Community Senior Centers Research Articles

Community Senior Center Intervention to Address Factors Related to Memory Screening Engagement.

There are many individual and societal benefits to screen older adults for memory problems. Four theoretically derived psychosocial factors are predictive of dementia screening intention: perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and knowledge about memory. The current study tested whether these factors could be modified with an educational memory screening intervention given in community senior centers. An educational presentation was designed to address these factors by increasing knowledge about memory and aging, discussing the benefits of screening and older adults' susceptibility to memory issues, and increasing self-efficacy by teaching about the memory screening process, discussing a vignette, and fielding participants' questions. The educational presentation was offered four times at three community senior centers. Quantitative data on the psychosocial factors were collected before and after the presentation from 44 older adult participants (age M = 78.70, SD = 7.21). Narrative data on satisfaction and feedback about the intervention were collected. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were performed to measure change from pre- to post-presentation and follow-up 1 to 2 weeks after the intervention. The educational presentation effectively increased knowledge about aging memory, perceived benefits of screenings, and self-efficacy to seek screening. The presentation intervention was well received by community participants. Results provide guidance about how an intervention based in community senior centers can be refined to address factors predictive of memory screening intention in older adults.

The Effects of Tai Chi Rouli Ball Exercise on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Metabolism Indicators in Perimenopausal Women

Background Perimenopause is associated with a decline in estrogen levels, leading to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and altered bone metabolism, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Tai Chi Rouli Ball, a traditional Chinese sport, is thought to have beneficial effects on physical health, but its impact on bone health in perimenopausal women is not well understood.Methods This study involved a randomized controlled trial with 52 perimenopausal women aged 45–55 years from community senior centers. Participants were divided into two groups: the Tai Chi Rouli Ball group and the control group. Baseline assessments of bone density, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone metabolism markers, including estrogen levels, were conducted. The Tai Chi Rouli Ball group underwent regular training for a specific period, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Post-experiment assessments were then compared to the baseline.Results Post-intervention, the Tai Chi Rouli Ball group showed a significant increase in spine bone density and BMC in various body parts, including the whole body, trunk/torso, and spine, compared to the control group. Bone metabolism indicators also improved, with increased levels of estrogen and a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Calcium levels showed a significant increase, while other markers like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) had non-significant changes.Conclusions Tai Chi Rouli Ball exercise may positively influence bone health by improving bone density, BMC, and altering bone metabolism markers in perimenopausal women. These findings suggest that Tai Chi Rouli Ball could be a viable non-pharmacological approach to prevent osteoporosis in this demographic.

Subjective memory complaints and medication adherence among hypertensive Korean older adults with multimorbidity: mediating effect of depression and social support

Background & Aim(s)Medication adherence (MA) is a key factor in maintaining adequate blood pressure and preventing complications. However, some older adults experience difficulties in taking medicine properly due to declines in cognitive function. Although subjective memory complaints (SMC) are recognized as early markers of cognitive impairment, previous studies concerning the relationship between MA and cognitive function have focused only on objective cognitive function. Furthermore, while depression has a high correlation with SMC, low MA, and social support, there is limited evidence on their relationship. This study aims to understand the effect of SMC on MA and the mediating effect of depression and social support.Method(s)This study is a descriptive cross-sectional investigation. A sample of 195 community-dwelling hypertensive older adults with multimorbidity from 3 community senior centers in Gwangju, South Korea were recruited through convenience sampling. Data was collected through face-to-face survey from January to March 2018. The PROCESS macro v4.2 program [Model 6] was used to analyze the mediating effect of depression and social support in the relationship between SMC and MA. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 26.0 and STATA MP 17.0.ResultsThe average MA was 6.74. There were significant differences in MA according to awareness of prescribed drugs, awareness of side effects, insomnia, and healthcare accessibility. SMC was positively correlated with depression, while social support and MA were negatively correlated. While depression was a significant mediator of the effect of SMC on MA, the mediating effect of social support was not significant. The multiple mediation effect of depression and social support was not significant.ConclusionThe results suggest that medication management of older adults in community settings should be accompanied by a comprehensive health assessment of associated factors. Health professionals should explore strategies to improve memory as well as prevent and alleviate depression to increase MA among hypertensive older adults with multimorbidity.

Mixed reality technology for older adults: Evaluating the impact of a novel virtual humanoid coach in a community-based physical exercise program in the Philippines.

Physical inactivity among older adults remains a global burden, leading to a variety of health challenges and even mortality. This study evaluated the impact of a novel virtual humanoid coach-driven physical exercise program among older adults. A non-randomized (quasi) experimental research was conducted in two community senior centers. The recruited participants (n = 130) were primarily female older adults with a mean age of 66.40 and agreed to be purposively assigned either experimental or control groups. Trained healthcare providers performed health assessments in three time points using valid and reliable tools. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and RM-ANOVA were used to quantitatively analyze the data using SPSS version 22. There are significant mean differences between the groups across all functional capacity assessments and Time 2-3 assessment of sleep quality. RM-ANOVA revealed significant differences in physical assessment over time between the two groups. The analyses of time and group interaction revealed significant improvement in health assessments among the members of the mixed reality group compared to the traditional groups. The impact of virtual coaches in community-based enhancing physical activity programs is comparable to the traditional mode and introduces a novel approach to promoting physical activity among older adults.

Integrating Physical Media Education into Elderly Care Programs: A Case Study of Enhancing Well-being and Promoting High-Quality Life

This study examined the impact of media education for elderly care programs in China on the well-being and quality of life of elderly population. This study investigated how media education turned older population in techno-savvy and improved the well-being and quality of life of the elderly population. The objectives of the study were to bring forth the role played by media awareness of social media, to examine the challenges associated with it, and to recommend efficient strategies to promote the engagement of older adults in media education of social media and usage of media gadgets that helps them to be techno-savvy and improve their well-being. The qualitative methodology was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews from a sample of 8 informants comprising caretakers working at Chinese old age homes and senior community centers. Following a thematic analysis, it was revealed that media education in elderly care programs potentially benefits older by improving their self- efficacy, social connectedness, and overall well-being. It was also found that media awareness of older adults significantly assisted them to be techno-savvy and enhanced high-quality life in them. Limited equipment, unwillingness, and inefficient technological knowledge were some significant challenges that hindered the proper integration of media education in elderly care programs. It was recommended that training sessions, workshops, and proper allocation of resources should be enhanced to get the potential benefits of media education for older adults. These outcomes have significant contributions for policy-makers and practitioners of old-age institutions. In addition, this study offers novel contributions to relevant literature within the context of China.

“Like a family”: Social relationships in senior community center

Resumen: El objetivo es analizar las relaciones sociales resignificadas “como en familia” en centros comunitarios. El estudio es una etnografía realizada en Paysandú, Uruguay, con 84 personas ancianas quienes viven solas, y que participaron en entrevistas individuales y en grupos focales. Para el análisis de las narrativas se utilizó análisis de discurso, análisis de metáforas y análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran un proceso de resignificación de las relaciones entre compañeros en términos de relaciones familiares, cuyo sentido se sustentan en los significados y prácticas del sistema de parentesco consanguíneo. Esta resignificación es realizada por las mujeres ancianas, pero no por los ancianos varones. En base a los hallazgos, la familia continúa como un fuerte referente cultural entre estas mujeres ancianas, al resignificar relaciones entre extraños en términos de familia.

Usability and acceptance as facilitators of behavioral intention to use a mixed reality exercise program in older adults: A structural equation model

BackgroundStaying active has been one of the mainstays in promoting health in older adults. Despite the potential of innovative health technologies for fitness, there is limited understanding of the factors influencing older adults’ behavioral intention to engage in mixed reality physical exercise. PurposeTo develop a theoretical model of technology usability and acceptance influencing behavioral intention to use a mixed reality physical exercise program among older adults. DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted to develop a virtual exercise coach in a mixed-reality environment. Older adults (n = 64) were purposively selected from a community senior center in the Philippines and participated in the exercise program. Their responses were analyzed using a partial least square approach to structural equation modeling. ResultsThe generated measurement model demonstrated valid and reliable estimates. Its structural model (R2 = 0.64) had a good fit (GoF = 0.56) with consistent quality indices. It also indicated that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and information quality are significant (p < 0.05) factors explaining behavioral intention to use the virtual coach system among older adults. ConclusionThe belief in technology usefulness, trust, data quality, and the value of shared responsibility between the technology promoters and users significantly facilitates behavioral intention to use mixed reality virtual coach systems. The study results are valuable in developing technologies and improving older adult participation in technology-driven community health programs.

COMMUNITY-BASED MUSICAL THEATER AND MEANING-MAKING IN LATER LIFE

Abstract This presentation will situate the impact of participating in artistic performances for the first time in later life in relevant scholarship. A growing body of research indicates that older adults benefit from active engagement in the arts, and that this can reduce loneliness, depression and isolation, and improve subjective well-being and quality of life. Benefits include strengthening social connections and a sense of belonging, as well as defining and asserting a sense of self. These outcomes can have a positive impact on physical health as well – older adults engaged in the arts experience lower rates of memory loss and balance issues, heart disease and other health challenges than peers not actively engaged with the arts or passively receiving arts. Participation in performance arts can also improve communication across generations and support processing of loss. Senior centers and community centers with senior members rarely, however, position engagement in performing arts such as musical theater front and center. Programming in visual arts (e.g., painting) and traditional arts (e.g., crochet) tends to take precedence, and this can be detrimental to center members for whom participation in performing arts can be transformative. The presentation will explore meaning-making processes embedded in arts performance and argue for promoting performance opportunities among older adults, as well as suggest ways to replicate the model in other settings.

Interprofessional Collaboration Competency Attainment Through SilverScripts, a Collaborative Program With Community Senior Centers

Interprofessional Collaboration Competency Attainment Through SilverScripts, a Collaborative Program With Community Senior Centers

Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy for Chronic Pain Management in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives There were two quality improvement goals for this project: (1) to evaluate the outcomes of an 8-week geriatric-focused mindfulness-based group therapy program for chronic pain management called “Mindfulness-based Chronic Pain Care” offered at a senior community center affiliated with a geriatric primary care clinic, and (2) to obtain feedback from participants to make relevant modifications for future groups. Methods The program consisted of eight 150-minute weekly sessions. Thirteen community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and older participated in the program. The study utilized a non-randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. Participants completed pre- and post-program evaluations measuring pain and related psychosocial outcomes and were also asked to evaluate the importance of the group. Intervention and control groups were compared by t-test, chi-square likelihood ratio, Fischer’s exact test, and multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results There were statistically significant improvements in three areas: 1) increased activity level, 2) increased “pain willingness,” and 3) decreased generalized anxiety symptoms. Qualitative analysis highlighted how this intervention was important to participants. Conclusions The results of this pilot program indicate promising outcomes for older adults suffering from chronic pain. Clinical Implications The Mindfulness-based Chronic Pain Care program was a practical, feasible, and acceptable approach for pain management among program participants.

Correlates of Adherence of Multimodal Non-pharmacological Interventions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundNon-pharmacological interventions are promising for delaying cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although some studies have demonstrated adherence rates and factors influencing participation in single modality non-pharmacological interventions, little is known about the level and correlates of adherence to multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) in older adults with MCI.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the adherence level and the correlates of adherence to MNPIs in older adults with MCI.MethodsA cross-sectional design was employed. Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and over were recruited from senior community centers and healthcare centers in Huzhou from March 2019 to December 2020. Data were collected by a general information questionnaire and the adherence scale of cognitive dysfunction management (AS-CDM) in older adults with MCI. Hierarchical regression analyses were applied to explore the correlates of adherence to MNPIs.ResultsA total of 216 completed questionnaires were finally analyzed. Of these, 68.52% were female, and 45.4% of the participants had no less than 6 years of education. The overall mean score for adherence was 117.58 (SD = 10.51) out of 160, equivalent to 73.49 in the hundred-mark system, indicating a medium-level adherence to MNPIs in older adults with MCI. Of the five dimensions of adherence (AS-CDM), self-efficacy scored the highest, and the lowest was perceived barriers. The univariate analysis showed that the factors associated with the adherence to MNPIs were: regular physical exercise, meat-vegetable balance, absence of multimorbidity, high level of education, living alone, and living in urban (p < 0.05). In the hierarchical regression analysis, the final model explained 18.8% of variance in overall adherence (p < 0.01), which high school (Beta = 0.161, p < 0.05), college and above more (Beta = 0.171, p < 0.05), meat-vegetarian balance (Beta = 0.228, p < 0.05), regular physical exercise (Beta = 0.234, p < 0.05), and presence of multimorbidity (Beta = −0.128, p < 0.05) significantly contributed to adherence. In addition, nearly 80% of older adults with MCI preferred MNPIs.ConclusionEarly assessment and management of adherence to MNPIs were essential in older adults with MCI. Furthermore, the findings shed light on several critical areas of intervention to improve adherence to MNPIs in older adults with MCI.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=35363, ChiCTR1900020950 (Registered on January 23, 2019).

Social Disengagement and Cognitive Function: Does the Association Vary by Gender?

Although social disengagement is considered to be a predictor of cognitive decline, and increase risk of Alzheimer’s and related dementias, little is known regarding the gender-specific association between social disengagement and cognition among Korean middle-aged and older adults. Korea’s Confucianism-based gender roles provide unique contexts to examine gender differences in the influence of social disengagement on cognition. This study investigated the association between social disengagement and cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of Koreans aged 45 years or older (N = 5,196 women and 2,707 men), using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2008-2018). Results from the generalized estimating equation model showed that compared to consistent social engagement, consistent non-engagement was significantly associated with lower cognitive function among both genders. Transitioning from social engagement to non-engagement was significant for males only. Of various types of social activities (religious, senior center, sport, reunion, voluntary, political), consistent non-engagement in a senior center was most associated with lower cognitive function among both genders, while consistent non-engagement in religious activities was significant for females only. While household arrangements were not associated with cognition in men, widowed women had increased risk of cognitive decline than married women, as did women living in households of three or more people. Depression was a predictor of cognitive decline among males only. In this gender-specific study, we found that consistent participation in social activities, especially via membership in a senior community center, is beneficial in preventing cognitive decline among both genders.

The Effectiveness of an Intergenerational Technology Program for Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Medical residents need training to assess social determinants of health (SDOH) related to chronic conditions. We created a checklist to identify SDOH affecting residency clinic patients’ ability to manage chronic conditions. The tool: 1) involves resident training; 2) provides decision support checklist; 3) influences patient activation; and 4) increases provider and patient communication through shared decision making. Action Planning Guide checklist (APG) includes questions pertaining to SDOH preventing patients from managing their chronic conditions and actions patients will take. Areas identified are discussed between patient and resident, increasing patient activation. The clinic’s nurse care facilitator guides referrals to community-based resources. Fifty-two patients were enrolled, with 75% of patients responding they would like to be better managers of their chronic conditions. This information is used to develop patient’s goals of care. Over 90% of patients said their conditions affect their lives and discussed ways better to care for themselves. Over 80% discussed medication management, health goals to improve their quality of life, and made a plan that maps out ways to reach their goals. All of these are essential for achieving positive health outcomes for older patients with chronic conditions. These attributes promote effective patient/provider partnerships. Seventy referrals were made; food through 2-1-1 (47%); monthly commodity food program (30%); utility payments (11%), and transportation (9%). Twenty-seven referrals were made to agencies serving older adults; 25 to the local AAA information and assistance services, and 2 to Senior Project Fresh Voucher Program.

Culture Differences in Advance Care Planning and Implications for Social Work Practice

Advance care planning (ACP) is the process of making plans and decisions regarding end-of-life care (EOLC) in advance while one has the physical and cognitive capacity to do so. However, even if health practitioners recognize the importance of ACP, they may be constrained by social and cultural factors in engaging their clients in ACP. This study examined cultural differences in ACP and various strategies that social workers use to initiate conversations on ACP in a range of settings. Using the case study method, we conducted in-depth interviews with 7 social workers who work in South Korea, 2 Korean-American social workers working in the Korean-American communities in the US, and 3 American social workers serving diverse populations in the US. Their practice sites include: university hospitals, day care centers, a community senior center, a nursing home, and a hospice agency. Social workers in both countries emphasized the need to build rapport with their clients early on and to empower them to take the lead in their ACP while they were still healthy. In Korean and Korean-American communities, social workers recognized their clients’ reluctance to speak about EOLC and highlighted the importance of communicating with their family due to their clients’ preference for family-centered decision-making. When doing this, a step-by-step approach in giving relevant information was recommended. We identified relationship-building, empowerment, and culturally sensitive approaches as common strategies in initiating discussions on ACP in both countries.

Late‐life social activity moderates the association between temporal lobe atrophy and episodic memory decline

AbstractBackgroundRetirement and loss of important social relationships, including spouse and friends, make older adults more vulnerable to social isolation. Therefore, social activity could be important for older adults in maintaining life satisfaction and everyday functioning. Although several studies found protective roles of social activity against cognitive decline in late life, only a few studies examined the protective effects of social activity using longitudinal data. In this study, the effects of social activity on the relationship between brain aging and cognitive decline in older adults were examined during a four‐year period.MethodThirty‐two older adults with normal cognition (mean age = 70.69, SD: 6.27, mean education = 7.75, SD: 3.94 at baseline) were recruited from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP). Neuropsychological and brain imaging data, and social survey, were acquired in 2015 and 2019. Elderly Verbal Learning Test (EVLT) performance and cortical volumes from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were the main measures of interest. The participants were asked to respond either “yes” or “no” to social survey items, including participation in community senior center events, volunteering for charities, religious activities, socializing events, leisure activities, and community activities. Social activity was explored in terms of level, consistency, and types of social activities. The Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT) was used to calculate temporal lobe gray matter volume selected as regions of interest (ROI) for its role in episodic memory. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the effects of social activity on the relationship between temporal lobe atrophy and episodic memory decline.ResultWe found that the temporal lobe atrophy was associated with the delayed recall decline (r = 0.49, p = 0.003). More involvement in social activity at baseline decreased the effects of temporal lobe atrophy on delayed recall decline, controlling for age, sex, education, and self‐rated health as covariates. Further, consistent involvement in social activity, especially volunteering, attenuated the association between temporal lobe atrophy and delayed recall decline.ConclusionThese findings suggest that social activities in late life function as cognitive reserve to buffer against the effects of temporal lobe atrophy on episodic memory decline in older adults.

The Implementation of Evidence-Based Obesity Education Curricula to Prevent Cancer in a Predominantly Mexican–American Community on the U.S.-Mexico Border

Although cancer is the leading cause of death among Mexican-Americans, few community-based programs target obesity reduction as a way to reduce the prevalence of obesity-related cancer in underserved populations. Evidence suggests that obesity correlates with 13 types of cancer. The objective is to provide an overview of evaluation and selection of evidence-based content; details of the implementation process; modifications needed to tailor education programs to specific needs of different target audiences; and demonstrate challenges of implementing a community-based prevention program intended to reduce cancer incidence and mortality in Mexican-Americans. We used the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to develop a 10-topic menu of educational classes using elements of multiple evidence-based curricula. Outcome measures for physical activity and nutrition were determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ). Weight status was determined using weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI). To date, 2845 adults received wellness education from our program. Multiple delivery models were used to reach a larger audience; they included a 4-week model, 5-week model, employer model, low-income housing, 1- and 2-h sessions, and clinic encounters. Individuals were given education at multiple community locations including senior centers (14%), churches (0.6%), employers (17.6%), low-income housing (8.2%), community centers (16.6%), clinics (11.5%), and schools (32.5%). Our study indicates that our delivery model is feasible and can disseminate evidence-based obesity education. Further investigation is necessary to assess long-term behavioral change and to assess the most effective model for delivery.

INSIGHTS ON TEACHING CHESS TO ELDERLY CITIZENS

The purpose of this study was to explore how elderly citizens react to chess instruction. Underlying this inquiry was the belief that chess training could be useful in the care of older people by helping to maintain the cognitive vitality of seniors and reducing the likelihood of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Certain findings emerged from a pilot study of a chess training intervention with elderly citizens as participants. There were 12 participants in the study. All participants were at least 65 years of age. There were seven male participants and five female participants. The chess training intervention lasted approximately three months. The intervention occurred either in a community senior center or in a community library. The intervention sessions were weekly with each session being 90 minutes in length with some lasting 2 hours. The training made extensive use of chess-related websites available on the Internet such as chess.com and lichess.org. The instruction involved the projection of a chess-related website projected onto a large classroom screen with the use of an instructor’s computer connected to a projector that projected the computer-based image onto the screen. The chess training involved instruction in chess on topics such as tactics and basic checkmates. The chess activity that the students enjoyed the most was a group activity pitting the seniors as a group against an artificial opponent available on chess.com. The seniors tended to learn at a slower pace than undergraduates whom I have taught. Also, some of the seniors were quite timid, seemingly fearful of making a mistake. Overall, the seniors enjoyed the chess training and looked forward to the training activity.

Is body image perception and (dis)satisfaction associated with anthropometric profile of older women attending a senior community center?

ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the association between body image perception and (dis)satisfaction and the anthropometric profile of older women. Data from 60 women attending a senior community center were analyzed. Body image perception and (dis)satisfaction were considered dependent variables and were assessed using a silhouette scale constructed for the Brazilian population. The independent variables were body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and calf circumference (CC). The associations were performed by logistic and linear regression models. Half of the participants overestimated their body size and 61.7% were dissatisfied due to excess weight. Overweight older women had 3.6 times higher odds to overestimate body size and 14.4 higher odds to be dissatisfied due to excess weight compared to normal-weight women. The increase in BM, BMI, WC, and CC raised mean difference between perceived and desired BMI and the odds of dissatisfaction due to excess weight. The anthropometric profile was more important to explain (dis)satisfaction than body size perception. The stimulus to changes that provide the adequacy of the anthropometric profile may reduce dissatisfaction due to excess weight among older women.

Determination of Internet appropriation by older people through technological support services

While social support—friends, family, and colleagues—is one of the main sources of encouragement and digital literacy for older people, there is evidence that suggests that they may prefer formal sources of support. This study aims to verify the capacity of technological support services to promote literacy and Internet use by older people in multiple contexts. The participants ( N = 560) were retired adults (over 54) residing in Spain and habitual users of technological support services in four organizational contexts (nursing homes, community senior centers, university programs for seniors, and adult education programs). The results show the moderating role of organizational contexts on the capacity of formal technological supports to determine the use and appropriation of the Internet by older people. Finally, the findings are discussed in terms of their usefulness for initiatives that adapt to the needs of the users of these services.

Correlation between Sleep, Depression, Metabolic Syndrome and Cognition in Community Dwelling Elderly

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive function, subjective memory, sleep, depression and metabolic syndrome in the elderly and to identify the relation between these variables. Methods This study was descriptive research design. The data were collected from June to September 2020, 116 elderly people (aged over 65 years), who visited senior community centers. Data were analyzed using Windows SPSS Statistics 27.0 program. Collected data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis. Results The mean score of cognitive function was 24.13±3.82, subjective memory was 2.59±2.61, depression was 7.05±7.30 and sleep was 4.49±2.82. The results showed that depression was correlated with cognitive function (r=−0.20, p =0.033) and subjective memory (r=0.31, p =0.001). Cognitive function was negatively correlated with subjective memory (r=−0.24, p =0.011) and depression (r=−0.20, p =0.033). In addition, Subjective memory was positively correlated with sleep (r=0.25, p =0.006). Conclusions The findings of this study suggests that cognitive decline, subjective memory, and depression can be accompanied, therefore it is necessary to develop health assessment and intervention of the elderly in the community. Key words: Cognitive function, Subjective memory, Metabolic syndrome, Depression, Sleep