Semi-structured Form Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Existing Family Planning Practices in A Selected Upazila of Bangladesh

Introduction: Various factors contribute to knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward family planning practices in rural Bangladesh. Unfortunately, studies on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Bangladeshi nationals in a rural setting are not sufficient. Objective: This study aimed to #nd out people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices for getting family planning services in rural areas of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive study was employed to follow a semi-structured questionnaire format. A total of 36 participants were interviewed from an upazila. Relevant works of literature were reviewed to enhance our understanding of the issue in question. The questionnaires were pretested before finalization. Results: All of the 36 participants were concerned regarding family planning but 16 (44.44%) of them were currently practicing, and 8 (2.22%) of them never used any of them in their conjugal life. Of all users, the Pill was the most favorite method 24 (82.76%). Condom 2 (6.9%), Injectable 1 (3.45%), Vasectomy 1 (3.45%), and Withdrawal 1 (3.45%) methods were common in the community. Though interested in using the methods, 32 (88.89%) participants didn’t know the benefits and side effects of using them. The majority of 30 (83.33%) of them got information regarding family planning from family members, and the rest of them were from media 6 (16.67%), health workers 5 (13.89%), and neighbors 8 (22.22%). Of those who used, 23 (85.18%) of them collected family planning materials from local pharmacies and the rest of them got them from hospitals 6 (22.22%) or, other #eld workers 3 (11.11%). Though their conjugal life varied but majority of them 23 (63.88%) had 1 or, 2 children. The majority of the participants 12 (33.33%) were between 14-28 years of age group, 34 (94.44%) of them were housewives and most of them had completed secondary level 25 (69.44%). Conclusion: We can have regular meetings in the community with users and service providers to make our knowledge and practices better. People of all ages, genders, and different incomes need to be involved to support services that are based on solid evidence. We need to teach and talk a lot about ways to plan your family and the services available for it. The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 12 (2), July 2024; p 15-20

Exploring the Challenges and Strategies of Learning Arabic Language among Primary School Teachers

Several concerns concerning the acquisition of the Arabic language have been the subject of substantial discussion, one of which is the requirement to take into account a number of different elements. In order to address this issue, the current study conducted a qualitative investigation of the difficulties that primary school children face when attempting to learn Arabic, as well as the instructional methods that are utilised by primary school teachers. Interviews with a semi-structured format were carried out with 43 primary school teachers in Peninsular Malaysia who were selected through a purposeful sampling process. This guaranteeing a broad representation of experiences was achieved. Complex script, root word system, vowels, homographs, gender and quantity, and cultural context were identified as the six primary obstacles that were discovered from the findings that were gathered. In addition, eight different instructional methods were identified, including the utilisation of visual aids, learning environments that provide contextual information, iterative repetition, interactive game-based learning, targeted vocabulary exercises, narrative techniques, collaborative learning models, and the incorporation of technology. The findings of this study showed the significance of adopting a variety of flexible teaching methodologies in order to effectively cope with the complexity of language acquisition, particularly the Arabic language.

Migrant women’s perception toward cervical and breast cancer screening in Türkiye: a qualitative analysis

IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Syrian migrant women regarding breast and cervical cancer screenings in the Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul.MethodsThe women were recruited from Extended Migrant Health Centre, which is a primary health care institution in Istanbul. In August 2024, face-to-face interviews were conducted using an open-ended, semi-structured question form administered by a nurse experienced in qualitative research. Sociodemographic information, their thoughts on cancer, information on the types of cancers screened and sources of information, their participation in cancer screenings, and their perspectives on cancer screenings were asked.ResultsIn depth interviews were conducted with 40 migrant women. Four main themes and thirteen sub-themes were identified. These themes include “Opinions about the cancers and information about the cancer screenings” “Attitudes about the cancer screening program” “Perspectives on preventive measures against cancers” and “Problems in access to health services”. Women mostly described cancer as a serious, incurable, and fatal disease. Despite this perception, almost half of the participants had not attended cancer screening programs. The majority said they did not undergo screening because they had no symptoms. The other main barriers for participation included lack of knowledge, fear of receiving a negative result, or fear of the procedures involved.ConclusionsBased on this study, migrant women have low level of attendance to breast and cervical cancer screening programs. Besides, they lack adequate information about breast cancer and cervical cancer, the screening protocols and preventive measuremets.

The Impact of Physical/Natural Spaces on the Mental and Emotional Well-Being of Students According to the Report of Rural Female Teachers

In rural schools, nature is a space where teachers and students seek to feel states of emotional well-being. Activities carried out in contact with nature could be considered ideal for learning. The objective of the research was to explore the influence of physical/natural spaces on the emotional well-being of schoolchildren as reported by female teachers working in rural and indigenous contexts in the region of La Araucanía, Chile. This research is based on the hermeneutic paradigm with a case study design. The selection of participants was non-probabilistic and intentional, including 15 female teachers working in rural school contexts. The study used a semi-structured interview format, and the data were analyzed using grounded theory. According to the teachers’ discourse, the results generated three categories: (a) culture and diversity, (b) physical/natural spaces, and (c) emotional well-being. These show that natural spaces positively affect learning processes and emotional regulation. The research suggests that encouraging contact with physical/natural spaces can help create classroom climates with lower levels of conflict and tension. This, in turn, leads to higher levels of physical, psychological/mental, social, and spiritual balance, resulting in improved attitudes and motivational processes towards learning by students and teachers in rural and indigenous contexts.

Diabetes Management Using a Patient Navigator in a Native Hawaiian Population: Experiences and Perceptions of the Kilolani Project.

Native Hawaiians (NHs) are a historically oppressed population disproportionately burdened by diabetes and related complications. The Kilolani Project, a patient navigator-centered, chronic disease management program, targets upstream drivers of health among vulnerable NH adult patients with diabetes within an urban academic safety-net clinic. To investigate the impact of the Kilolani Project, we performed a qualitative study to examine patient perspectives. Our goal is to ensure that their values, needs, and priorities drive future navigator-based strategies and healthcare delivery. Fifteen current Kilolani Project patients participated in one of three focus group sessions. Each session followed a semi-structured format with open-ended questions regarding their experiences with the Kilolani Project, patient navigators, and healthcare in general. Iterative transcript readings and coding revealed seven core themes: (1) Humanistic approach, (2) Trusting relationships, (3) Improved access, (4) Trauma-informed care, (5) Self-efficacy, (6) Resilience, and (7) Ethnic concordance. The Kilolani Project created a safe and culturally relevant experience for NH patients. They felt seen, heard, and valued, which resulted in an improved healthcare experience, engagement, and empowerment. Importantly, trust was the cornerstone to building a provider-patient relationship. Such culturally informed approaches are necessary to close the gap in health disparities faced by our NH communities.

The impact of mental health training in nursing professionals in government schools of Koshi province of Nepal

Background: Despite mental health being vital for coping with life’s challenges, achieving potential, and supporting community well-being, many Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), including Nepal, still rely on institutional rather than community care. Studies have shown that adolescents, facing rapid changes and mental health challenges, benefit greatly from early intervention in schools, through the training of school health nurses in mental health. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mental health training on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of school health nurses in Koshi Province, Nepal. Methods: A prospective, Descriptive Pre- and Post-test study amongst five batches of Government School Health Nurses was conducted over three weeks, using a non-probability, convenience sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured forms and structuredquestionnaires. The available data analysed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests for comparing pre and post-training results, and regression analysis.Results: The mean post-test scores (47.28) were significantly higher than pre-test scores (37.28), indicating effective training. The study population was normally distributed, and a moderate correlation (0.661) between pre- and post-test scores demonstrates consistent improvement. The difference between scores was statistically significant (p<0.000), and effect size analysis confirmed a substantial positive impact. Conclusion: Mental health training for nurses significantly strengthens healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries facing rural disparities. This study advocates for expanding these programs and underscores the need for systemic support to maintain progress, highlighting school nurses' crucial role in sustainable, effective healthcare.

Nurses' Metaphorical Perceptions About Their Managers: A mixed-method research

Background: Research in literature have examined the leadership styles of nurse managers. However, no qualitative study based on metaphors could be found to determine the perceptions of nurses regarding their managers in depth and without limitations where they could freely express their opinions. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of nurses regarding their nurse managers with the help of metaphors. Methods: This study used a mixed methods approach to including both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This study was conducted in a total of 118 nurses between August and November 2022. The data were collected as online by the researchers through personal information form and an questionnaire including a semi-structured open-ended form. In the first part of the questionnaire, questions about socio-demographic characteristics were included, and in the second part, the sentence "My nurse manager is like…, because…" was included to determine the metaphors developed by the nurses about their nurse managers. The nurses’ answers to this question were analyzed with content analysis. Results: The metaphors formed by the participants regarding their nurse managers were gathered under 1 positive theme and 1 negative theme covering 20 categories (13 positive categories and 7 negative categories). In the study, 94 different metaphors were identified, and 53 of these were positive metaphors, while 41 were negative metaphors. In the positive sense, the participants perceived their managers as trustworthy, supportive family members, individuals who restore/coordinate, individuals who protect/defend, hardworking, source of happiness, just/fair, source of power, source of support, problem-solver, nutrition, source of knowledge, and guiding. In the negative sense, the participants perceived their managers as harming/harmful, passive, unstable/inconsistent, coercive/oppressive, opportunistic, useless, and biased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most nurses perceived their managers positively.

Navigating risk in Caspian sturgeon conservation: mapping manager risk perceptions with species conservation measures

ABSTRACT The six species of sturgeon endemic to the Caspian are among the most critically endangered species in the world. Conservation of these species therefore entails balancing harvests and investments in rehabilitating wild populations. Using a semi-structured interview format, this study interviewed sturgeon aquaculture and hatchery managers in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to explore how risks to Caspian sturgeon are understood and negotiated by employing Soviet-era and modern-day aquaculture techniques. The results highlight how manager risk perceptions for species conservation are increasingly tied to market risks rather than restocking risks. Recommendations for integrating commercial techniques with scientific research programmes are offered.

Development of a web-based tool to assess daily rating of perceived exertion in agility dogs.

To develop a web-based tool for daily use by agility handlers to log rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for dogs as an aid in quantifying daily exercise and training load and to improve training and conditioning strategies. Focus group meetings with small groups of handlers were conducted via internet-based video conferencing using a semi-structured interview format. Meeting notes were coded for reflexive thematic analysis. The RPE logging tool was revised based on handler feedback. Each handler was asked to log their dog's daily RPE data for 1 week. Data were analyzed to assess compliance and timeliness of entries. Participants completed a post-logging questionnaire to provide feedback about their experiences. Eighteen agility dog handlers participated in all phases of the project. Handler and dog demographics were similar to previously reported demographics of agility participants in the United States. Reflexive thematic analysis of their comments related to the initial draft RPE logging tool yielded 3 initial themes, all of which supported a fourth and major theme: the need for specific and detailed training resources before agility handlers utilized the RPE tool. Of 18 handlers, 14 (78%) submitted logging records for the full week. Median time for data entry was 87 s (IQR = 56-117 s), and 92% of logging records were entered within 1 day of the events which were being recorded. In the follow-up questionnaire the handlers did not identify any major concerns. Based on all available data from the handlers, a final version of the RPE logging tool was produced. Agility dog handlers are very interested in developing and validating tools to quantify training load for their dogs. The final RPE logging tool was quick and easy to use. Further validation of this logging tool is required with a larger number of handlers and comparison to physiologic data from exercising dogs.

Nurse Leader Perspectives on Precepting in a Graduate Nursing Administration Practicum.

To describe practicum experiences as perceived by nurse leader preceptors of graduate students in a nursing administration practicum. Practicum experiences in graduate nursing administration programs provide students with exposure to the real-life experiences of nurse leaders, bridging the gap between academic knowledge gained and the application of that information to the workplace. The literature lacks best practices for graduate nursing administration practicum experiences. Eight nurse leaders were interviewed using a semistructured format. Data were transcribed and subjected to selective thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: professional and personal growth, transition of education into practice, academic partner engagement and support, time, and contributions to the organization. Leadership practicum experiences provide a real-world perspective and are an essential part of growing future nurse leaders. This study yielded invaluable insight from nurse leader preceptors, recommendations for structuring graduate nursing administration practicums, and implications for sustaining resilient academic-practice partnerships.

Prescription for change: Unveiling burnout perspectives among pharmacy leaders

Background: Burnout among pharmacists is increasingly pertinent, with growing demand for effective interventions. Burnout can lead to reduced productivity, increased job turnover, medical errors, poor patient satisfaction, and other negative outcomes for patients and providers. Growing attention to burnout in the pharmacy profession highlights the need for personal, organizational, and systemic solutions. However, the uptake and relative efficacy of different approaches remain unclear, particularly within community pharmacy practice. This study sought the viewpoint of community pharmacy leaders (i.e., community pharmacy managers, district managers, franchisees, owners, and executives from various pharmacy organizations) to characterize burnout from their perspectives. Methods: This qualitative study followed a grounded theory approach. Community pharmacy leaders were interviewed using a semistructured format to gather in-depth insights into their experiences and perspectives on burnout and engagement. Results: Sixteen people were interviewed; interviews lasted 30 to 65 minutes, averaging 51 minutes long. Six themes were identified: perceived disconnection between front-line staff and pharmacy decision-makers, overwhelming work demands, cautious optimism toward the expanding scope of pharmacy practice, the importance of employee recognition and appreciation, appropriateness and use of existing work resources, and multimodal, systemic responsibility and solutions to burnout. Conclusion: Addressing burnout requires a multifaceted approach involving personal, organizational, and systemic interventions. Evidence from this study provides valuable insights into the feasibility and efficacy of specific interventions, informing future strategies to enhance workplace well-being and engagement. The study highlights the importance of managing job demands and maximizing resources, emphasizing that personal approaches alone are insufficient and that organizational and systemic interventions are crucial.

Individual and System Level Factors Contributing to Guideline Nonadherent Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis at a Tertiary Healthcare System: A Qualitative Analysis.

Antibiotics play a crucial role in preventing surgical site infections, yet adherence to Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines varies widely. This qualitative study aimed to explore factors influencing perioperative antibiotic administration and assess the potential impact of a clinical decision support tool on guideline adherence. In this qualitative study, perioperative personnel with diverse roles (surgeons, anesthesiologists, certified nurse anesthetists, trainees, and pharmacists) were interviewed using a semistructured interview format from September 2023 through April 2024. Interviews were then analyzed for codes, which were assigned to concepts using the constant comparison method for assessment of factors that were described as barriers or facilitators of guideline adherence. After 3 piloting interviews, 9 sessions were conducted with a total of 17 participants: 7 attending anesthesiologists, 3 resident trainees, 2 perioperative pharmacists, 3 Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, and 2 attending surgeons. Key themes emerged: (1) limited familiarity with Infectious Disease Society of America antibiotic guidelines, (2) lack of standardization and optimization of antibiotic decision-making process, (3) challenges with managing β-lactam allergies, (4) difficulty optimizing vancomycin timing, and (5) perceived benefit of a clinical decision support tool in enhancing workflow and guideline adherence. Nonadherence to antibiotic guidelines in the perioperative setting often results from a lack of structured workflow. The interviews provide a foundation for developing a clinical decision support tool tailored to provider needs, aiming to improve user satisfaction and promote better adherence to perioperative antibiotic guidelines.

Pregnancy and Postpartum Experiences of Women Diagnosed with Preeclampsia: A Qualitative Study

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pregnancy and postpartum experiences of women diagnosed with preeclampsia. Methods: The study was conducted with a qualitative design. Data were collected through face-to-face or online interviews using a semi-structured form with 18 women who gave birth with a diagnosis of preeclampsia in the first six months following delivery at a university hospital in Istanbul. The findings were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.1±4.1 years. 61.1% of the participants had preterm delivery, 88.8% stayed in the hospital for 2-6 days, and the mean duration after delivery was 90.3±44.6 days. Participants were diagnosed with preeclampsia at an average of 28.5±3.8 weeks. Five themes were identified as a result of qualitative interviews: “reaction to the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia”, ‘postpartum effects of pre-eclampsia’, ‘information gathering’, ‘social support’ and ‘lifestyle changes and pregnancy intention’. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PE affects women’s experiences during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The results indicate that women needed professional assistance with a multidisciplinary approach during this period.

"I'm always fighting the Coronavirus because it's dangerous to my family": Children's agency, resilience, and role in the family during COVID-19 in Israel.

This study explores the experiences of Israeli children (N = 50) aged 3-6 years from middle to high socioeconomic status on the COVID-19 pandemic from their own perspectives. Following a qualitative-phenomenological paradigm and utilizing a semistructured interview format designed to involve children through a card game, this research seeks to unearth the nuanced dynamics of parent-child communication against the backdrop of Israel's distinctive sociopolitical context, characterized by "deep securitization" and some of the strictest COVID-19 restrictions enforced globally. Based on the interviews conducted with children, four main themes emerged: (1) how children were exposed to information; (2) types of information children were exposed to; (3) active mediation versus restrictive mediation; and (4) militant discourse and desire to fight. Incorporating multisystem theory (Masten & Narayan, 2012) to explore the interplay of risk and protective factors, the study situates these within Israel's unique sociopolitical context which engendered expressions of resilience and agency among young children. By highlighting the interrelationships between national security measures and family life, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex factors that affected young children's experiences during the pandemic, highlighting the workings of the transformation of adversity into resilience within contextually specific settings during times of crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploring the Perspectives of Students with Disabilities on the Reasonable Accommodations Provided in Higher Education Institutions

The purpose of this study was to explore the available treatment for students with disabilities (SWD) in post-secondary education. the main research question focuses on exploring the perspectives of SWD about the reasonable accommodation focuses they received at King Saud University (KSU), and Princess Nourah University (PNU). A qualitative research methodology was used, information was subsequently collected from 12 SWD via a semi-structured interview format and using Thematic analysis to write the result report. some significant results arose, such as that the majority of SWDs stated that CDSS helps assist with their schooling. Many, however, said that the faculty did not understand their demands and that they needed instruction in this area. They also expressed dissatisfaction with admissions procedures that bar them from enrolling in certain departments. Received: 16 May 2024 / Accepted: 16 September 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024

Maternal and infant food insecurity: A qualitative investigation into women’s experiences during and after pregnancy in South London

A period of the life course where optimal nutrition and food security are crucial for the life-long health and wellbeing of women/birthing parents and infants is preconception, pregnancy, and infancy.(1) It is estimated that nearly one in every four households with pre-school children (0-4 years) experience food insecurity (FI) in the UK.(2) Yet, we lack an evidence-base exploring experiences of FI in this life course stage.(3,4) This study aimed to explore women’s experiences of food insecurity during and after pregnancy, including its influence on infant feeding decisions.This study was ethically approved (Ref No: LRS/DP-23/24-39437) and pre-registered on OSF Registries (https://osf.io/9hn6r). Semi-structured mixed format individual interviews were conducted between November 2023 and February 2024. Pregnant individuals, those who had given birth ≤12 months ago, ≥18 years old, food insecure, residing in South London and with recourse to public funds were recruited through purposive sampling. The topic guide was informed by FI, pregnancy and postpartum related literature and piloted (n = 2). Interviews were audiorecorded and professionally transcribed. Demographic data was summarised using SPSS. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and was completed using NVivo.Eleven food insecure participants (2 pregnant, 9 new mothers; 2 White European, 9 Black African/Caribbean/British women) participated in the study. Six women were 0-6 months postpartum, and 3 women were between 6-12 months postpartum. The preliminary findings are represented by three themes: 1) A dichotomy: knowing vs affording, 2) Adaptive food coping strategies, and 3) Infant feeding practices. Participants shared detailed accounts of valuing a healthy diet and adapting food practices, yet they still were unable to meet their dietary needs and desires during and after pregnancy. Participants described worry around breastmilk supply; quality and quantity. Complimentary feeding was also identified as a source of worry. “She is still breastfeeding fully. I don’t want to change to milk, which maybe, sometimes, I might not be able to afford it…I won’t stop until she is 1.”Whilst the cost of formula feeding was a driver of a more severe experience of FI.Policy and practice recommendations include enhancing local breastfeeding support to address FI specific concerns around breastmilk supply and at national level, advocating for greater support for adequate healthy food provision and for a price cap on infant formula. Future interventions must support maternal mental health given the high cognitive stress identified with living with FI during and after pregnancy. Further high-quality research is needed 1) amongst asylum seekers and refugees and non-English speakers who may also experience FI, and 2) exploring cultural influences on breastfeeding and the relationship with FI.

Public views on open data health research in Switzerland: Implications for research and policy

Abstract Background The increasing volume of publicly available data offers health researchers opportunities to explore public sentiment through open data research on issues such as vaccination hesitancy and fake news propagation. To ensure ethical conduct and maintain public trust, assessing public perceptions of open data research in healthcare is crucial. Methods We conducted 10 focus groups across the German, French, and Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland. We presented participants with real-world examples of open data research in healthcare and guided discussions using a semi-structured format. The topic areas were: (1) using Twitter data to assess public opinion on gene-editing technology, (2) assessment of health policy documents, (3) using Twitter data to predict individual health status and (4) using YouTube data to assess public sentiment on health policies. We assessed our findings using a thematic analysis approach. Results Gathering insights from 75 citizens, four major themes emerged: (1) Expectations towards actors and open data research, such as using research findings for societal benefit, and ensuring transparency in data use through informed consent; (2) Supportive measures including communication strategies to raise awareness and inform the public about the use of publicly available data for health research; (3) Concerns about data reuse for purposes beyond the study’s objectives, especially for financial gain, and about data validity and privacy, particularly for sensitive health data; and (4) Mitigative measures to minimize harm, such as through the involvement of external oversight committees. Conclusions Our findings indicate public support for open data research in healthcare, provided that specific expectations are met. Developing a guiding framework for legitimate open data research in healthcare is a valuable next step, with a focus on enhancing public awareness through communication campaigns and providing oversight measures to foster public trust. Key messages • Open data research in healthcare relies on public data use without explicit consent, which can disconnect the research community from society. • We found that public support for open data research in healthcare is generally present, however it is also conditional on communication and policy efforts addressing their concerns.

Ethical issues after the earthquake in Turkey: A qualitative study on nurses' perspectives.

After natural disasters, the urgent need for survival and rescue operations for those trapped in the rubble results in a heightened demand for healthcare services. Nurses are pivotal in addressing the consequences of such calamities. Nurses operating in critical conditions encounter numerous challenges, including safety issues and ethical quandaries. The ethical considerations primarily revolve around the limitations, duties, and modified norms of care administered by nurses during disasters, presenting both significant and complex challenges. The study was designed to elucidate the nature and essence of nurses' care experiences and to offer an in-depth depiction of the ethical dilemmas while attending to individuals injured in the earthquake. A descriptive phenomenological design was used in this research. A total of 16 nurses who worked for at least 7 days in field hospitals in any of the earthquake regions after the 2023 earthquake in Turkey participated in the research. The research was conducted between March 13 and March 20, 2023. Data were collected by face-to-face interview method with a semistructured form. The steps of Colaizzi's phenomenological method were used to analyze the qualitative data. The study involved a group of 16 Turkish nurses, aged between 20 and 36 years. Through data analysis, four primary themes, 14 subthemes, and 25 codes were identified. The principal themes derived from the interviews included "humanitarian duties," "non-adherence to ethical principles," "respect for the injured," and "medical errors." In this intricate process, it becomes paramount to enhance support for nurses in the domains of management, education, and psychosocial assistance, thereby nurturing their individual and professional acumen, commitment, and ethical sensitivity. Refining the guidelines and professional standards that encapsulate the principles to be adhered to by nurses in disaster scenarios, coupled with providing comprehensive training in both medical and ethical competencies, represents a significant avenue for advancement. Focused training on crisis management will enable nurses to render ethically informed decisions and bolster their professional proficiency. Natural disasters, including earthquakes, pose significant ethical challenges for healthcare professionals, especially nurses who play a pivotal role in delivering care during these emergencies. Issues such as resource allocation and triage, the duty of care and ensuring continuity of care, informed consent and communication, cultural sensitivity, and providing psychosocial support are critical ethical considerations for nursing policies in earthquake situations. Addressing these ethical issues in nursing policies related to earthquakes is crucial for maintaining the integrity of healthcare delivery, preserving public trust, and ensuring the well-being of both the injured and healthcare providers during times of crisis.

Buying Jewelry Online: A Study of Buyer Characteristics for Buying Behavior

The study investigated how buyer characteristics influence on buying jewelry online, particularly in Sri Lankan jewelry market. Given the intricate nature of online jewelry purchasing decisions, this study was vital. The objective was to understand the ways consumer characteristics shape their purchasing decisions. Qualitative research method was employed, using multiple case studies. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen participants using semi-structured format. Analysis used thematic analysis, incorporating both within-case and cross-case methods. Results indicate that online jewelry purchasing is multifaceted, marked by numerous uncertainties. Before purchasing, consumers meticulously examine specifics like material quality, cost, size, and design. This heightened scrutiny is largely due to the inherent value of jewelry and absence of physical inspection before buying online. As a result, brands must prioritize consumer needs and align their offerings with customer expectations. The insights are invaluable for future business owners, marketers, web creators, designers, and producers in comprehending what consumers anticipate. Received: 1 July 2024 | Revised: 23 August 2024 | Accepted: 8 October 2024 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available and we can provide on request, on case-by-case basis. Author Contribution Statement Gunasekare U.L.T.P: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Jayawardena M: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization.

APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL ACCOUNTING: HEURISTIC THINKING IN INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING BY CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTORS

This study aims to examine the impact of heuristic involvement on the behavior and decisions of cryptocurrency investors. The study employs an interpretivism paradigm with a qualitative approach to understand the perspectives of both beginner and experienced cryptocurrency investors, using interviews, observations, and document analysis. Four cryptocurrency investors participated in the study. Interviews were conducted three times a week, while observations followed a semi-structured format to gather in-depth insights from four investors. Document analysis complemented the findings by reviewing relevant literature on the impact on investment behavior. Data collection included non-participant observations of investor behavior and decision-making habits, interviews that explored the factors influencing these decisions, and an analysis of documents, including previous research on heurism biases. Heuristic representativeness is a useful tool to predict the development of cryptocurrencies in the long term to a certain extent.