Sense Of Obligation Research Articles

Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions in Faith-Based Hospitals in Uganda: The Mediation Role of Organizational Commitment

This paper examines job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intentions among health workers in faith-based hospitals in Uganda. The study surveyed 125 nurses from three catholic faith-based hospitals. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that job satisfaction has a negative effect on turnover intentions, while affective and normative commitments partially mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Female gender, and organizational tenure— 3-9 years, each negatively contributes to turnover intentions, while Registered Comprehensive Nursing positively predicts turnover intentions. The importance of job satisfaction, emotional attachment, and a sense of obligation is emphasised, but the ambiguity and thus negative effect of Registered Comprehensive Nursing is noted.

The Community Matters: Finding the Source of the Radical Imagination of Black Women’s Political Ambition

ABSTRACT Previous literature on women and political ambition has shown that the ambition of potential candidates is often shaped by career paths that develop the kinds of skills useful for navigating the political environment. These studies often did not include the experiences of Black women who chose to run for office. Utilizing data from interviews with Black women elected officials across the country I offer that the key to making the decision to run for office is the unique socialization process of Black women. This process is shaped by generational examples of service, familial and community nurturing that encourages striving for excellence, and a sense of obligation to do work and not just hold a title. I find that though Black women at times initially doubt their ability to be successful in politics they often overcome these doubts as a result of encouragement by peers and community members who remind them of the skills they developed from their community and political work. They are also motivated to work to meet the needs of their communities. These experiences provide further understanding of how Black women purposefully engage within their communities and develop a standing that allows for their potential success as candidates.

Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy

For those with still-fresh memories of the commemorations surrounding the 500th anniversary of the Ninety-five Theses, the question may be: why more Luther, and why now? More precisely, why has Lyndal Roper—whose acclaimed 2016 work, Martin Luther: Renegade and Prophet, heralded the coming of this major Lutherjahr—returned to her subject in five short years? The answer lies precisely in this abundance of attention, scholarship and fellowship around the anniversary, and Roper’s own sense of obligation, amid these celebrations, ‘to confront the less comfortable sides of his legacy’ as well as her own ‘tendency to integrate Luther’s obstreperous qualities into a relatively positive assessment of his personality’ (p. 3). Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy thus offers a valuable example of re-evaluation and self-reflection from a pre-eminent scholar, alongside a set of immensely readable and compelling new analyses. Roper uses her deep wealth of knowledge...

Genesis of the category of obligation through the prism of political and legal views of philosophers of Ancient China

This article is a comprehensive study of the category of obligation in the philosophical and legal thought of Ancient China. The authors conclude that the most ancient sources of the history of ancient Chinese philosophy are dominated by a theocratic perception of the category of obligation, culminating in the emergence of classical Chinese philosophy, which offers a more rational understanding of this category.
 The first philosophical treatise to address the category of obligation is Shu Jing, but it does not reveal the nature of obligation, but lists the specific responsibilities of the state and officials in the organization of society. In this context, "obligation" serves as a principle, a maxim of moral and legal conduct.
 The article states that in Confucius, obligation is a component of morality and is determined by one's social status. According to Confucius, if the social elite does not have a sense of obligation, they can revolt, while the lower classes, if they do not have a sense of obligation, can commit robbery. Thus, the authors come to the conclusion that the observance of responsibilities is the key to public peace, according to Confucius.
 The study noted that the doctrine of responsibilities was gradually transformed from a general philosophical understanding into a political and legal one in order to effectively implement the latter in the practice of public administration. Followers of Confucius advocate a symbiosis of ritual and obligation, believing that they establish social order, and without them, human society could not exist. At the same time, the authors dwell on the philosophy of legism, whose representatives tried to form the institution of responsibilities as a legal category.

Supervisor Leadership and Subordinates’ Innovative Work Behaviors: Creating a Relational Context for Organizational Sustainability

Under turbulent environmental changes during the pandemic, organizational sustainability requires employees of all levels to perform innovative work behaviors in their daily jobs. Since virtual work environments could deteriorate the quality of collaborative interactions and interpersonal bonds among employees, organizations need to create more relation-focused contexts to trigger innovative behaviors from people. This study aims to explore the influence of supervisors’ relational leadership on the contexts in which subordinates are drawn to innovative work behaviors. Particularly, this study explains the process of this relationship by considering the psychological contract construct as the mediating variable, assuming that the social exchange between employees and the organization influences their decision to perform innovative behaviors. A total of 237 newcomers from a Korean conglomerate participated in the study, and surveys were conducted at two time points for the same participant to detect changes over time. The results showed that the perception of supervisors’ relational leadership was positively related to employees’ performance in innovative work behaviors over time. This relationship was partially mediated by an individual’s perception of employee promises, implying that a sense of obligation towards the organization could be an essential condition for innovative work behaviors. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Creating a Productive Culture: The Role of the Reviewer

This editorial explores relationships between reviewers and authors within the Mathematics Teacher Educator community and provides reasons why and ideas for how to write a strong review. Why take on the role of reviewer? That is a question we have asked ourselves as we generate emails asking our peers to do just that. Why do we spend our time reviewing other people’s work? Perhaps we have a sense of obligation, a sense of fairness or duty: “Others have reviewed my work; I need to put in my time." This, perhaps, draws us in. But, from there, we hope many of you find there is something more, something special, in the process.

Older patients’ perspectives on participating in multimodal rehabilitation including anabolic steroids following hip fracture: a qualitative study embedded within a pilot RCT

Purpose To explore patient perspectives of participating in a pilot RCT evaluating feasibility and effect of anabolic steroid, physiotherapy and nutritional supplement following hip fracture. Methods Semi-structured telephone-based interviews of 16 women and three men (average age 73 years) were conducted at baseline and after a 12-week intervention. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Results Two main categories were identified: (1) Trust and hope for a positive change with three sub-categories; reflections on anabolic steroids, anticipation of extra attention, lack of energy. (2) Curiosity, care, and commitment with four sub-categories; a sense of anabolic steroids, feeling of exclusivity and privileges, challenges and sense of obligation, and perspectives on personal gain. Conclusions Findings suggest high acceptability of the intervention. Participants motivated their participation on a trust that the intervention would “do more good than harm”. They found the randomization and possibility of receiving anabolic steroids intriguing, and especially valued trial participation because of their experience of getting extra care and “deluxe” rehabilitation including close contact and support by health professionals. Our findings may help inform future research recruiting older patients and generally considered relevant for health professionals in rehabilitation, emphasizing the impact of professional guidance and social support to encourage self-efficacy. Implications for rehabilitation With muscle enhancing medicine being suggested as a supplement in rehabilitation following hip fracture, exploring patients’ perspectives is warranted and may help inform future trials in this area. Factors reported as important by older adults for engaging in rehabilitation trials are: simple but thorough information, friendly and trustful relation with study staff and opportunities of extra care and attention. Older patients with hip fracture highly valued professional guidance and support by health professionals during the rehabilitation intervention. High acceptability was identified for the supervised outpatient rehabilitation, where especially the individually structured progressive strength training was highlighted as the “active ingredient” accelerating recovery and potentially promoted self-efficacy.

The Experience of Citizenship and Acculturation Among Slavic Migrants in Poland

This paper presents an excerpt from the results of research on the relationship between the experience of the legal and institutional environment by long-term Slavic migrants living in Poland and their acculturation process. It concentrates on the experience of citizenship and its connection to acculturation processes. Template analysis (TA) was conducted on data from (A) five in-depth expert interviews with migration professionals, (B) 20 biographical and narrative interviews with migrants from European Slavic countries who came to Poland between 1989 and 2010, and (C) legal and policy documents. The findings provide information about (A) migrants’perceived irrelevance of citizenship, (B) their perceived importance of citizenship, (C) the presence of formal and informal barriers to accessing citizenship status, and (D) the sense of obligation that citizenship evokes. The research argues that it is unjustified to treat citizenship uncritically as the main indicator of the effects of the acculturation process or only as an instrument that inevitably supports this process.

Is Gaining Affective Commitment the Missing Strategy for Successful Change Management in Healthcare?

Despite the requirement for continual change and development, change failure is omnipresent in health care, ranging from small technical errors within new systems, processes or technologies, through to breakdowns and large-scale disaster. Despite decades of research investment, consultancy and initiatives, creating a healthcare context that promotes clinician engagement with change remains elusive, with limited demonstrated progress. Affective commitment to change refers to commitment that is driven by a desire to support change based on its perceived benefits or value, as opposed to commitment that is based on a sense of obligation or the minimization of costs. Recent evidence from health-care contexts indicates that affective commitment to change drives change readiness more so than the individual’s self-efficacy for dealing with the change. Considering evidence regarding the effect of affective commitment to change on individual and collective change readiness among health-care staff, we may need to reorient our current strategies for managing change. We explore the opportunities to enhance affective commitment to change and, in turn, change readiness through adopting values-based approaches to designing and executing change proposals with clinicians and service users.

The Effect of the OCB Gap on Task Performance with the Moderating Role of Task Interdependence

Using the social exchange theory and the social cognitive perspective in group dynamics, this study seeks to examine how different individuals in the degree of engagement in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among members of a team (i.e., the OCB gap) can affect their work performance across varying levels of task interdependence. The research hypotheses were tested empirically using field data regarding 146 employee-supervisor dyads collected from 41 teams in South Korea. The results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis indicate that having a lover level of OCB engagement than the group average induces feelings of indebtedness in employees, and this sense of obligation is stronger in a high level of task dependence context. We further discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research and suggest areas for future research.

Experiences of Family Members in Caring of Stroke Patients: A Case Study in the Border Provinces of the Upper Northeast of Thailand

BACKGROUND: Stroke patients require continued care, which makes stroke family caregivers unlikely to anticipate the end of home health-care service. AIM: The objectives of this study aimed, therefore, to seek understanding of stroke family caregivers in relation to caring experience, problems and barriers, and needs of family caregivers in the context of border provinces of the upper northeast of Thailand. METHODS: The current study was based on the phenomenological approach. The study samples included 16 informants. Data collection, conducted between February and August 2020, was performed using in-depth interviews. The collected data then were analyzed using the van Manen’s approach. RESULTS: Experiences of the stroke family caregivers were reflected and fell in van Manen’s 4 points under 12 thematic categories: (1) Lived body including lack of knowledge, fatigue, and sense of obligation; (2) lived time including paying gratitude, uncertainty, and paying retribution; (3) lived space including just long distance, being isolated in the wide world and living in a remote area; and (4) lived relation including blood thicker than water, community network, and needs from health-care services. CONCLUSION: The findings may be exploited to develop health service preparedness for health outcome promotion for stroke patients and stroke family caregivers.

To investigate the Association between Normative Commitment (Sense of Obligation to Stay) and Employee’s Performance in “FENDA COMMUNICATION AND IT -KSA”

Normative commitment happens when employee feel a sense of obligation towards his organization, even if employee is not happy with tasks and responsibility assigned, or even if employee desires to chase better chances or opportunity. Normative commitment(NC) is one of the three components of Organizational commitment that has received less attention in research than other two components ( Affective and Continuance).The main purpose of this research paper was to critically understand the normative commitment and evaluate the existing relationship between normative commitment and employees performance in “FENDA COMMUNICATION AND IT -KSA”. The Total number of respondents were 68 surveyed and eight statements used to measure the normative commitment, has been developed by Allen and Meyer (1991) and three -statements used for measuring employee performance has been developed by the Williams and Anderson (1991). The data was analyzed that clearly showed that there is a close relationship between normative commitment and employees’ performance in sample study organization.

Qualitative differences in the mindsets associated with dual nature of normative commitment.

This study aims to o uncover how employees’ normative commitment (sense of obligation) to their organization is experienced in terms of dual normative commitment (moral imperative or indebted obligation) and to describe the potential for different mindsets arising through the dynamic combination of the various components in the commitment profile. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants. The interviews were designed to identify the respondents’ perceptions of obligation to their organisation, and their underlying motivational mindset associating with dual nature of normative commitment The interview findings for the affective-normative commitment dominant and the continuance commitment dominant participants were consistent with normative commitment experienced as either moral imperative or an indebted obligation, depending on the relative levels of affective and continuance commitment. All participants irrespective of their commitment profile noted that they had commitment to multiple foci, however, the alignment between commitment to these various foci differed by commitment profile. The qualitative differences among the commitment profiles indicated that the interaction of the commitment components is more complex than current commitment profile propositions suggest and that further theory development beyond the mindsets associated with continuance commitment and affective-normative commitment dominant profiles is required.

Remote proctored exams: Integrity assurance in online education?

ABSTRACT After almost a year of COVID-19, distance education mediated by digital tools prevails as an ideal way to study given the flexibility, ubiquity, and a variety of tools that make the process more acceptable. Remote proctored exams have become an important tool to ensure integrity and academic honesty in distance education. This mixed methods study aimed at understanding to what extent remote proctored exams impacted the learning process of online graduate students and their academic integrity (ethics), besides the technological factor involved. Results revealed a significant impact of remote proctored exams as regards personal academic honesty because they minimized the possibility of performing acts of dishonesty. Students attributed this to a sense of obligation and the feeling of being watched, rather than internal motivation or a personal reflective process. Lack of privacy and anxiety emerged as aspects of concern for students.

“Nowhere near Somalia, Mom”

Just as containerized goods appear to flow seamlessly across the planet’s oceans, internationalized and standardized certificates present seafaring labor as uniform and seamless. But underneath these certificates are the intimate and unequal entanglements of local masculinity norms, age, and kinship ties that sustain the maritime labor supply chain. In this article, we follow how three young, male seafarers from eastern India find ways to contain piracy risks at work and poverty risks at home, and their sense of obligation as men, sons, husbands, and fathers. By delving into the unequal conditions for industrial male workers from the Global South, this article demonstrates how containerized maritime labor commodities are not uniform but are dependent upon economic inequality and intimate kinship ties to be productive.

Simone Weil and Emmanuel Levinas on Human Rights and the Sense of Obligation toward Others

There was no dialogue between Simone Weil and Emmanuel Levinas. In many regards, however, their philosophies have much in common. Both defend a conception of human rights as rights of others and as an obligation for the self. Both understand this obligation as an obligation of attention and action for others, based on their needs and their vulnerability. Both find the source of this obligation in the transcendence of the other, and both connect it with a radical passivity of the self, who is subjected to this obligation in spite of itself. At the same time, this proximity between the two philosophers entails and reveals profound differences between them, partially due to the difference between Weil’s metaphysics of light and Levinas’s metaphysics of language. These differences concern the status of subjectivity and of its duty toward the other, as well as the idea of an acceptation of sufferance, especially of the sufferance of others.

The Ethical Concept of Responsibility in Levinas and Wojtyła

In this article I examine the ethical concept of responsibility as presented by Emmanuel Levinas and Karol Wojtyła. I focus throughout on questions pertaining to the relations between identity and alterity and between heteronomy and autonomy. To do so involves looking at the contrary roles that these two authors give to selfhood and freedom when accounting for our sense of obligation and responsibility toward others and toward ourselves. I then put Levinas’s phenomenological account of responsibility into dialogue with Wojtyła’s personalist account in an examination of the question of animal ethics. Specifically, I discuss the extent to which their ideas on our responsibilities toward others can be extended to the domain of non-human animals.

Trans/imagining God: Articulations of individualised spirituality among Muslim and Christian transgender men

ABSTRACT Malaysian transgender people often experience suspicion, discrimination and rejection from their religious institutions. This article, written at the intersection of transgender and spirituality studies, aims to decipher the complexities of trans/imagining God, or formulations of individualised spirituality, in the lives of four transgender men. Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology, and assisted by Pargament’s notion of spiritual transformation and Tanis’s ideas on transgender spiritual traits to analyse and interpret the narratives of research participants, this article suggests that a trans/imagination of God is built on a reconfiguration of official religiosities, negotiations with romantic relationships, and a sense of obligation in terms of reaching out to others and acting ethically towards them.

Age at Immigration and Depression in Old Age: The Mediating Role of Contemporary Relationships With Adult Children

For the growing population of older immigrants in the United States, both age at immigration and familial relationships are important factors affecting psychological well-being. This study explores how age at immigration and contemporary relationships with adult children combine to explain older immigrants’ depressive symptoms. This study uses 2014 Health and Retirement Study data from a sample of 759 immigrants age 65 and older who have at least one adult child age 21 or older. A series of ordinary least squares regressions and mediational analyses were conducted. Findings indicate that two aspects of familial relationships, associational solidarity and structural solidarity, significantly mediate the association between age at immigration and depressive symptoms. Specifically, immigrating in later-life was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms through its relationship with structural solidarity. Immigrating in later-life was also associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms through its relationship with associational solidarity. In addition, giving monetary support to children and providing care for grandchildren may alleviate depressive symptoms for older immigrants. This study suggests that relationships with adult children may differ with age at immigration. The types of support that older immigrants provide to their adult children may be crucial because such support may instill a sense of obligation and reciprocity that may be beneficial to the psychological well-being of older immigrants.

Informal instruments to impose human rights obligations on foreign investors: An emerging practice of legality?

AbstractIn parallel to the negotiation of international investment agreements to protect foreign investment, intergovernmental organizations have deployed considerable efforts to adopt and implement standards of conduct for business enterprises operating abroad. Despite their informal character under international law, these instruments are increasingly mentioned in international investment agreements and investment arbitration. How can references to informal instruments elaborated by intergovernmental organizations contribute to the imposition of human rights obligations on foreign investors in international investment law? Drawing upon the interactional theory developed by Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope, this article considers these references as a practice that has the potential to strengthen the normative pull towards compliance with human rights norms. In addition to emphasizing the role of international investment law as a relevant forum to develop a practice surrounding these informal instruments, it assesses whether the use of these instruments by members of a community of practice is intended to establish a genuine sense of obligation and to impose human rights obligations on foreign investors. Even if some instances evidence a practice that strengthens such a sense of obligation, most of the references included in international investment agreements and investment arbitration do not render a practice of legality.