Sensor Panel Research Articles

A Paper-Based Multiplexed Serological Test to Monitor Immunity against SARS-COV-2 Using Machine Learning.

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic and accelerated vaccine development to prevent the spread of the virus and control the disease. Given the sustained high infectivity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, there is an ongoing interest in developing COVID-19 serology tests to monitor population-level immunity. To address this critical need, we designed a paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay (xVFA) using five structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, detecting IgG and IgM antibodies to monitor changes in COVID-19 immunity levels. Our platform not only tracked longitudinal immunity levels but also categorized COVID-19 immunity into three groups: protected, unprotected, and infected, based on the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies. We operated two xVFAs in parallel to detect IgG and IgM antibodies using a total of 40 μL of human serum sample in <20 min per test. After the assay, images of the paper-based sensor panel were captured using a mobile phone-based custom-designed optical reader and then processed by a neural network-based serodiagnostic algorithm. The serodiagnostic algorithm was trained with 120 measurements/tests and 30 serum samples from 7 randomly selected individuals and was blindly tested with 31 serum samples from 8 different individuals, collected before vaccination as well as after vaccination or infection, achieving an accuracy of 89.5%. The competitive performance of the xVFA, along with its portability, cost-effectiveness, and rapid operation, makes it a promising computational point-of-care (POC) serology test for monitoring COVID-19 immunity, aiding in timely decisions on the administration of booster vaccines and general public health policies to protect vulnerable populations.

27‐1: A Low Noise 17” X17” IGZO X‐ray Sensor Panel

Recently the IGZO X‐ray TFT has been introduced in digital X‐ray detector (DXD) industry because of its superior TFT characteristic especially its low leakage current. In this work we successfully manufactured a 17”X17” IGZO X‐ray sensor panel which has low noise level. The TFT off leakage current is smaller than 0.5fA in TFT off region, as the result, it can reduce 65% noise level than a‐Si TFT X‐ray sensor panel. Finally we evaluate the stability of IGZO X‐ray sensor panel under X‐ray irradiation. By tuning the Vgl setting, we estimate our IGZO X‐ray sensor panel can survive after the X‐ray accumulation dosage 600Gy on IGZO TFT for medical image application.

Large-Scale Terahertz Sensor Array Module With Antenna-Coupled Microbolometers on Glass Substrate With Sigma–Delta ADC Readout ASIC

We describe the design, fabrication and demonstration of a terahertz sensor array module, designed to operate over 250-350GHz. The antenna coupled microbolometer was fabricated on a glass substrate with an integrated array of pixel switches and row multiplexing circuitry implemented with LTPS (Low Temperature PolySilicon) thin film transistors. While other microbolometer arrays have been reported for the upper Terahertz bands, we focus on lower frequencies where adequate semiconductor sources are available potentially enabling important medical and security applications. The devices were fabricated in a Gen 3.5 flat panel manufacturing facility implementing what we call Large Area MEMS Platform (LAMP) surface micromachining process, providing a path to low-cost manufacturing. Individual pixels were defined on a 0.7mm pitch across an array of 128x128 pixels in this first demonstration. Since flat panel fabrication capabilities use large, single-shot reticle masks and large glass substrates, physically larger arrays can be manufactured without mask stitching. An ROIC (readout integrated circuit) was demonstrated to support the THz sensor panel with 648 input channels, each providing an independent sigma delta ADC with excellent uniformity and 12 effective number of bits. An early demonstration of the sensor array is described, imaging a metallic knife hidden in a cardboard envelope.

Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of a Printed Ag Nanoparticle-Based Flexible Capacitive Sensor for Automotive IVI Bezel Display Applications.

Since printed capacitive sensors provide better sensing performance, they can be used in automotive bezel applications. It is necessary to fabricate such sensors and apply an optimization approach for choosing the optimal sensor pattern. In the present work, an effort was made to formulate interdigitated pattern-printed Silver (Ag) electrode flexible sensors and adopt the Taguchi Grey Relational (TGR)-based optimization approach to enhance the flexible sensor's panel for enhanced automobile infotainment applications. The optimization technique was performed to derive better design considerations and analyze the influence of the sensor's parameters on change in capacitance when touched and production cost. The fabricated flexible printed sensors can provide better sensing properties. A design pattern which integrates an overlap of 15 mm, an electrode line width of 0.8 mm, and an electrode gap 0.8 mm can produce a higher change in capacitance and achieve a lower weight. The overlap has a greater influence on sensor performance owing to its optimization of spatial interpolation.

Research on Sun-Oriented Spin-Stabilized Attitude Control of Micro/Nano Satellite Using Only Magnetic Control

Sun-oriented attitude control is one of the most important attitude control modes for most micro/nano satellites, which directly affects the on-orbit energy acquisition. Therefore, it is of great importance to use the simplest sensors and actuators and the most reliable algorithm to achieve sun-oriented attitude control. A sun-oriented spin-stabilized attitude control method for micro/nano satellites using only magnetic control is proposed in this paper, in which the control progress is divided into four phases: initial damping phase, sun-aligned phase, spin-up phase, and spin-stabilized phase. The influence of the shadow zone of the orbit, offset installation of sun sensor and solar panel, limitation of the field of view of the sun sensor, and environmental disturbance torques are all considered in the proposed method. The control performance is evaluated by numerical simulations, and the simulation results show that the proposed method is applicable to the satellite equipped with a sun sensor and a 3-axis magnetometer as attitude sensors and three magnetic torquers installed orthogonally as attitude actuators. The proposed method is applicable to most Earth-orbit satellites for which the geomagnetic field can provide sufficient attitude control torque.

2D Temperature Field Reconstruction Using Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and Machine-Learning Algorithms.

We present experimental results on the reconstruction of the 2D temperature field on the surface of a 250 × 250 mm sensor panel based on the distributed frequency shift measured by an optical backscatter reflectometer. A linear regression and a feed-forward neural network algorithm, trained by varying the temperature field and capturing thermal images of the panel, are used for the reconstruction. In this approach, we do not use any information about the exact trajectory of the fiber, material properties of the sensor panel, and a temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber. Mean absolute errors of 0.118 °C and 0.086 °C are achieved in the case of linear regression and feed-forward neural network, respectively.

PLASTIC: Pressure and location-based acoustic sensing touch interface using classification

A method is described for developing a pressure sensor panel that uses a single small electromechanical exciter, delivering a sawtooth wave, and a single sensor attached to a panel or structure. A trained classifier is able to recognize the pressure and location of a finger-sized object pressing on the panel based on the characteristics of the waveform detected at the sensor. The classification results of three experiments are reported: 55 virtual buttons on a panel, the pressure classification sensitivity of a single virtual button, and the location classification resolution of a tightly packed grid of points. All three experiments show excellent accuracy (99.7%, 85.2%, 96.0%, respectively) using a simple trained linear SVM classifier with a 70/30 training/validation data ratio, demonstrating that the PLASTIC method is an effective method for classifying the location and pressure of a touch on a panel or structure.

Estimate method research at working life of wireless sensor network nodes

Process deep research at disposable lithium sulfite chloride battery discharge characteristics and current-voltage characteristics when wireless sensor panel point working. Test the voltage-current time domain signal during the disposable lithium sulfite chloride battery discharge process and wireless sensor panel point working process through high precision power consume test instrument. Research and design one calculate method of wireless sensor panel point power consume. Build the estimate model for wireless sensor used battery power. Develop the wireless sensor network battery working life estimate and early warning method which based on the power consume calculate method of wireless sensor and wireless sensor used battery power estimate model, make users able to real time and accurately grasp all wireless sensor network panel point’s working life through this method, at the same time, can real time monitored whether battery of wireless sensor network panel points or the relate electric circuit of power supply exist problems, do well at wireless sensor panel point running and maintain works in advance. Finally, use high precision instrument process test and verify pulse voltage characteristics at wireless sensor panel point actual work which supply power by disposable lithium sulfite chloride battery, the test results are unanimous with theory research.

Electromagnetically Aware Design of Capacitive Touch Sensor Panel Electrodes for Antenna Integration

Modern electronic devices increasingly rely on efficient antenna integration strategies for supporting high-speed wireless connectivity. Especially for bezel-less displays, these antennas are generally placed underneath the touch sensor panel (TSP) where they interact strongly with the sensing electrodes. To overcome this problem, we engineer the shapes of these electrodes to facilitate the transmission of electromagnetic waves having frequency identical to the operating frequency of the integrated antenna. We thereby propose a new design methodology for TSP electrodes and demonstrate its advantages with respect to antenna integration. As an example, we present the design of a TSP that has a pass-band at 2.51GHz and 5.66GHz for TE polarization and 3.01GHz for TM polarization. We integrate a printed dipole antenna with the proposed as well as a standard TSP geometry, placing it right underneath rather than beside the panel. Comparing the radiation patterns at 2.5GHz, we show that the pattern is significantly different than its free-space one, when a standard TSP geometry is used. Yet, the proposed one leads to a pattern that is almost identical (improved by 3.93dB as compared to standard TSP) to that in free-space.

Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics &amp; Optoelectronics, 23 (1), P. 71-74 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo23.01.071 Pyroelectric USB-joulemeters of pulsed laser radiation V.B. Samoylov, L.V. Levash, O.A. Rosnovskiy, M.Yu. Vedula, V.S. Rad'ko Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 46, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine E-mail: samoylov@iop.kiev.ua Abstract. The general arrangement, principle of operation and basic parameters of pyroelectric USB-meters of energy of pulsed

Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics &amp; Optoelectronics, 23 (1), P. 71-74 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo23.01.071 Pyroelectric USB-joulemeters of pulsed laser radiation V.B. Samoylov, L.V. Levash, O.A. Rosnovskiy, M.Yu. Vedula, V.S. Rad'ko Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 46, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine E-mail: samoylov@iop.kiev.ua Abstract. The general arrangement, principle of operation and basic parameters of pyroelectric USB-meters of energy of pulsed

Systematic Design Optimization of Capacitive Touch Sensor Electrode Patterns

This paper presents a systematic methodology for the pattern optimization of the sensing electrodes of a capacitive touch sensor panel (TSP). The TSPs discussed in this paper are characterized by using a combination of quasielectrostatic and time-domain SPICE type circuit simulations. A TSP with an optimized electrode pattern is fabricated and measured and its predicted touch response is confirmed. Moreover, the transmission of electromagnetic waves through this surface has been characterized, to assess the potentially useful application of integrating antennas with it, identifying transmission bands around 5GHz.

Automatic Drip Irrigation using Solar Energy

The proper usage of water is essential in irrigation because of the shortage of water. The shortage of water is due to lack of rain and continuous supply of water for irrigation as a result lot of water got wasted. It is very much essential to manage the use of water efficiently. The main objective in this project is to watering crops automatically by monitoring soil moisture for supply water based on the requirement and to maintain the water level in the overhead tank. This system suits for all climatic conditions. This project proposed on the usage of automatic irrigation system based on Arduino board, soil moisture sensor, float switch and solar panel. This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and automatically switches the solenoid valve and the overhead water level is monitor by float switch sensor and the power the required for the entire system is generated by using the solar panel. It will automatically control the water level in the tank also. The Global system for mobile communication (GSM) module sends the message, whenever the valve is turn ON and OFF. This project is fully automatic to support farmers, provides water as required, deploys renewable energy, minimize man power, less space, low cost and user friendly.

Transparent Capacitive-Type Fingerprint Sensing Based on Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors

A highly transparent, capacitive-type fingerprint-sensing panel is demonstrated using an active sensor matrix based on zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). In particular, the ZnO TFTs are used in each pixel not only as select switches but also for pre-amplification of signals. Compared to the select switch scheme, the pre-amplifier scheme shows significantly enhanced signals. It produces clear $50\times 50$ size and 254 dpi fingerprint images, from which the minutia features are extracted. Furthermore, the sensor panel exhibits stable operations under the illumination of white light. This letter may open up potential applications of on-display transparent electronics that involve active circuits.

A Fast Simulation Methodology for Touch Sensor Panels: Formulation and Experimental Validation

This paper presents a novel approach for fast and efficient touch sensor panel modeling, combining electroquasistatic simulation with SPICE type circuit simulation and also presents a method of experimental validation. Touch sensor panel properties are governed by the mutual and self-capacitances of their traces, some of which are affected by touch. It will be shown that all relevant capacitances can be captured by electroquasistatic simulation of a small panel section and extrapolated for a larger size panel. Utilizing these capacitances, equivalent circuits for arbitrary size touch sensor panels, with and without touch, are extracted for simulation in any measurement or operational environment. As an application, derivation of an aggregate capacitance between two panel traces is performed utilizing the equivalent circuits. This parameter is readily measurable, providing a method of validation for simulation results. Its rate of change also provides a measure of the touch response of the panel. Simulation results for the rate of change of the aggregate capacitance are presented and compared to measurement.

Application of Wireless Sensor Network and RFID Monitoring System in Airport Logistics

To better regulate the airport cargo transportation, we presented the design of an airport logistics monitoring system based on WSN and RFID. The monitoring system is mainly composed of four modules: RFID system, wireless sensor monitoring network, communication network and remote monitoring terminal. Wireless sensors mainly include temperature sensors, humidity sensors and smoke sensors. The sensors can collect the environment data such as goods temperature, humidity and smoke and so on. The node sensor module is implemented in such a way that the sensor is connected to the node in a plug-in manner, that is, the sensors are integrated on a sensor panel and the sensor data is transferred through the standard I / O interface between the sensor panel and the node. The system can realize real-time tracking and positioning of airport cargo, collecting cargo information.

Transparent Fingerprint Sensor System for Large Flat Panel Display.

In this paper, we introduce a transparent fingerprint sensing system using a thin film transistor (TFT) sensor panel, based on a self-capacitive sensing scheme. An armorphousindium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFT sensor array and associated custom Read-Out IC (ROIC) are implemented for the system. The sensor panel has a 200 × 200 pixel array and each pixel size is as small as 50 μm × 50 μm. The ROIC uses only eight analog front-end (AFE) amplifier stages along with a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). To get the fingerprint image data from the sensor array, the ROIC senses a capacitance, which is formed by a cover glass material between a human finger and an electrode of each pixel of the sensor array. Three methods are reviewed for estimating the self-capacitance. The measurement result demonstrates that the transparent fingerprint sensor system has an ability to differentiate a human finger’s ridges and valleys through the fingerprint sensor array.

Sistem Atap Rumah Otomatis pada Smarthome dengan Menggunakan Arduino

Development of Smarthome system has many important contributions to make a comfortable house. One of the problems is how to keep the house comfortable without becoming moist and getting enough sunlight. In this study, the roof opening that can automatically provide the supply of sunlight using automated roof opener. Manual control of the tool is using smartphone application that communicates through a Bluetooth HC-05 module. This tool also uses an automatic controller with a raindrop sensor that automatically activated when the rain drops on the sensor panel. In addition, this system also integrates the automatic light-intensity sensor using LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). The result of whole system testing is automatic rooftop opener using Arduino Uno works perfectly as the design that the motor is able to be controlled by smartphone application using serial communication based on Bluetooth so that the rooftop can be opened and closed. Pembuka atap otomatis dikembangkan dengan mengunakan mikrokontroler Arduino uno. Kontrol manual dari alat ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi smartphone yang secara otomatis dan serial berkomunikasi dengan modul bluetooth HC-05. Alat ini juga menggunakan pengendali otomatis dengan sensor rintik hujan yang diaktifkan secara otomatis bila tetes hujan menyentuh panel sensor. Selain itu, sistem ini juga mengintegrasikan sensor cahaya intensitas otomatis menggunakan LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). Hasil pengujian sistem secara keseluruhan adalah pembuka atap otomatis menggunakan uno Arduino bekerja sempurna sebagai perencanaan bahwa motor ini mampu dikontrol oleh aplikasi smarthome dengan mengunakan komunikasi bluetooth, sehingga atap dapat terbuka dan tertutup pada titik tertentu.

Modeling and analysis of touch on flexible ultra-thin touch sensor panels for AMOLED displays employing finite element methods

The work employs the finite element method (FEM) to model the touch on the flexible ultra-thin touch sensor panel for analyzing touch characteristics and signals. Touch sensor panel readout circuits typically depend on touch signals to determine whether the touch sensor panel is touched or not. However, the ultra-thin touch sensor panel encountered a problem which cannot correctly recognize touch points on this type of touch sensor panel (TSP) on active-matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLED) displays since its electrical characteristics are different from the one of the conventional TSP. The modeling techniques for the flexible ultra-thin touch sensor panel on an AMOLED display is used to analyze touch signals from the influence of the thickness of top over layer of the flexible ultra-thin TSP and to observe the variations of mutual capacitance from touch on the flexible ultra-thin TSP. When the flexible ultra-thin touch sensor panel with the thickness of the top over layer less than the threshold thickness of the top over layer is on multi-touch, the phenomenon of the ghost points are generated. The simulation to find the threshold thickness of the top over layer based on the FEM model is conducted, and the simulation results show the top layer thickness should be larger than 107 µm to eliminate the ghost points. Furthermore, a new solution that is an optimization of the electrode pattern of transmitters and receivers in the ultra-thin touch sensor panel to further minimize the threshold thickness of the top over layer of TSP without changing the physical structure of TSP is proposed. The results conducted by using this proposed solution show that TSP top over layer threshold thickness can be reduced to 65 µm without appearance of the ghost points.

Dual-Axis Solar Tracker for Using in Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents a dual-axis solar tracker based on a real-time measurement of solar radiation. For this, Matlab-Simulink was used to perform the dynamic model of: solar radiation, electromechanical system and solar panel. The implementation of the solar tracker was performed using a digital controller that processes signals from radiation sensors and inertial measurement unit. The acquired data are contrasted with a mathematical algorithm to calculate sun’s position and set the control action to orient the panel. A real-time processing system with internal memory capacity was developed, which considers the relative position between the radiation sensor and solar panel to improve system efficiency. The obtained simulation results confirm the approach robustness. Preliminary results with the solar tracker show a maximum increase of 9.87% in the energy obtained from dual-axis solar panel compared with energy from a fixed panel optimally oriented. The tests were performed using two 200W solar panels operating simultaneously under the same climatic conditions.

An LCD-VCOM-Noise Resilient Mutual-Capacitive Touch-Sensor IC Chip With a Low-Voltage Driving Signal

A mutual-capacitive touch-sensor read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) with a differential sensing scheme is proposed to reduce the driving pulse amplitude of touch sensor panel (TSP) down to 0.4 V. This reduction is achieved by mitigating the effect of the liquid crystal display (LCD) common-voltage (VCOM) noise, which is time periodic. To accomplish this mitigation, the TSP driving pulse (VSTM) is synchronized to the gate-driver-pulse generating signal (GCLK) of LCD, and its frequency is set to (2n + 1) times the frequency of GCLK, where n is a non-negative integer. The repetition period TN of the VCOM noise is one half of the GCLK period. A receiver channel consists of a charge amplifier, a chopper, and an integrator; all are in differential circuits. The chopper is driven by the VSTM. The integration period of the integrator is set to 2T N to suppress the periodic LCD noise. A referenceless clock and data recovery circuit are used to generate VSTM from GCLK continuously with time in spite of the discontinuity of GCLK during the vertical blanking period. The proposed ROIC fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS was applied to a 6.9 in 12 × 16 TSP located on a rather noisy 23 in in-plane switching LCD monitor. The measured signal-to-noise ratio changes from 27 to 9 dB as the VSTM amplitude changes from 3.3 to 0.4 V, where the GCLK frequency is 16.8 kHz and the VSTM frequency is 352.8 kHz. The reporting rate of the ROIC is 175 Hz.