore, the test re-test reliability of the WUSCT was determined at 0.86 (P<0.001). The correlation between the total scores of the two examiners was obtained at 0.88 (P <0.001). Moreover, the results of the convergent validity indicated the strongest correlation between ego development and ego strength (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the WUSCT had the appropriate and acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian society. Accordingly, this test can be an appropriate tool for measuring persona

SCT(Sentence Completion Test:文章完成法)の臨床的活用について

SCT(Sentence Completion Test:文章完成法)の臨床的活用について

When I Hear the Word Migrant... Research on Images and Stereotypes with Sentence Completion Technique

In 2016 I conducted a study on the images of migrants, interviewing 100 people living in a small Sicilian town. We used a tool that I created ad hoc , inspired by the Sentence Completion Test. Subjects were asked to complete 44 incomplete sentences. Here are some examples: About immigrants I like... , The ethnic groups I know are... , Immigrants think that we Italians are, Romanian women... , etc. The analysis can be carried out with both quantitative procedures– classifying the completions of each sentence – both qualitative, like in this investigation, interpreting protocol by protocol the completions of each subject also in the light of the same subject’s completions of the other sentences. The results obtained encourage us to consider the instrument used as valid: for the most part it does not offer pre-established meanings and it seems effective in detecting deeply internalized values. Two of the problems that have emerged regard the alarm about the danger of dissolving our culture and traditions, and the unpleasant impression of stubborn attitudes of isolation and the reluctance of foreigners to integrate in the context of acceptance. Regarding attitudes towards foreign women, it has emerged that Romanian women appear enterprising, strong, free, and ‘breadwinners’ – they deviate from the classic female model and therefore cause concern; unlike Muslim women, who are considered to be weak and submissive. As for the words to be used, what emerged suggests the term ‘migrant’ rather than ‘immigrant’ should be used because the former promotes empathy and identification. Moreover, the term ‘foreigner’ should be preferred to ‘non-EU national’ because the latter probably arouses a greater sense of foreignness and distance and therefore is a little more threatening.