Sense Of Doubt Research Articles

Memercayai Alkitab Sebagai Firman Allah Yang Benar

Believing in the Bible as the true word of God without having a sense of doubt becomes an absolute standard because the word of God is a word that is not only true but perfect. The Word of God is said to be perfect because the source of inspiration and the main Author is God who gave the true words to be written by the writers of the word that He wanted. A certain group or some people may doubt the Bible as the word of God or consider the Bible as an old book that is no longer relevant to today's developments. This research aims to narrate the Bible as the true word of God and is very relevant to the development of technology in this era. The research methodology used for research and writing is qualitative methodology and literature. The findings show that the Bible is the true and perfect word of God, so that it cannot be doubted by anyone, be it theologians, historians, scientists, psychologists, psychiatrists or ordinary people

Sense of doubt: inaccurate and alternate locations of virtual magnetic displacements may give a distorted view of animal magnetoreception ability

Virtual magnetic displacements are used to examine the magnetoreceptive ability of animals by changing the local magnetic field to emulate one that exists elsewhere. This technique can be used to test whether animals use a magnetic map. The viability of a magnetic map is dependant upon which magnetic parameters an animal’s coordinate system is composed of, and how sensitive they are to those parameters. Previous research has not considered the degree to which sensitivity can change an animal’s impression of where a virtual magnetic displacement is located. We re-assessed all published studies that use virtual magnetic displacements assuming the highest likely level of sensitivity to magnetic parameters in animals. The vast majority are susceptible to the existence of alternate possible virtual locations. In some cases, this can cause results to become ambiguous. We present a tool for visualising all possible virtual magnetic displacement alternative locations (ViMDAL) and propose changes to how further research on animal magnetoreception is conducted and reported.

Artificial Intelligence; The Beginning or the End of Practice and Employability of Lawyers.

There are several evolutions that have taken place in the world at large and one of these many evolutions and inventions is Artificial intelligence. it is known that Artificial intelligence mimics the certain operation of the human mind in a bid to make life easier. however, with the emergence of artificial intelligence in the legal field comes a sense of doubt and hope. with many questions being raised on how artificial intelligence affects the employability of lawyers and the effect, it will have on legal practice. therefore this article critically looks into this by dissecting the topic of whether artificial intelligence is the beginning or end of practice and employability of lawyers.

A House in Germany

We used to believe that photographs always “refer” to something beyond themselves that already exists, like an actual place, space, object or person(s). Even though this was never always true or completely convincing, such strongly held convictions have been profoundly shaken by the effects of popular digital culture. It is no longer a matter of any specific photograph itself being unreliable, so much as the whole edifice of social and cultural life, and its media platforms, being taken over by a pervading sense of doubt. The idea and belief that photographs invoke a presence is increasingly compromised by the haunting sense of an absence. As explored in this work, a house in Germany is the site of a machinic vision, whose “consciousness” is implanted as an instrument of human vision.

Sense of doubt

When did you decide to become a journalist? That’s a question I occasionally field from graduate students and postdocs who are contemplating a switch of career from scientific research to science writing. My answer is not especially profound. I came to realize that I enjoyed writing up my research more than doing it. What’s more, I became increasingly troubled by Marcel Proust’s observation that we always end up doing the thing we are second best at. Was I a second-rate researcher? I wondered. Was there something else that I might be better at?Some of those inquisitive graduate students and postdocs go on to ask when in my career I decided to leave research: after a two-year postdoc in Japan and a six-year contractor position at NASA. Although I’m temperamentally and philosophically disinclined to revisit old decisions—or lack of decisions—I do so here in the hope that my reflections might help you.But first a digression. Among my fellow graduate students and friends at Cambridge University’s Institute of Astronomy was Stephen Warren. Steve took the advice he was given at high school and studied engineering as an undergraduate with a view to pursuing a career in civil engineering. “It pays well,” his career adviser told him. He duly became a civil engineer. One of the projects he worked on was Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway.But being a practicing civil engineer was not for Steve, so he decided instead to do a PhD in the same subject. Perhaps it was his research topic, which entailed firing ball bearings at concrete, that failed to sustain his interest. He switched PhD programs to astronomy, discovered the first quasar with a redshift greater than 4, and became—and remains—an astronomer.Francis Crick had a similar road-to-Damascus conversion. Having earned a bachelor’s in physics at University College London, Crick embarked in 1937 on a physics PhD, also at UCL. His topic: measuring the viscosity of water at high temperatures. A Luftwaffe bomb destroyed his lab during the Blitz. Later during World War II he helped design magnetic and acoustic mines. After the war was over, he joined other physicists in switching to biology. Reminiscing, he regarded his original thesis topic as the “dullest problem imaginable”; becoming a biologist “felt like being born again.”My early course was different from Steve’s and Crick’s. Physics was my favorite subject in high school. I pursued it as an undergraduate at Imperial College London. Of the flavors of physics I was exposed to in my final year, I found astronomy the most interesting, so I did a PhD in the area that I found most interesting, x-ray astronomy. Chance played a role in my next moves. X-ray astronomy can only be conducted from space. The missions launched next were Japanese and then US.At the time I made them, my choices were natural and in accordance with professional career advice: Do what interests you. When I began to have doubts about my career, it was not because my research had become the equivalent of Steve’s ball bearings and Crick’s hot water. Rather, I came to enjoy the writing aspect of my job at NASA more than the research.If you’re reading this editorial, chances are it’s because you’re a member of one of the 10 professional societies that belong to the American Institute of Physics, which publishes Physics Today. Unlike me, you likely remain in an academic or research position.But if, like me 21 years ago, you’re having doubts about your career, then I can offer some advice. Doing something because it’s interesting isn’t enough, at least it wasn’t for me. You need to enjoy it, too. If you don’t, then start thinking of alternatives. Granted, many of us aren’t in a position to change tack completely and become a goat farmer, graphic novelist, or water colorist. We need the salary. Granted, too, changing careers is harder as we age.Still, it’s worth contemplating options. A modest approach is to examine your current job, as I did 21 years ago, and ask yourself what aspect of it you enjoy the most. You might be able to make that slice bigger and your pie more satisfying.© 2018 American Institute of Physics.

Empowering Words: Outsiders and Authorship in Early America by Karen Weyler (review)

Reviewed by: Empowering Words: Outsiders and Authorship in Early America by Karen Weyler Gina Rivera Empowering Words: Outsiders and Authorship in Early America. By Karen Weyler. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2013. Among the most prominent topics in American Studies are those with resonance for early Americanists: the ramifications of colonialism, the legacy of slavery and indenture, and the status of gender in historical meditations on public virtue. Karen Weyler addresses these and other enigmatic themes from the perspective of early modern outsider authors: the poets, printers, editors, artisans, and aspirants whose means of actualizing their public personae were never necessarily a simple matter of setting pen to paper. Phillis Wheatley, now celebrated as an early American poet of great skill and insight, made sense of authorship as an accession to knowledge of literary genres and their manipulation. She lived what Weyler calls a dualistic existence as acculturated to whiteness and Christianity and yet wholly unlike her audiences in New England. While her reliance on elegiac writing ensured her place in period discourses that drew significantly on faith, evangelism, and other topoi, her elegies also maintained her status as a complicated authorial and racial figure in an equally complex public sphere (57). As Weyler points out, Wheatley is a fascinating figure not least for the ways in which she rendered gender fungible, standing for the potentiality of Africans and African Americans male or female (68). Deborah Sampson, who masqueraded as an enlisted male solider in the Revolution, challenged early Republican paradigms of authorship on separate terms, seizing control of her celebrity status by refashioning notions of masculine and feminine virtue (145). In instances in which male intermediaries and authorial collaborators spoke for Sampson [End Page 239] herself, her own understanding of the performative nature of gender as well as of the power of oration was nevertheless publically recognized. The several outsider men whose lives as literate cultural agents limned some of the same complexities are on display here amid close, critical readings of period sources both iconographic and textual. Weyler considers the captivity narratives of Briton Hammon and John Marrant as intricate interrogations of the nature of orality: of what it meant to ferry their personal testimonies into print and subsequently into the cosmopolitan, international market of the London press (78). Weyler succeeds perhaps most compellingly in narrating the literary legacy of the ordained minister and Mohegan Indian Samuel Occom, a man in his own words plagued by the burden of suffering anything he had written to appear in print, potentially exposing his ignorance to the world (114). That sense of doubt was offset by the considerable skill with which Occom negotiated two cultural poles: the New England Christian theocracy and his own vision of what Weyler calls a radically hospitable Christianity that embraced individuals of all races and social classes. Attentive to questions of print media, ephemerality, genre, collaborative authorship, and sponsorship, Weyler herself negotiates the literate dynamics of these early Republican outsiders with considerable sensitivity. Those readers familiar with her Intricate Relations: Sexual and Economic Desire in American Fiction, 1789–1814 (2005) will recognize the same deft attention to archival sources and empathetic readings of secondary scholarship here. Gina Rivera Harvard University Copyright © 2014 Mid-America American Studies Association

The Moderating Effect of Self-Uncertainty on Procedural Justice Effect

Self-uncertainty refers to the feeling of doubt from individual’s inner, and refers to the implicit subjective feelings and explicit reactions which are produced by the sense of doubt and instability about oneself. Self-reporting and scenarios manipulation are 2 main research methods of self-uncertainty. Since De Cremer and Sedikides’ empirical study proved that self-uncertainty can moderate the procedural justice effect, researchers have been developing this field by decomposing the self-uncertainty into the uncertainty emotion about self uncertainty, standing uncertainty and belongingness uncertainty, and by discussing the procedural justice cognitive mechanism. Further researches can also develop this field by investigating the self-uncertainty moderating effect in the Chinese background, by analyzing the interaction between self-uncertainty trait and state, and by researching the combination of self-uncertainty and other related variables, such as self-affirmation, newcomers and information uncertainty.

Suspicion

Suspicion

FIREFORCE - ONE MAN'S WAR IN THE RHODESIAN LIGHT INFANTRY

"They have the faces of boys but they fight like lions" The history of the Rhodesian Light Infantry is an illustrious one. The RLI produced many of the senior brass who led the Rhodesian Army including Gen Peter Walls. It was arguably Rhodesia's premier fighting unit (if one excludes Rhodesia's two special forces outfits, the Special Air Service and the Selous Scouts). The spirit of the RLI runs deep in Rhodesian military lore, it was to all intents and purposes a unique Regiment. The RLI was a regular unit, which absorbed many young conscripts. It was also one of the Rhodesian Army's premier frontline regiments alongside the Rhodesian African Rifles, the Scouts and the SAS. The fundamental difference between the RLI and these other units was that the RLI was a mixture of conscripts and regulars whereas the remaining three units made use of regular volunteers and territorials. Â The author of this book, Chris Cocks, was a teenage conscript in the RLI and this is his story. This book is a challenge to the straightforward writing of Military History, where so many historians choose to focus on prominent personalities and battlefield tactics. This is the story of a soldier's war - it is a gripping and bittersweet look at Army life. Cocks brings the constant thread of death to the forefront of this book. At no time does he attempt to disguise the brutality of the Bush War or hide the atrocities, which were committed by troops and guerrillas alike. The writer's own sense of doubt as to whether this was a just cause adds a further dimension to the book. Many of the young Rhodesian conscripts accepted the status quo without question, others, like Cocks were constantly plagued by the morality of a war that ultimately witnessed a society feeding upon itself.

It’s A Name Game, Indeed!

This is in reference to the editorial article published by Dr. Sanjiv Nair, hon’ble editor, in J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. (July–Sept 2011) 10(3):183–184. Although I, on most parts of the article, would agree with the author but still like to keep a few points of my opinion. Firstly, the importance given to the so called ‘degrees with a fancy names’ (albeit truly said) not only by the general public but also by our fellow colleagues/doctors would time and again insist one to think about them and to further achieve them by what so ever means possible be it M.D.S., M.Ch. or anything else. So I would say that at this point of time, it’s a name game. Secondly, the lack of knowledge and orientation towards the complete scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) not only in the general public but also amongst our fellow colleagues/dentists/doctors. This lack of knowledge to a newcomer PG student would actually affect himself or herself who has actually entered (by default) in this field and finds him or her in the middle of deep trouble. I would say so because it is in my opinion as well as I also remember in one of the study questionnaire done among the dental students (BDS) including the interns; most of the students lacked knowledge of the complete scope of OMFS. Now that the pattern of PG entrance exams in India is such that I think mostly student come to a specific specialization by default meaning thereby that they have a priority list and by ruling out the choices depending upon their ranks and their choice of station they enter in a particular field. Now, such a student who enters into OMFS only to find himself confused further and further. A lot of studied as in the syllabus, departmental formalities of seminars, journal clubs, LDs, MDs, post op and emergency postings, a lot of computer work and virtually no previous hands on experience in the maxillofacial region in this era of computers and hi tech gadgets (which would also take away some precious time of the students) would land himself or herself in a situation from he or she would come out a little more unsatisfied and with a sense of doubt on his knowledge and capabilities of actually being ‘Masters’ in Dental Surgery. Senior OMF surgeons who have enough year of experience may not be able to fully understand the psychological status of a fresh PG in OMFS but such a person would definitely have an instinct to further pursue this profession by doing Ph.D. or M.Ch. so as to reach to a point where he/she feels a sense of satisfaction and completeness. Further the present scenario where there is virtually no demand for a new comer or they are paid the salary of a class IV employee, there is an added sense of financial insecurity. This complex may give rise to the thinking of getting an added degree. Thus, further it’s a name game. Now, I would now like to draw the attention to the main problem, as we all know that if we are able to identify and remove the etiology, we would be able to cure the disease. I think that whole curriculum of a BDS student should be redesigned keeping in view the present scope of OMFS as a specialization of dentistry. More awareness should be created regarding OMFS at an UG level and that an undergraduate should be mandatorily posted in the PG clinics of OMFS so that he or she would have foundation knowledge about this field. The theory and practice of OMFS at a postgraduate level in particular should be redesigned, even if it means extending the duration of course to 4–5 years, so that a PG student should not find himself or herself disoriented and unsecured in the end but should actually have achieved the real purpose of perusing MDS in OMFS. More awareness of this field should be created in the general public and fellow medical colleagues. Such changes would also ensure that only people dedicated towards the profession are enrolled in the specialization of OMFS. And then if courses like Ph.D or M.Ch. or fellowships in desired super specialties like orofacial clefts, craniofacial surgeries, or head and neck oncology are taken at the latest stages, they would serve their real purpose. The contents of the above said paragraphs are the personal opinion of the author and the author further seeks an apology if these opinions are contrary to and/or not suited with anybody.

Exploring a Science Teacher’s Uncertainty with Integrating Engineering Design: An Action Research Study

This study examines a fifth grade science teacher’s attempts at integrating engineering design using the construct of uncertainty. Collaborative action research served as a supportive mechanism to uncover and confront the teacher’s uncertainties. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, reflections, classroom observations, lesson plans, and student work. Data analysis entailed the use of grounded theory. Findings from this study revealed that teaching science through engineering design is both challenging and problematic. Underpinning the teacher’s pedagogical experiences was the constant force of uncertainty, in various forms, and how her sense of doubt was beneficial rather than problematic.

Stakeholders' perception of the independence of statutory auditors in Nigeria

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, there were celebrated cases of corporate frauds and financial misappropriation in corporate giants. The series of frauds have left a sense of doubt about the 'unbiasedness' of external auditors to render an attest function on the credibility of published financial statements. In this light, this research sought to empirically investigate into the perception of auditor independence in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the opinions of randomly selected lecturers of auditing, practicing auditors, stockbrokers, shareholders and managers. Primary data was extensively relied upon. In addition to the primary data, secondary data from annual reports were also used. The data collected were used to answer research questions and test hypotheses. Test of hypotheses was performed using Pearson Correlation and Kendall's measure of concordance at a 0.05 level of significance. The outcome of the tests showed that the selected respondents perceived size of audit fee as the most influencing factor, capable of deterring auditor independence in Nigeria. It was also observed that existing laws were obsolete and need to be updated to make them relevant. .

“A little bit more mysterious…”: Ambience and Art in the Dark

“A little bit more mysterious…”: Ambience and Art in the Dark

“Getting By” in the Gwembe ValleyGrains from Grass: Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa. By Lisa Cliggett. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005. 193 pp.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBooks“Getting By” in the Gwembe Valley Grains from Grass: Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa. By Lisa Cliggett. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005. 193 pp.Jon HoltzmanJon HoltzmanDepartment of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, 1002 Moore Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, U.S.A. ([email protected]). 11 IX 07 Search for more articles by this author Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, 1002 Moore Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, U.S.A. ([email protected]). 11 IX 07PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Current Anthropology Volume 49, Number 1February 2008 Sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/523611 Views: 17Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Documents of Survival and Trauma: Memories of the Korean War in Korean Novels of the 1960s

This article aims at rethinking how novels represented by battlefield scenes and published in the 1960s are important linking works between “novels of postwar” and “novels of division” in the history of modern Korean novels. The three novels, Long day’s Journey into Night by Kang Yong-jun, The Revolution at Bangat-gol by Oh Yu-Gueon, and Market and Battlefield by Park Kyung-ri, have been relatively neglected in the history of modern Korean novels although the literary acceptance of war experiences has been understood as an important research theme. Writers in the 1950s showed a sense of doubt, defiance, and despair in “novels of postwar,” which reflected the fact that they could not be relieved of their war experience oppression. In “novels of division” writers in the 1970-80s presented the present lives of the nation after the war and attempted to deal with the sharp contradiction of a divided nation. In concretizing war experiences, novels published in the 1960s used battlefields for fictional time-space in an attempt to gain distance from the trauma of war. Namely, it gained the distance to see the historical war as fictional material as well as began to understand what the war was and why it had happened, resulting in full-scale scenes of the battlefields being fictionalized in a long story form in the 1960s. Most Koreans experienced that they could make new historical situations during the April Revolution (4.19 Revolution) of 1960. Having escaped from the feeling of being victimized by the war, the novels seriously began with a reasonable understanding of the war in the 1960s. It should be considered that these novels concretized battlefields of the war are important linking works between “novels of postwar” and “novels of division” beyond the division era in the history of modern Korean novels.

Walter Kaufmann and the Future of the Humanities

... And woe unto all living that it would live without disputes over weight and scales and weighers!--Nietzsche, Zarathustra, II, 13 Introduction: What's at Stake in Discussing Future of Humanities The start of 21st century may very well be final era in which humanities enjoy substantial autonomy and prestige. Advances in genetics, evolutionary and biological psychology, combined with increasing sophistication of statistical models of behavior prediction, may make current justifications for study of humanities sound quaint at best, and obscurantist at worse. To be sure, end of humanities has been predicted before, and its decline or demise may never happen. (1) this essay is not written in hope that it will happen, only with awareness that, as Walter Kaufmann put it, the refusal to reflect on goals invites disaster. (2) In this respect, following pages will consider prospects for humanities without two implicit, and wishfully sentimental, assumptions, namely that, without humanities, something irreplaceably precious will be lost, or that, once we move beyond humanities, what follows would inevitably be better. The fact is that we simply don't know how educational practices will look from standpoint of future generations. (3) Rather; our task should be to identify what is most valuable in humanities, asking whether our current practices in fact achieve our goals. Hence, this essay seeks aid in discussion of aims and means by turning to Walter Kaufmann who, a generation ago, had some interesting ideas about what was at stake in study of humanities. I will present some of Kaufmann's main views on this subject, highlighting ongoing relevance of his sharp critique of contemporary education. Specifically, I will focus on his mostly forgotten 1977 volume, The Future of Humanities, arguing that it is not only worth reading today, but may help humanities maintain their viability altogether. To reach this end, I will place Kaufmann in his historical context, providing an exposition of his main pedagogical ideas, focusing especially on what he called the art of reading. (4) Once a picture of Kaufmann's main contribution has emerged, I will finish piece by linking Kaufmann to a well-publicized concern in pedagogy, namely Gerald Graff's efforts to integrate students into argument culture by teaching conflicts. (5) This sets stage for an overarching conclusion, where I argue that, while Kaufmann certainly does not allay all anxieties about future of humanities, his ideas about education (primarily, though not exclusively, college education) prepare us well to face a critical and neglected aspect of problem: our own uncertainties and sense of doubt as to whether we instructors can convey something of value in humanities altogether. Who Was Walter Kaufmann and Why Should Pedagogy Care? Walter Kaufmann (1921-1980) was a prolific and incisive writer who deserves much more attention than he has yet received. Spending his career as professor of philosophy at Princeton, Kaufmann's specialty was German philosophy and through that he is not entirely unknown today. For most part, academic public opinion tends to remember him as a transmitter and popularizer, more than a thinker in his own right. This incorrect assumption tends to impede a full appreciation of Kaufmann's work. To be sure, Kaufmann played a significant role in bringing central European thought to United States. He was one of first to produce reliable translations of Nietzsche to a broad American public. His 1954, The Portable Nietzsche, included Thus Spoke Zarathustra, and by end of his career, Kaufmann had provided accurate and readable translations of eleven of Nietzsche's major works. (6) These, along with Kaufmann's own 1950 monograph (revised and expanded in 1956, 1968 and 1974) Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist gave Nietzsche a prominent place in American academia, one that he never held before, and has never lost since. …

T. Vilkinas (Ed.) 2005The Thesis Journey: Tales of Personal Triumph. Pearson Education Australia ISBN. 0-7339-7278-0

VILKINAS, T. (Ed.) 2005 The Thesis Journey: Tales of Personal Triumph. Pearson Education Australia ISBN: 0-7339-7278-0 The Thesis Journey is a book about students' and supervisors' experiences around their Higher Research Degrees (HRDs). It is essentially a collection of short essays on the HRD experience. Eleven of the chapters are written by HRD students and four are written by two supervisors. All are My experience of... chapters except for the first (an aim and outline of the book) and the final. The final chapter is particularly relevant for theoretical and practical purposes, as it summarises and interprets the previous chapters in the book. The chapters written by students focus on several themes :- * Motivation for undertaking a HRD * Impediments and obstacles in the process (both personal and professional) * Strategies for overcoming these * Rewarding parts of the journey As would be expected, there are differing, and some competing, perspectives within the book as to what makes a successful HRD and what personal characteristics one must have to achieve this. The chapters are all written from a process (rather than content) perspective, which is more appropriate given the aim. However, it does present the ideas as rather ethereal and without context. The opposite end of the spectrum is much less appealing and would involve a precis of the student's dissertation without the rigour of a content editorial process. The book focusing on students' lived experiences is certainly its scope, however, there is an institutional bias throughout the pieces, as they refer to similar experiences, such the parable used to explain epistemology and ontology and the style of supervision displayed by one of the authors. There is also a limited range of perspectives in terms of student diversity; most appear to be students who have come from a long-term Public Sector career and have recently left or are still employed whilst trying to juggle the demands of a HRD. This certainly shapes their contributions. Motivation The motivation for undertaking a HRD varies from self-actualising personal challenges to being instrumental in career progression. These are all personal accounts of how the contributor came into the process. Chapter 2 explores the difficulty in having a research area that is not popular with academics and the difficulty therein in starting a PhD. Chapter 6 has a particularly personal perspective on why the HRD process was undertaken. Chapter 10 uses self-deprecating humour refreshingly to explore the issues in HRD study later in life. Impediments The impediments are covered in depth, as would be expected (most of the contributors are in the later stages of PhDs). The difficulties associated with HRD are often personal issues that seem to invariably arise during crucial stages, and many of the contributors acknowledge emotional difficulties throughout the process, in particular, Chapters 5 and 6 describe the sense of being overwhelmed and inept (a process that certainly all HRD students encounter). Content-related issues are also covered, such as the issues associated with using an unconventional methodology (Chapter 5). Chapter 7 reflects on the overall usefulness of the process and the sense of doubt that plagues HRD students. Strategies for Overcoming Some of the strategies suggested for overcoming the obstacles are quite tangible and pragmatic in nature (such as Chapter 3's tips to organise information and stop procrastinating). There is general useful advice (Chapters 8 and 9), which a reader might be inclined to consider as having reiterative value only; the usefulness is in the experience of such techniques and approaches. …

DE QUINCEY, LANDSCAPE, AND SPIRITUAL HISTORY

AbstractDe Quincey's writings contain 'reveries' that extend a Wordsworthian response to landscape and combine a sense of the infinite with a recognition of earthly labours. In the context of his troubled orientalism—in his articles 'Ceylon', 'The Kalmuck Tartars', and 'Russia in 1812', for example—his representation of landscape reveals a disturbed mixture of history and Christianity. His militant vision of civilisation secured by the apocalyptic battle of Waterloo is questioned by his construction of 'Eastern' Others and his powerful recognition of mortality. This pervasive sense of doubt also haunts his handling of 'The Apparition of the Brocken' and the vision of England put forward in 'The English Mail-Coach'.

Romantizmden Modernizme Rabindranath Tagore

Tagore's long poetic career started with romantic poems in which love and nature are celebrated as two major sources of creative joy. With World War I, however, his work took on a modernist character, reflecting a new sense of doubt and uncertainty about the whole Western civilization. Nevertheless, he did not lose faith completely in Man's ability to create a world worth living in.

THE APOCALYPSE OF PARADISE AND THE SALVATION OF THE WEST: NIGHTMARE VISIONS OF THE FUTURE IN THE PACIFIC EDEN

This article examines representations of the Pacific in the film Rapa Nui, in articles from National Geographic, and in the academic debate on cannibalism as epitomized by Marshall Sahlins' and Gananath Obeyesekere's discussion of Cook's fate in Hawaii. While the area is typically the location of an Edenic paradise, in these texts it becomes the locus of apocalypse ending in cannibalism. Furthermore, rather than being radically ‘other’, the Pacific becomes a paradise whose virtues are those of the West as well, but whose very virtues lead to its destruction. The article argues that these texts use the ‘apocalypse of paradise’ as an allegory for the economic history and destiny of the West, such that cannibalism becomes a quintessentially Western practice. But the texts also contain mechanisms for the construction of a critical consciousness centred on Nature which is denied to the islanders themselves, and which serves in classic colonial style to institute a future alterity which will redeem the West from apocalypse. The texts' use and subsequent undermining of the more typical paradise images, many of which can be localized in the post-Second World War era, can finally be read in the light of a late twentieth-century, leftist socioenvironmental critique of the economic, political and environmental legacy of postwar America. However, the texts betray a more postmodernist sense of doubt about the reality of a rational critical consciousness. They raise important issues regarding the liminal space between self and other, threatening as they do to dissolve this distinction. But they all attempt to use cannibalism as a last bulwark for the construction of a privileged, natural discourse which combines environmentalism, colonialism and classical humanism while resisting the full implications and limitations of postmodernism.