Senior Middle School Research Articles

Relationships between various forms of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors among middle school students

To study the relationship between various forms of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors among middle school students. A total of 14 221 cases were retained from an epidemiological study, involving students from junior and senior middle schools in Guangzhou, Xinxiang, Shenyang and Chongqing. Information related to the demographic characteristics, types, number, timing and perpetrators of exposure to childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors was obtained. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships of each form of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors. Number of cases (rates) of childhood abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, suicidal ideation, suicidal planning and suicidal attempts among middle school students appeared as 7 246 (51.0%), 5 824 (41.0%), 5 409 (38.0%), 1 039 (7.3%), 2 042 (14.4%), 1 174 (8.3%) and 548 (3.9%), respectively. Boys reported more physical abuse than girls, while girls reported more emotional abuse and suicide ideation than boys (P<0.01). However, no gender differences were found in cases as sexual abuse, suicide planning or attempted suicide (P>0.01). After controlling for confounding variables, experiences on childhood abuse were significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.72-2.40) and suicidal planning (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.57-2.37) among boys but significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR= 2.45, 95% CI: 2.12-2.82), suicidal planning (OR=2.46, 95% CI: 2.02-3.00) and attempted suicide (OR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.61-2.78) among girls. RESULTS from multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that each type of childhood abuse, occurring at any time within the first 16 years of life, especially with continuous exposure, was significantly associated with suicidal behaviors. A significant graded-relationship was found between number of abusive childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors. Students that had been maltreated by parents or others were at high risk of engaging in suicidal behaviors. The findings suggest that the experience of any form of childhood abuse should be considered a risk factor for suicidal behaviors among the middle school students.

Barriers for Science Outreach Regarding Nutrition and Food Safety: A Qualitative Study of Teenagers in Chongqing City, China

ObjectivesTo explore the SOA (science outreach activity) barriers to teenagers who are usually the most common target populations of SOA when considering their eating habit formation and their unique characteristics including the many challenges they are facing.Methodswe randomly selected four senior middle school classes in Chongqing, the large city in China with a population of about 36 million residents. Three of the 4 classes were chosen as the intervention groups; three different types of SOAs regarding nutrition and food safety were given to each group. The fourth class served as control. We conducted 7 semi‐structured focus group discussions, twice, before and after 6 months’ SOA, in each of 3 intervention groups, but only once in control group; each discussion group had 8 subjects.ResultsWe found the SOA regarding nutrition and food safety had little influence on teenagers although they voiced strong interesting before SOA. “Weak demands” in SOA practice, along with lack of time and strick SOA contents were the major barriers.ConclusionTeenagers had high elastic demands, challenging SOA regarding nutrition and food safety to maintain and cater to their demands. Future SOA for teenagers may involve efforts from teachers, parents and peers, and also need to include fun activities to increase their interest.Support or Funding Informationthe China Association for Science and Technology (2012KPIP207) and NIH U54 center grant(HD070725)

Psychological Differences toward Pedestrian Red Light Crossing between University Students and Their Peers.

Based on our site investigation conducted in 2013, we found that the pedestrian red light crossing at the midblock connecting the campus of Southwest University and living area was low, where most of pedestrians are university students and staff. This paper reports a supplementary work applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to identify any psychological differences toward pedestrian red light crossing between university students and their peers. Three social groups participated in the investigation. The first group is the university students in Grade one (Group 1), the other two groups are their previous senior middle school classmates who are now working full time (Group 2) or who are now out of work and school (Group 3). The statistical results indicated The TPB components accounted for 42.9%, 55.3% and 55.4% of the variance of red signal crossing intention for Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 in the depicted road crossing scenario. The data also showed that there are obvious differences among the participants’ responses to “refrain from crossing” between university students and others, and the subsequent regression analysis revealed the ability to “refrain from crossing” played the most important role in the intention of red light crossing in the depicted scenario.

某市急性脑卒中患者就诊时间及其影响因素分析

目的：探讨某市急性脑卒中就诊时间及其影响因素。方法：收集2015年1月~2015年12月在急诊科就诊的首次发作的脑卒中患者646例，记录就诊时间、到达急诊科的方式，分析脑卒中类型、职业、文化程度及首发症状对就诊时间是否有影响。结果：646例患者中，仅17.8%的患者在发病 <2小时到达医院就诊，22.5%的患者在发病2~6小时到医院就诊，到达急诊室最常见的转运方式是公交车。脑出血、高中及以上文化程度、干部就诊时间 ≤6小时比例高。首发症状以癫痫发作、意识障碍、头痛以及 ≥3个症状的患者就诊时间短。结论：公众对脑卒中的识别能力低、急救意识差，院前急救模式不完善，应完善急救模式并加强对救护人员的脑卒中救治的规范化培训。 Objective: To study the visiting time of acute cerebral stroke patients in a city and its influencing factors. Methods: 646 acute cerebral stroke patients for initial attack who visited Emergency De-partment from January to December in 2015 were enrolled into this study. Their visiting time and ways of arriving at the Emergency Department were recorded. Effect of types of cerebral stroke, occupation, educations level and initial symptoms of the patients on their visiting time was analyzed. Results: In 646 patients, 17.8% and 22.5% of the patients had visiting time <2 h and 2 - 6 h, respectively, after the onset of disease. The patients usually went to hospital by bus. The proportions of patients with hemorrhagic cerebral stroke, graduated from senior middle school, cadres, technicians with a visiting time ≤6 h was higher. The visiting time of those with their initial symptoms ≥3 such as epilepsy, disturbance of consciousness and headache was shorter (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The public have a poor ability to recognize cerebral stroke and seek for first-aid. The prehospital first-aid system is imperfect. We should perfect the prehosptial first-aid system and enhance standard training for ambulance crews about first-aid of cerebral stroke.

An Analysis of the composition of reading materials of senior middle school English textbooks

An Analysis of the composition of reading materials of senior middle school English textbooks

Demographic characteristics HIV positive cases aged no less than 15 years old and related factors in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region

To understand the demographic characteristics of the HIV positive cases detected in the screening project in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and analyses the related factors of HIV infection. HIV antibody detection was conducted for local people aged no less than 15 years old in 3 demonstration counties, and the demographic information of the subjects were collected. The factors influencing HIV infection were analyzed with software PASW Statistics 18.0. A total of 770 454 local people aged over 15 years were screened, the HIV infection rate was 1.58‰ among them. The positive cases were mainly married males aged≥30 years and with the educational level of primary school and junior middle school. Thus male, age over 30 years and educational level of primary school and junior middle school. were the common risk factors for HIV infection, whereas being married was a protective factor for HIV infection in 3 demonstration counties, but Han ethnic group and divorced/widowed were risk factors for HIV infection in the demonstration county A, non-farmer, divorced/widowed and educational level of senior middle school were the risk factors for HIV infection in demonstration county B and Han ethnic group and farmer were risk factors HIV infection in demonstration county C. It suggested to conduct targeted HIV infection screening according to the survey results to find out the HIV cases in general population.

Age of Acquisition Effects in Chinese EFL learners’ Delexicalized Verb and Collocation Acquisition

This paper investigates age of acquisition (AoA) effects and the acquisition of delexicalized verbs and collocations in Chinese EFL learners, and explores the underlying reasons from the connectionist model for these learners’ acquisition characteristics. The data were collected through a translation test consisted of delexialized verb information section and English-Chinese and Chinese-English collocation parts, aiming to focus on Chinese EFL learners’ receptive and productive abilities respectively. As Chinese EFL is a nationally classroom-based practice beginning from early primary school, the pedagogical value and different phases of acquisition are thus taken into consideration in designing the translation test. Research results show that the effects of AoA are significant not only in the learners’ acquisition of individual delexicalized verbs but also in delexicalized collocations. Although learners have long begun to learn delexicalized verbs, their production indicates that early learning does not guarantee total acquisition, because their grasp of delexicalized verbs still stay at the senior middle school level. AoA effects significantly affect the recognition but not the production of collocations. Furthermore, a plateau effect occurs in learners’ acquisition of college-level delexicalized collocations, as their recognition and production have no processing advantages over earlier learned collocations.

Can Education Make Us Healthier? An Urban-Rural Comparative Analysis Based on the Chinese General Social Survey of 2010

In modern society, educational achievement’s impact on individual lives is reflected not only in economic benefits in the labor market but also in various “intangible returns.” Based on national data from the Chinese General Social Survey of 2010, our analysis of the urban- rural disparity and mediating factors in the health benefits of educational achievement shows that education has positive returns in terms of health for both urban and rural residents, but the returns to compulsory education and senior middle school differ for the two groups. This difference may be caused by the gap in the quality of compulsory education between urban and rural areas. Therefore, a linchpin of the relevant education policies should be encouragement of “urban-rural integration” in terms of the quality rather than just the quantity of education and the universalizing of senior middle school education in rural areas.

高中生父母教养方式和学业成绩：学业自我效能感的中介作用

采用父母教养方式量表和学业自我效能感量表(修订版)对陕西省某高中共816名高中生进行调查，以考察高中生父母教养方式对其学业成绩的影响，并检验学业自我效能感在其中的中介作用。结果发现：高中生学业自我效能感在父母教养方式与学业成绩间起完全中介作用，即高中生父母教养方式中的母亲情感温暖理解(MSS1)维度通过学业自我效能感影响学业成绩。 To further test the effect of senior middle school students’ parenting style on academic achievement, and to check the mediating effect of students' academic self-efficacy, 816 students were ad-ministrated by the version of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran revised by Yue Dongmei (EMBU) and the version of MORGAN-JINKS Student Efficacy Scale Revised Edition (MJSES) from two senior middle schools in Weinan city of Shaanxi province. Through statistical analysis, the results showed: Senior middle school students’ academic self-efficacy had a full mediating effect between senior middle school students’ parenting style and academic achievement, MSS1 positively pre-dicted academic achievement through students' academic self-efficacy.

中学生共情能力与人际关系的相关性研究

心理学家认为共情是影响人际关系质量的重要因素，本文为了探讨中学生共情能力与人际关系的相关性，了解当前中学生人际关系和共情能力的现状，选取了420名中学生作为被试进行问卷调查研究。结果表明：第一，总体来看，本调查表明中学生的人际关系整体处于偏上的水平，人际关系良好。第二，中学生的人际关系在共情能力的想象力和个人痛苦两个维度上显著相关，而在观点采择和同情关心两个维度上并不相关；中学生人际关系得分越高，其在共情量表上想象力和个人痛苦这两个维度的得分就相对越高。 It is known that empathy has a great effect on interpersonal relationship. To invest the relationship between empathy and interpersonal relationship, this study selected 420 senior middle students to be the participants finishing the questionnaire research. The results show that firstly the score of the interpersonal relationship is higher than the norm and the interpersonal relationship among these senior middle school students is well. Secondly, the IM (empathy imagination) and personal pain are related to the interpersonal relationship significantly. However, perspective taking and EC (empathy concern) are not related to the interpersonal relationship. If the students get higher score in interpersonal relationship, the students may get higher score in empathy imaginative ability and personal pain in Empathy Scale.

Experimental Research on Gravel Soil Shear Strength

With the rise in the water level of the Three Gorges Project, accurately measuring the shear strength parameters of the Three Gorges Project shore landslide has important implications for the safety of the Three Gorges Project’s surrounding area. Due to the material of reservoir area slope is complex, are mostly loose accumulation, these loose accumulation are mainly composed by landslide deposits, eluvia material, alluvial matter, landslides, strong weathered, and material composition is soil with gravel or fragments stone, the conventional small specimens test has been impossible. Badong County has long rainy season, abundant rainfall, mudslides, landslides and other geological disasters are frequent, so measuring reservoir landslide shear strength of Badong County is particularly important. Therefore, this paper takes the gravel soil of piled crushed landslide of the third senior middle school in Badong County as the research object, through lab large-scale direct shear test to research the gravel soil strength parameters’ variation of the soil samples with different coarse soil content under different moisture conditions.

Research on Passive Planning and Design of Green Campus in Subtropical Region

The Passive Planning and Design is used in the new campus of the first senior middle school in Maoming city, Guangdong province, China. Oriented by regional climate, the design has beneficially explored the way of implementation of green campus in Subtropical Region. During the whole design process, the Computer Simulation Environment technology is combined with the regular design methods, cooperating with multi professional fields such as planning, architecture, landscape and pyrology. After building energy consumption calculation, the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection is achieved.

Online social networking behaviors among Chinese younger and older adolescent: The influences of age, gender, personality, and attachment styles

Risks associated with adolescents’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs) propelled investigations concerning how online privacy and security behaviors are related to young people’s general activities online. To explore adolescents’ SNS behaviors, among a group of 531 volunteered adolescent participants during their junior or senior middle school years in Beijing, this study ran exploratory factor analysis based on statements from non-structured interview targeting their Renren SNS uses, and further investigated the levels of and the associations between SNS behaviors based on developmental factors of age, gender, personality, and attachment styles. Results suggest most Chinese younger and older adolescents were likely disclosing real names and photos on SNSs, and their latent utilization, socializing, and privacy disclosure SNS behaviors were influenced by age, gender, personality, or attachment styles. Moreover, the negative associations of privacy disclosure with utilization or socializing behaviors were likely affected by personality and attachment categories. Although Chinese adolescents showed some levels of concerns in their SNS privacy disclosure, education of SNS privacy and security along with adolescent care in general are perhaps helpful for providing a better online experience for young people.

Relationship between screen time and sub-health status among middle school students in four cities China

To describe the prevalence and relationship between screen time and sub-health status among middle school students in weekdays and weekends. With multistage stratified random cluster sampling, 14 400 students from junior and senior middle schools in 288 classes of 30 schools in 4 cities( Shenyang, Chongqing, Xinxiang, Guangzhou) were investigated in October, 2011. A total of 13 817 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis. Survey content includes general demographic information, screen time, sub-health state. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between screen time and sub-health status. The screen time among middle school students > 2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 15.1% (2 085/13 817) and 58.5% (8 077/13 817) , respectively. Among them, the boys' screen time > 2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 17.9% (1 187/6 644) and 61.3% (4 070/6 644), which were higher than girls (12.5% (898/7 173), 55.9% (4 007/7 173) )(χ² values were 76.95 and 41.35, respectively. P < 0.01). The prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 24.8% (3 431/13 817), 21.7% (2 997/13 817) and 22.1% (3 051/13 817), respectively. Among them, the girls' prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 26.0% (1 863/7 173), 22.9% (1642/7 173) and 23.1% (1 658/7 173) ), respectively, which were higher than boys' (23.6% (1 568/6 644), 20.4% (1 355/6 644) and 21.0% (1 393/6 644)) (χ² values were 10.39, 12.66 and 9.25, respectively. P < 0.05). The senior students' prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 31.6% (2 176/6 884) , 28.3% (1 946/6 884) and 28.9% (1 990/6 884), respectively, which were higher than junior students' (18.1% (1 255/6 933), 15.2% (1 051/6 933) and 15.3% (1 061/6 933)) (χ² values were 337.65, 349.46 and 371.54, respectively, P < 0.05). After adjusting on demographic characteristics, compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekday, screen time > 2 h/d on weekday was significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.25-1.55), 1.62 (1.45-1.81) and 1.59 (1.43-1.78)). And compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekend, screen time > 2 h/d on weekend was also significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR(95% CI):1.49 (1.37-1.61), 1.81 (1.66-1.98), and 1.71 (1.57-1.87)). The rate of the screen time > 2 h/d and the detection ratio of sub-health among the middle school students in Shenyang, Chongqing, Xinxiang, Guangzhou in 2011 were high. Screen time >2 h/d on weekdays or weekends was a risk factor for sub-health status.

Domestic migration, benefit spillovers, and local education spending: evidence from China 1993–2009

The idea that educational externalities affect local governments' incentive to provide such service was proposed over a century ago. Several studies have tested the relationship in the US, with mixed results. However, the theory has rarely been tested systematically outside of the US context. Paradoxically the unique household registration system in China makes the study of educational benefit spillover simpler to grasp theoretically and easier to handle empirically. A dynamic panel-data analysis that spans 17 years across 31 provinces of China suggests that a one-percentage-point increase in intra-provincial migration rate would decrease non-personnel spending in the following year by 23, 30, and 45 yuan per student for elementary schools, junior middle schools, and senior middle schools respectively. Narrowing the focus only on rural education funding, this study also shows that intra-provincial migration negatively affects rural spending per student by a similar magnitude. While migration and urbanization often bring about prosperity and efficiency gains, the substantial negative consequences of benefit spillovers under a decentralized education system should not be overlooked, especially for non-personnel expense and for rural schools.

Self-esteem mediates the effect of the parent–adolescent relationship on depression

There is a trend of rapid growth in both the level and occurrence of depression when people reach adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the parent-adolescent relationship on depression in adolescents, and mainly focused on the confirmation of the mediator role of self-esteem. A total of 364 senior middle school students accomplished the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The results suggested that both parent-adolescent relationship and self-esteem were significantly correlated with depression. Structural equation modeling indicated that self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent relationship and depression.

Survey of attitude and knowledge of reproductive health among middle school students in Luoyang, China.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of AIDS and sexual behavior of middle school students. Structural questionnaires were designed to interview 1980 junior and senior middle school students about their basic knowledge, attitude, and behavior with respect to AIDS and sexual behavior. Students were recruited from the six most common middle schools of the six regions in Luoyang City of the Henan Province of China by cluster sampling from September to December of 2004. Results showed that 54.5% of students had not learned about the prevention of HIV/AIDS in school, and 38.3% of students did not have any knowledge about the route of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, 91.2% of students were reluctant to share a classroom with HIV/AIDS patients. Approximately 21.7% of students had read books, watched videos, and consulted other media related to sex, 1.1% of students had had sexual intercourse during high school, and 80.5% believed that health education on HIV/AIDS and sex was necessary. The results of this survey showed that middle school students have little knowledge about HIV/AIDS and sex. Therefore, health education programs for HIV/AIDS prevention and sexual health should be developed as soon as possible to help students peacefully get through a sexually puzzling period of life.

Obesity status of middle school students in Xiangtan and its relationship with Internet addiction

To investigate the state of middle school students' obesity in Xiangtan, China and to study the influence of Internet addiction on obesity. 1,150 junior and senior middle school students in Xiangtan, China. The research subjects were select randomly for the study. The height and body weight of human body were measured and the obesity state was judged according to BMI value and the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) standard. The questionnaire for the survey of middle school students' basic situation was designed and a survey of the respondents' personal information and the contributory factors to obesity was conducted. The Middle School Students' Internet Addiction Diagnosis Scale was adopted for measuring and judging the Internet addiction of the research subjects. (1) The total detection rate of obesity was 23.57%. (2) The overall detection rate of Internet addiction was 21.23%. (3) The detection rate of obesity in middle school students with Internet addiction (32.92%) was significantly higher than that without Internet addiction (21.06%). Logistic regression showed that Internet addiction was an independent risk factor of obesity. Internet addiction is related to obesity of middle school students.

Educational Opportunities for Rural and Urban Residents in China, 1978-2008: Inequality and Evolution

改革开放以来,随着中国教育规模的扩张,城乡居民的受教育水平逐年提高,但 教育不平等问题并未得到有效改善。本文使用CGSS2008数据,检验户籍、家庭社会 经济地位、父母受教育年限以及兄弟姐妹数量等因素对初中、高中和大学三个教育阶 段升学机会的影响及其作用在1978至2008年期间的变化趋势。研究发现,初中升学机 会的城乡差异没有变化,高中和大学升学机会的城乡不平等有扩大趋势;父亲职业地 位对子女升学机会的影响保持不变,表明教育获得的阶层差异自1978年以来没有发生 明显变化;父母受教育年限对子女教育获得的作用显著,而且其作用持续上升;因兄 弟姐妹数量差异导致的教育不平等也有上升趋势。要理解改革后中国教育不平等的结 构及其演变,除讨论阶层不平等外,尚需关注影响居民教育决策的微观机制。 关键词理性行动理论 文化资本 教育分层 教育政策 Despite the expansion of Chinese education and the steady rise in the educational level of urban and rural residents since reform and opening up, the problem of educational inequality has persisted. This study employs CGSS2008 data to test the effects of household registration, family socio-economic status, years of parental education, and sibship size on educational opportunity at the three stages of junior middle school, senior middle school and higher education, as well as the changes in these effects over the period 1978-2008. The results show that there is no observable rural-urban disparity in opportunities for continuation to the junior middle school stage, but there is rising inequality in opportunities for continuation to senior middle school and higher education; the influence of father’s occupational status on children’s educational opportunities remains largely the same, indicating that the stratification of educational attainment has not changed markedly since 1978; years of parental education play a marked and increasing role in children’s educational attainment; and educational inequality due to sibship size also displays a rising tendency. To understand the structure and evolution of inequality in Chinese education since reform and opening up, it is necessary to study the micro-level mechanisms affecting residents’ educational decision-making.

GW24-e3710 The risk factors analysis and follow-up study of female hypertensive diabetic patients

ObjectivesTo analyse the prevalence, risk factors and target organs damage of female hypertensive diabetic patients. To assess the 5-year cumulative hypertensive incidence and cardiocerebrovascular events after 5 years followed up.MethodsThe...