Sensitive Non-enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Research Articles

Highly sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide monitoring platform based on nanoporous gold via a modified solid-phase reaction method.

In this work, nanoporous gold (NPG) fabricated using a modified solid-phase reaction method was developed as an electrocatalyst for the nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The NPG morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The fabricated NPG exhibited a nanoporous framework with numerous structural defects. The NPG-based amperometric H2O2 sensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and low detection limit (0.3 μM) under near physiological conditions (pH = 7.4). The sensitivities of this sensor over concentration ranges of 0.002–5 mM and 5–37.5 mM were 159 and 64 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively. These results indicate that the developed NPG is a promising material for the electrochemical sensing of H2O2.

Design and fabrication of cost-effective and sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor using Co-doped δ-MnO2 flowers as electrode modifier.

The development of a cost-effective and highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor is of great importance. Electrochemical sensing is considered the most sensitive technique for hydrogen peroxide detection. Herein, we reported a cost-effective and highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor using Co-doped δ-MnO2 (Co@δ-MnO2) flower-modified screen-printed carbon electrode. The δ-MnO2 and Co@δ-MnO2 flowers were synthesized by employing a hydrothermal approach. Advanced techniques such as PXRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, UV, EDX, BET, and TEM were utilized to confirm the formation of δ-MnO2 and Co-doped δ-MnO2 flowers. The fabricated sensor exhibited an excellent detection limit (0.12μM) and sensitivity of 5.3μAμM-1cm-2.Graphical abstract.

Fabrication of Highly Sensitive Nonenzymatic Electrochemical H₂O₂ Sensor Based on Pt Nanoparticles Anchored Reduced Graphene Oxide.

A highly sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated using platinum nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (Pt/rGO) nanocomposite. The Pt/rGO nanocomposite was prepared by single-step chemical reduction method. Nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Screen printed electrodes (SPEs) were fabricated and the nanocomposite was cast on the working area of the SPE. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry demonstrated that the Pt/rGO/SPE displayed much higher electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 than the other modified electrodes. The sensor exhibited wide linear detection range (from 10 μM to 8 mM), very high sensitivity of 1848 μA mM-1 cm-2 and a lower limit of detection of 0.06 μM. The excellent performance of Pt/rGO/SPE sensor were attributed to the reduced graphene oxide being used as an effective matrix to load a number of Pt nanoparticles and the synergistic amplification effect of the two kinds of nanomaterials. Moreover, the sensor showed remarkable features such as good reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability, and selectivity.

Preparation of Partially Unzipped Carbon Nanotube/Ag (PUCNTs/Ag) Nanocomposite and Its Application for H₂O₂ Based Non-Enzymatic Sensor.

In the present work, the nanocomposite of the silver nanoparticles decorated partially unzipped carbon nanotubes (PUCNTs) (PUCNTs/Ag) was fabricated by in situ method, and its application as a sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was then explored correspondingly. The measurements of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum proved that the PUCNTs/Ag composite has been successfully prepared and the Ag nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of the PUCNTs and entered the inner of unzipped MWCNTs. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurement indicated that the PUCNTs/Ag nanocomposite showed the well-defined redox characteristics in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.5), and under the optimized experimental conditions, the current response of the as-obtained sensor towards electrochemical oxidation of H2O2 was linear with the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0.0419 mM to 87 mM (R = 0.997) in the solution of 0.1 M PBS (pH = 7.5) at the applied potential of 0 V. The detection limit was 1 μM with the sensitivity calculated as 1.115 × 103 μA · M-1 · cm-2 and the fast response achieved within 3 s. The constructed non-enzymatic sensor is one of the promising candidates due to it's good sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility.

Facile one-step electrochemical deposition of copper nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide as nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor

For several decades, hydrogen peroxide has exhibited to be an extremely significant analyte as an intermediate in several biological devices as well as in many industrial systems. A straightforward and novel one-step technique was employed to develop a sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor by simultaneous electrodeposition of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The electroreduction performance of the CuNPs-rGO for hydrogen peroxide detection was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (AMP) methods The CuNPs-rGO showed a synergistic effect of reduced graphene oxide and copper nanoparticles towards the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide, indicating high reduction current. At detection potential of −0.2V, the CuNPs-rGO sensor demonstrated a wide linear range up to 18mM with a detection limit of 0.601 mM (S/N=3). Furthermore, with addition of hydrogen peroxide, the sensor responded very quickly (<3s). The CuNPs-rGO presents high selectivity, sensitivity, stability and fast amperometric sensing towards hydrogen peroxide which makes it favorable for the development of non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor.

Evaluation of a new electrochemical sensor for selective detection of non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide based on hierarchical nanostructures of zirconium molybdate

The construction and characterization of selective and sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrochemical sensor based on sphere-like zirconium molybdate (ZrMo2O8) nanostructure are reported for the first time. The sphere-like ZrMo2O8 were prepared via a simple hydrothermal route followed by annealing process. The structural and morphological properties were investigated by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as XRD, Raman, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XPS analysis. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques. The obtained results displayed that the prepared ZrMo2O8 materials hold excellent-crystallinity, well-defined sphere-like formation and demonstrated superior electrochemical properties. Interestingly, the electrochemical H2O2 sensor was constructed based on ZrMo2O8 nanostructure on the glassy carbon electrode exhibited wide linear response ranges, good sensitivity and lower detection limit (LOD). The estimated sensitivity, wide linear ranges and LOD of the fabricated electrochemical sensor was 2.584μAμM−1cm−2, 0.05–523, 543–3053μM and 0.01μM respectively. The proposed sensor had excellent selectivity even in the presence of biologically co-interfering substances such as uric acid, dopamine, ascorbic acid and glucose. This effortless, fast, inexpensive technique for constructing a modified electrode is a gorgeous approach to the growth of new sensors.

Facile fabrication of Pt-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide for highly sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing

A new electrocatalyst, Pt-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite, was successfully synthesized by a facile, eco-friendly and controllable route. The morphological characterization of RGO/Pt-Ag NPs nanocomposite was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), respectively. And then, the RGO/Pt-Ag NPs nanocomposite was immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode to fabricate a novel and highly sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor. The electrochemical behaviors of the prepared sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The sensor showed excellent performance toward H2O2 with sensitivity as high as 699.6 μA mM−1cm−2 and 402.7 μA mM−1cm−2, wide linear range of 0.005–1.5mM and 1.5–7mM, and low detection limit of 0.04μM (S/N=3). Moreover, the prepared hydrogen peroxide sensor was applied to in real samples with satisfactory results. These excellent results indicate that the prepared RGO/Pt-Ag NPs nanocomposite has broad application prospect in the field of sensors.

Ni(II)-Based Metal-Organic Framework Anchored on Carbon Nanotubes for Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

Recently metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted more attention in developing new electrochemical sensors due to their unique properties such as crystalline ordered structures, tunable pore sizes, large surface areas, chemical tenability and thermal stability. However, the direct application of single component MOFs in electrochemistry is limited owing to their poor electronic conductivity and inferior electrocatalytic ability. Herein, Ni(II)-Based metal-organic framework (Ni(II)-MOFs) was successfully anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by in situ solvothermal method for the first time. In the as-prepared composites, 2∼3nm MOFs nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed on conducting CNTs allowed for the MOFs nanoparticles to be wired up to a current collector through the underlying conducting CNTs. As the electrode materials of an non-enzymatic H2O2 biosensor, the Ni(II)-MOFs/CNTs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance including a wide linear detection range from 0.01 to 51.6mmolL−1, low detection limit of 2.1μmolL−1 and very fast response of 2.5s for H2O2 sensing. Most importantly, the stability and conductivity of Ni(II)-based MOFs is far higher than that of pure MOFs.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Decorated on Graphene Sheets@Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites to Sensitize Gold Electrode for the Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Detection

A selective and sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrochemical sensor was fabricated. It was based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles decorated on core-shell structure graphene sheets@cerium oxide (GS@CeO2) nanocomposites sensitizing gold electrode (GE). The ZnO were homogenously decorated on the surface of GS@CeO2 nanocomposites via a facile solvothermal process. The X-ray powder diffractometer combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the compositions of hybrid nanomaterials. The Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the interfacial properties and morphologies of different electrodes, respectively. The electrochemical properties of electrochemical sensor were investigated by means of Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry (i-t curve) methods. After all experimental parameters were optimized, the GS@CeO2-ZnO hybrid nanomaterials modifying GE (GE|GS@CeO2-ZnO) showed a good performance toward the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. The wide linear detection range of CV peaks from 2.0 × 10−3 mM to 20.0 mM (R = 0.9981) and a low limit of detection of 1.1 × 10−3 mM (S/N = 3) were achieved. The proposed electrochemical sensor was simple, quick, stable and reliable to quantitative determination of H2O2 in contact lens care solutions.

A highly sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine electrochemical sensor based on 3D micro-snowflake architectures of α-Fe2O3

In the present work, well crystalline 3D micro-snowflake structured α-Fe2O3 has been successfully synthesized on a large scale via a simple hydrothermal reaction by hydrolysis of a K3Fe(CN)6 precursor.

A novel rapid synthesis of Fe2O3/graphene nanocomposite using ferrate(VI) and its application as a new kind of nanocomposite modified electrode as electrochemical sensor

In this study, a novel, simple and sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor was developed using reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. This nanocomposite was synthesized by reaction of sodium ferrate with graphene in alkaline media. This reaction completed in 5min and the products were stable and its deposition on the surface of electrode is investigated. It has been found the apparent charge transfer rate constant (ks) is 0.52 and transfer coefficient (α) is 0.61 for electron transfer between the modifier and glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemical behavior of this electrode and its ability to catalyze the electro-reduction of H2O2 has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at different experimental conditions. The analytical parameters showed the good ability of electrode as a sensor for H2O2 amperometric reduction.

Sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide based on a novel nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor: silver nanoparticles decorated on nanodiamonds

In the present work, we report the fabrication and application of a sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor, using a nanocomposite, based on the nanodiamonds (NDs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs/NDs). The AgNPs/NDs nanocomposite was prepared via a facile and efficient process. The field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were applied for characterization of the obtained nanocomposite. The electrochemical investigations have shown that the resulting AgNPs/NDs nanocomposite modified electrode has strong electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 reduction which is attributed to the NDs that promoted the formation, uniform distribution, and electrocatalytic activity of the AgNPs. In the optimum conditions, the linear response range of the constructed H2O2 sensor was from 0.1 to 34.0 µM at applied potential of −0.2 V with a detection limit of 0.01 μM (S/N = 3). Also, the proposed sensor showed high sensitivity of 1.59 × 106 µAM−1 and was applied to measure the concentration of H2O2 in real samples. These results indicate that the AgNPs/NDs nanocomposite with high conductivity and stability has a promising potential in electrochemical sensors development. Electroreduction of H2O2 on the AgNPs/NDs/GCE.

Facile Fabrication of Au Nanoparticles Immobilized on Polyaniline Nanofibers: High Sensitive Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

Facile Fabrication of Au Nanoparticles Immobilized on Polyaniline Nanofibers: High Sensitive Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

A sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Fe3O4–Fe2O3 nanocomposites

The Fe3O4–Fe2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by the co-precipitation method and followed by calcination process. The products were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The obtained Fe3O4–Fe2O3 nanocomposites were then applied to study the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in 0.01 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer medium. Then the Fe3O4–Fe2O3 nanocomposites were used as active electrode material of electrochemical sensors for H2O2 detection The detection sensitivity of the sensor was 20.325 μA mM −1 , and the detection limit was estimated to be about 0.2 mM.

Synthesis of Ag nanoparticle–carbon nanotube–reduced graphene oxide hybrids for highly sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection

AgNP–CNT–rGO hybrids were successfully prepared and such hybrids exhibited good sensing performance for electrochemical non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide.

A novel enzymatic glucose biosensor and sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on graphene and cobalt oxide nanoparticles composite modified glassy carbon electrode

In the present study, we have demonstrated the fabrication of novel enzymatic glucose biosensor using glucose oxidase (GOD) as a model enzyme which has been immobilized onto the graphene (GF) and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) composite modified electrode. The GF/Co3O4-NPs composite was prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. The GOD immobilized GF/Co3O4-NPs modified electrode shows a well defined redox behaviour indicating the reversible proton and electron transfer reaction of GOD. A heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Ks) of immobilized GOD has been calculated to be 3.52s−1 which is much higher than that of GOD immobilized GF supports. The fast electron transfer of GOD is attributed to the excellent biocompatibility of Co3O4-NPs and high conductivity of the GF. The fabricated glucose biosensor exhibits a wider linear response for glucose from 0.5mM to 16.5mM with the sensitivity of 13.52μAmM−1cm−2. In addition, a non-enzymatic H2O2 sensor has been further developed using GF/Co3O4-NPs composite modified electrode. The GF/Co3O4-NPs composite electrode shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 with the response time of <10s. The H2O2 response at GF/Co3O4-NPs composite modified electrode displays a linear response ranging from 0.2 to 211.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.06μM.

Synthesis of PtAu bimetallic nanoparticles on graphene–carbon nanotube hybrid nanomaterials for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor

PtAu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized on graphene sheets-multi walled carbon nanotubes (G-CNTs) hybrid nanomaterials via a simple one-step chemical co-reduction method in ethylene glycol (EG)–water system. The nanocomposites (PtAu/G-CNTs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then a sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated based on PtAu/G-CNTs nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The results of electrochemical experiments demonstrated that the sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H2O2. The sensor displayed a fast amperometric response time of less than 4s with linear detection range from 2.0 to 8561μM and a relatively low detection limit of 0.6μM (S/N=3). In addition, the sensor also showed good selectivity for H2O2 detection, long-term stability and reproducibility.

A sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on DNA–Cu2+ complex electrodeposition onto glassy carbon electrode

In this paper, DNA–Cu2+ complex was electrodeposited onto the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode, which fabricated a DNA–Cu2+/GC electrode sensor to detect H2O2 with nonenzyme. Cyclic voltammogram of DNA–Cu2+/GC electrode showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks for Cu2+/Cu+. Moreover, the electrodeposited DNA–Cu2+ complex exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior and good stability for the detection of H2O2. The effects of Cu2+ concentration, electrodeposition time and determination conditions such as pH value, applied potential on the current response of the DNA–Cu2+/GC electrode toward H2O2 were optimized to obtain the maximal sensitivity. The linear range for the detection of H2O2 is 8.0 × 10−7 M to 4.5 × 10−3 M with a high sensitivity of −40.25 μA mM−1, a low detection limit of 2.5 × 10−7 M and a fast response time of within 4 s. In addition, the sensor has good reproducibility and long-term stability and is interference free.