Semi-structured Approach Research Articles

Authenticity and woman’s leadership: a qualitative study of professional business services in the UK

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the research question: how do women leaders in the professional business services (PBS) sector develop and approach workplace (in)authenticity?Design/methodology/approachTen senior women leaders in the Midlands region of the UK were purposefully selected and interviewed. A semi-structured approach meant that the author adopted a social constructionist paradigm and feminist interpretation. Questions were designed to elicit rich descriptions from the participants. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted to address the study’s purpose.FindingsFour themes were important to women when they developed and approached workplace (in)authenticity: (1) Power Structures, (2) Fit to Belong, (3) Influential Femininity and (4) Through Her Evolution. Women described masculine-majority organisations exerting power. They were pressured into altering their behaviours to “fit” into workplaces. When women had the latitude to be themselves, their leadership excelled. Women’s authenticity developed through increased self-knowledge, helping them to overcome workplace challenges. The study concluded that women face complexities when developing and approaching their constructions of authenticity, namely in the barriers and ramifications they face.Practical implicationsThe study suggests several implications for practice and theory concerning enablers and barriers to women leaders' workplace authenticity. The link between authenticity and workplace gender equity needs to be investigated.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence that women are challenged when becoming authentic, therefore, altering their careers irrecoverably in some cases.

Medical Access and Care Continuity: Qualitative Assessments of Patients with Breast Cancer and Family Members' Experiences Following the 2011 Triple Disaster in Fukushima, Japan.

While studies have examined the effects of large-scale disasters on disaster-vulnerable individuals, these analyses may not capture the full impact. This study qualitatively explored the impacts of the March 2011 Fukushima triple disaster on patients with breast cancer and their families, aiming to highlight the importance of incorporating family narratives to grasp the full effect of large-scale disasters. Utilizing the medical records from two hospitals, deceased patients with breast cancer from the disaster period were identified. Relatives were interviewed using a semi-structured approach. Thematic analysis was conducted via the Braun and Clarke method and Taguette transcription software. Interviews with seven family members of six patients revealed three main themes: the family's caregiving burden and their deepened bonds with the patient, the patients' extensive medical challenges and their physical and mental decline, and the shared confusion during the disaster due to resource shortages and evacuation dilemmas. This study uncovered significant infrastructural issues such as reduced medical support and the heavy caregiving load on families, amidst some strengthened relationships during a time of crisis. Future research should investigate these issues across various disaster contexts, and proactive measures should be implemented to prevent exacerbation of these challenges.

Citizen science initiatives document biodiversity baselines at an urban lake.

Changes to biodiversity from urbanization are occurring worldwide, and baseline data is vital to document the magnitude and direction of these alterations. We set out to document the biodiversity of an urban lake in Eastern Iowa that was devoid of baseline data prior to a renovation project that will convert the site into a major area for human recreation. Throughout the course of one year, we studied the biodiversity at Cedar Lake utilizing the citizen-science application iNaturalist coupled with semi-structured BioBlitz events, which we compared to previous opportunistic observations at the site. From a semi-structured approach to document biodiversity with citizen science, our analyses revealed more diverse community metrics over a shorter period compared to more than a decade of prior observations.

Exploring Factors for Implementation of EPAs in Pediatric Subspecialty Fellowships: A Qualitative Study of Program Directors.

To understand fellowship program directors' (FPDs) perspectives on facilitators and barriers to using entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in pediatric subspecialty training. We performed a qualitative study of FPDs, balancing subspecialty, program size, geographic region and current uses of EPAs. A study coordinator conducted 1-on-1 interviews using a semistructured approach to explore EPA use or nonuse and factors supporting or preventing their use. Investigators independently coded transcribed interviews using an inductive approach and the constant comparative method. Group discussion informed code structure development and refinement. Iterative data collection and analysis continued until theoretical sufficiency was achieved, yielding a thematic analysis. Twenty-eight FPDs representing 11 pediatric subspecialties were interviewed, of whom 16 (57%) reported current EPA use. Five major themes emerged: (1) facilitators including the intuitive nature and simple wording of EPAs; (2) barriers such as workload burden and lack of a regulatory requirement; (2) variable knowledge and training surrounding EPAs, leading to differing levels of understanding; (3) limited current use of EPAs, even among self-reported users; and (4) complementary nature of EPAs and milestones. FPDs acknowledged the differing strengths of both EPAs and milestones but sought additional knowledge about the value added by EPAs for assessing trainees, including the impact on outcomes. Identified themes can inform effective and meaningful EPA implementation strategies: Supporting and educating FPDs, ongoing assessment of the value of EPAs in training, and practical integration with current workflow. Generating additional data and engaging stakeholders is critical for successful implementation for the pediatric subspecialties.

Expectation and perception of nursing students in caring for patient with deteriorating: A descriptive qualitative study

Introduction: Nursing students commonly exhibit low confidence levels when handling complex patient conditions, particularly those involving deteriorating health. Their lack of confidence and competence in managing deteriorating patients may potentially cause harm and even lead to fatal consequences if early recognition of such conditions is not made, given their role as primary responders in healthcare settings.Objective: This study aims to explore the expectation and percetiption of nursing students in caring for deteriorating patients.Methods: A descriptive, qualitative approach was employed, utilizing purposive sampling to select participants. Specifically, nursing students from a school in Pahang were chosen for this study. A topic guide was provided during interviews, employing a semi-structured approach with open-ended questions. Data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis, resulting in the identification of themes and subthemes. Results: Findings revealed that 37.5% of the nursing students were not ready, while others felt prepared despite encountering various barriers and challenges. Three themes emerged: 1) unpredictable, 2) predictable, and 3) anticipated.Conclusions: In summary, the readiness of nursing students in providing care for deteriorating patients significantly influences the care received by the patient, both directly and indirectly. Despite struggling to adapt to challenges, the nursing students displayed willingness to provide nursing care.

Bourdieu’nün “Habitus” Kavramıyla Twitter’daki Eğilimleri Pekiştirme Olgusunun Aşı Tartışmaları Üzerinden İncelenmesi

Pierre Bourdieu, toplumsal yaşamdaki olguları açıklamak için habitus, alan, sermaye gibi bazı kavramlara değinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Bourdieu’nün toplumsal yaşam için kullandığı kavramların sosyal medya üzerindeki iz düşümleri, bireysel ve toplumsal kanaatlerin biçimlenmesinde belirleyici bir platform olduğu düşünülen Twitter özelinde incelenmiştir. Twitter’ın algoritmalar yardımıyla bireylerin eğilimlerini yönlendirme ve pekiştirme konusundaki yansıması, aşı tartışmaları üzerinden irdelenmiştir. Bu noktada başta, Bourdieu’nün kullandığı habitus kavramıyla, Twitter’daki algoritmalar ve filtre baloncuklarının insanlar üzerinde benzer tesirlere sebep olduğu çıkarımından faydalanılmıştır. Böylece olumlamacı perspektiften yapılan yorumlarda çok sesli olarak addedilen sosyal medyanın, bilfiil yaşamdaki fikirlerin şekillenme sürecindeki rolü sorgulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Twitter'ın iddia edildiği gibi çok sesliliği sağlayıp sağlamadığı veya algoritmaların ve doğrulama yanlılığının etkisiyle farklı görüşlerin duyulmasını engelleyip engellemediğini anlamaya çalışmaktır. Araştırmada, Twitter kullanıcılarının deneyimlerini ölçümlemek ve bireysel kanaatlerin oluşumundaki sosyo-kültürel durumu yakından analiz etmek için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğinden faydalanılarak; betimsel bir analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sosyal medya platformlarının algoritmalar, filtre baloncuklarından oluşan doğası gereği, kullanıcıları çok seslilikten ziyade, kendi çevreleriyle kısıtlamaya sürüklediği ve bunun da bireylerin hâlihazırdaki fikirlerinin daha da pekişmesine ve çevrelerinin tekdüze kanaatlerle kuşatılmasına sebep olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Entrepreneurial Marketing in Village Owned Enterprises (VOEs): A Qualitative Study of Village Owned Enterprises in Indonesia

This study explores the main dimensions of the entrepreneurial marketing concept in village-owned enterprises and assesses how far marketing strategies are currently consistent with the entrepreneurial marketing approach. This research method is qualitative with a semi-structured in-depth interview approach based on seven elements of the entrepreneurial marketing concept with twelve directors of selected village-owned enterprises. Data were collected and analyzed using thematic analysis facilitated by ATLAS.ti software. The findings from this research show that village-owned enterprises have succeeded in adapting and implementing the entrepreneurial marketing concept, which is essential for their business. The main motivation for this research is that empirical investigation of entrepreneurial marketing from the perspective of village-owned enterprises has received little attention.

An institutional perspective on application programming interface development and integration

PurposeDigital platforms increase their function and scope by leveraging boundary resources and complementary add-on products from third-party developers to interact with external entities and producers. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are essential boundary resources developers use to connect applications, systems and platforms. This notwithstanding, previous API studies tend to focus more on the technical dimensions, with little on the social and cultural contexts underpinning API innovations. This study relies on the new (neo) institutional theory (focusing on regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars) as an analytical lens to understand the institutional forces that affect API integration among digital firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a qualitative case study methodology and relies on phone calls and a semi-structured in-depth interview approach of a Ghanaian digital music platform to uncover the institutional forces affecting API integration.FindingsThe findings reveal that regulative institutions such as excessive tax regimes mostly constrained API development and integration initiatives. However, other regulative institutions like the government digitalization agenda enabled API integration. Normative institutions, such as the growing use of e-payment options, enabled API integration in digital music platforms. Cultural-cognitive institutions like employee ego constrained the API integration process in music digital platforms.Originality/valueThis study primarily contributes to deepening understanding of the relevant literature by exploring the institutional forces that affect API integration among digital firms in a developing economy. The study also uncovered a new form of an institution known as motivational institution as an enabler for API development and integration in digital music platforms.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PADDY AND PRICING ISSUES THROUGH PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN A RICE COMPANY

This research aims to improve the quality of paddy and address pricing issues through process optimization in APRM. The study focuses on identifying the manufacturing process of paddy, optimizing it to enhance quality, and suggesting procurement practices to resolve pricing issues. The research employed a semi-structured interview approach to collect data. The findings provide valuable recommendations for APRM to optimize the manufacturing process, improve paddy quality, and establish fair pricing structures. The significance of the study lies in its potential to enhance APRM's market competitiveness, improve farmer welfare, promote sustainability, contribute to the agricultural industry's advancement, and influence policy and decision-making. The research concludes with a discussion, highlighting the research's implications, addressing gaps in the literature, and offering recommendations for future research. Implementing the suggested strategies can lead to improved paddy quality, stable pricing, and overall growth for APRM and the agricultural sector. By implementing the suggested strategies, APRM has the opportunity to achieve improved paddy quality, stable pricing, and overall growth, thereby positioning itself as a leading player in the rice industry.

Supported: Supporting, enabling, and sustaining homecare workers to deliver end-of-life care: A qualitative study protocol

Background Homecare workers provide essential care at home for people at end-of-life but are often poorly trained and supported. Aim To explore the experiences and needs of homecare workers and the views of homecare clients and carers, and other community-based health and social care staff about the homecare worker role, including identification of good practice. Methods In this qualitative exploratory study, we will conduct 150 semi-structured interviews with homecare workers within three geographic English localities chosen for maximum socio-demographic variation. Eligible participants will be consenting adults providing care services (workers [n = 45], managers [n = 15] community practitioners [n = 30]), receiving care (clients thought to be in the last 6 months of life [n = 30], family carers [n = 15], or commissioners of homecare services supporting end-of-life care [n = 15]. Interviews may adopt a Pictor-guided or standard semi-structured approach according to their preference. Managers and commissioners can contribute to an online focus group if preferred. A range of recruitment strategies will be used, including through homecare agencies, local authorities, local NHS services, charities, voluntary sector groups and social media. Interviews and focus groups will be recorded, transcribed, anonymised, and analysed adopting a case-based approach for each geographic area within-case and then comparison across cases using reflexive thematic analysis. The design and analysis will be informed by Bronfenbrenner’s Adapted Ecological Systems theory. This study is registered on the Research Registry (No.8613). Contribution We will provide evidence on ways to improve the experiences and address the needs of homecare workers in relation to caring for people nearing end-of-life. It will offer insight into good practice around supporting homecare workers including responding to their training and development needs. Findings will inform subsequent stages of an evaluation-phase study of a training resource for homecare workers.

The transnational dimension of organised crime: an investigation into the operational structure of cybercrime in Nigeria

The world of Transnational Organised Crime (TOC) is a complex and multifaceted one. At present, no part of the world is immune from the corrupting influence and destabilising effects of Transnational Organised Crime. Their influence is global, and in certain circumstances, their convergence poses the greatest risk. The purpose of this article is to examine existing literature on TOC and demonstrate that the development of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) and globalisation has led to the expansion and complexity of criminal organisations that take advantage of these changes for financial gain. The study focused on how cybercrime perpetrators in Nigeria learn in practice. Collaboration is found as a pivotal element in the learning process and is commonly characterised by both informal and contractual engagement between young people who are interested in cyber criminality and others who have substantial expertise in the illicit industry. A total of 29 cybercrime perpetrators were recruited on purpose with the semi-structured interview approach to gather qualitative data. A range of themes was identified through the use of NVivo (v.12), a qualitative software, and subsequently analysed using a content qualitative analytical tool. This study employs a qualitative methodology to explore various dimensions of the social learning process,information-sharing practises, group dynamics, and network paradigm of cybercrime perpetrators in Nigeria. Results indicate that the operational framework of cybercrime in Nigeria is complex and heavily reliant on co-offending, criminal apprenticeship, and criminal mentoring. Respondents emphasised that these elements give direct support in the context of criminal activities. The paper concludes that transnational crime cannot be effectively addressed from a national standpoint; rather, a concerted international and regional effort is required to enhance the fragile capacities of states, subregions, and regional organisations

DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL MODEL- EFFECTIVE TEACHING QUALITY OF ACADEMICIANS TOWARDS MOOCS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN

Introduction - IT experts and academicians adopted e-learning to expedite quality education. quality education has a necessity; therefore, higher education is getting a good job to partner with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). MOOC is the virtual learning platform to reform education by adopting information and communication technology infrastructure that aimed to increase the opportunities for quality education. MOOCs can be used by skilled and professional academicians who deliver their knowledge and expertise for acquiring learners’ ability to read, write, technical skills, and critical thinking through digital transformation. Academicians who are teaching in MOOCs should have good skills in digital literacy, online pedagogy, and willingness to accept MOOCs initiatives in HEIs in Pakistan. Purpose/Problem - This research aims to examine the impact of the teaching quality of academicians towards the teaching quality design of MOOCs in higher education institutions, and also determine their behavioral intention towards the acceptance of MOOCs initiatives. This research study is focused on MOOCs platform usage and acceptance in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Methodology – Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model will be utilized to examine the hypothesis that influences academician intention towards accepting MOOCs. This study will be used a mixed-method approach to gather information. The Quantitative approach will be used to obtain the data collection for identifying the effects of independent and moderating variables on the dependent variable. SPSS and PLS-SEM 3 statistical tools will be used for data interpretation and analysis. The qualitative semi-structured approach will be used to gather more information about the area of the research survey by conducting interviews with MOOC administrators/developers, explanatory-sequencing approach should be used for more confirmation to validate and reliable the survey data collected. NVivo 12 will be used to analyze the unstructured text, audio, and video data; for interviews, focus groups, and journal articles. Outcome – In this research, MOOC platform has been intended to study and identify the effect of teaching quality of academicians towards MOOCs and their acceptance. The application of HEIs and MOOCs will prove to be the most promising integration for quality education in the year to come under one umbrella. Therefore, a unified MOOC can be recommended in the reflection of research investigations for successfully implementing MOOCs in Pakistan's higher education institutions.

Understanding Challenges of Genetic Testing on Neuromuscular Disorders from the Parental Lens.

Neuromuscular disorders, characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, present substantial challenges to both affected individuals and their families. Genetic testing assumes a pivotal role in facilitating early diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and informed family planning for these conditions. The objective of this qualitative study is to delve into the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions surrounding genetic testing within the cohort of parents caring for individuals with neuromuscular disorders in Malaysia. A semi-structured interview approach was employed to elicit data from parents of individuals diagnosed with neuromuscular disorders, encompassing those with clinical diagnoses and those diagnosed through genetic testing. Examination of the interview responses yielded nine overarching themes, which furnish invaluable insights into the perspectives of Malaysian parents concerning genetic testing. The study discerned several challenges associated with genetic testing, notably encompassing the limited awareness among parents, the financial constraints associated with genetic testing, and the perceived significance of genetic testing in the context of neuromuscular disorders. The findings suggest that the level of knowledge and awareness pertaining to genetic testing for neuromuscular disorders among parents in Malaysia varies, with initial levels of awareness ranging from relatively low to reasonably sufficient prior to and following the birth of an affected child. However, the investigation revealed that parents tended to cultivate more favorable perceptions regarding genetic testing subsequent to their experience with genetic counseling. This underscores the potential for heightened awareness and comprehension as a consequence of the personal experience of parenting an affected child confirmed through genetic testing and genetic counseling, ultimately influencing parental awareness.

Taiwanese junior high social studies teachers’ definitions of sustainability

This study explores Taiwanese junior high school social studies teachers’ definitions of sustainability, using a qualitative semi-structured interview approach. Three themes explaining these teachers’ definitions are cycling, cultural sustainability, and balancing, harmony, and coexisting. These definitions unveil an alternative worldview that is non-Eurocentric-based and multifaceted dimensions of sustainability. Findings suggest that instead of claiming that we should have a consistent definition to guide teachers to implement environmental and sustainability education across different subjects, it is important to acknowledge the fact that teachers trained in different disciplines and of different cultural backgrounds need a whole range of support to incorporate sustainability goals successfully in their teaching. Supported by results of this study, social studies teachers can reasonably support the teaching of controversial issues about tensions between cultural sustainability and economic development.

Strategies Proposed by Students and Pharmacists for Virtual Experiential Patient Care Practicums.

Background: The University of British Columbia (UBC) Pharmacists Clinic (the Clinic) is a pharmacist-led patient care clinic serving as a practice site for experiential education in a team-based primary care practice. Given the unprecedented circumstances surrounding COVID-19, some pharmacy practice sites have permanently transitioned select experiential education activities to a virtual format. Currently, there is limited literature on teaching practices that are conducive to students' success in a virtual environment. Objective: To determine the factors that enable successful development of a virtual patient care practicum experience at a university clinic from the perspectives of student pharmacists and practice educators. Methods: A qualitative research methodology was used to gain the perspectives of student pharmacists, who did not have experience with virtual practicums, and practice educators, who had some experience with virtual practicums at the time of the study. Separate focus group interviews were conducted using a semi-structured approach and consisted of questions aimed at gathering insight into participant perspectives on virtual practicums. The focus group sessions were audio recorded with participant consent and transcribed. A thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Results: Three pharmacist practice educators and three student pharmacists participated in their respective focus groups. Six major themes were developed based on the data: (1) technology optimization, (2) patient care related activities, (3) student-practice educator relationship, (4) student skill development, (5) student support, and (6) in-person vs virtual practicum preferences. Proposed strategies to mitigate the limitations of virtual practicums included setting communication guidelines, arranging enriching learning opportunities, and having reliable internet connection. Conclusion: The participants in this study provided insight on factors to support successful development and delivery of a virtual patient care practicum. The results from this study can be applied to other health disciplines and their approach to virtual practicums during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Top-level leaders and implementation strategies to support organizational diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) interventions: a qualitative study of top-level DEIB leaders in healthcare organizations

BackgroundThe Black Lives Matter movement and COVID-19 pandemic motivated the wide-scale adoption of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) initiatives within healthcare organizations and the creation of DEIB top-level leader positions. The next step is to understand how these leaders contribute to the implementation of DEIB interventions, a task with notable salience due to not only the historical difficulties associated with DEIB strategy execution, but also the substantial evidence that leadership plays a significant role in implementation processes. Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study is to understand the role of top-level DEIB leaders in the implementation of healthcare organizational DEIB interventions.MethodsA qualitative research approach which used an in-depth semi-structured interview approach was employed. We conducted thirty-one 60–90-min semi-structured interviews with DEIB top-level leaders between February 2022 and October 2022 over Zoom. An iterative coding process was used to identify the key implementation strategies and activities of DEIB top-level leaders.ResultsInterviewees were mostly Black, majority female, and mostly heterosexual and had a variety of educational backgrounds. We identified the DEIB top-level leader as the DEIB strategy implementation champion. These leaders drive five DEIB implementation strategies: (1) People, (2) Health Equity, (3) Monitoring and Feedback, (4) Operational Planning and Communication, and (5) External Partners. Within these, we identified 19 significant activities that describe the unique implementation strategies supported by the DEIB top-level leaders.ConclusionsTo move toward sustained commitment to DEIB, the organization must focus on not only establishing DEIB interventions, but on their successful implementation. Our findings help explicate the implementation activities that drive the DEIB initiatives of healthcare organizations and the role of DEIB leaders. Our work can help healthcare organizations systematically identify how to support the success of DEIB organizational interventions.

Preventing Stunting Through Digital Family Empowerment: A Thematic Literature Review

Aims: The increasing prevalence of stunting and its associated morbidities highlight the need for effective prevention measures. Digital-based family empowerment interventions have been identified as a promising approach to prevent stunting. This study aims to investigate various types of digital-based family empowerment interventions in preventing stunting and optimizing child growth. Method: It is a thematic literature review using a semi-structured search approach with predefined keywords in four major databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The research applies a systematic research method with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and sets search boundaries using the PICO (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) approach. Three search criteria include digital-based family empowerment interventions for stunting prevention, articles published within the last five years, and written in English or Indonesian. Result: From the search, nine articles were selected, forming three main themes: (1) digital-based child growth and development monitoring programs in preventing stunting; (2) digital-based health education programs for stunting prevention; and (3) digital-based nutrition counseling programs in preventing stunting. Conclusion: Digital-based family empowerment interventions have proven to be effective in stunting prevention efforts. With a better understanding of these interventions, it is hoped that knowledge and skills in preventing stunting and optimizing child growth can be enhanced. The role of nurses can be pivotal in integrating technology into family education.

ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF LOCAL FARMERS TOWARD AGROBIODIVERSITY IN HOME GARDEN. CASE STUDY: BUOT VILLAGE, CHIENG YEN COMMUNE, VAN HO DISTRICT, SON LA PROVINCE, VIETNAM

One of today’s key challenges is how to increase production to meet the growing demand for food, feed, and bioenergy while conserving biodiversity and reducing the pressure on natural resources and ecosystems. Agrobiodiversity is not only the key to food security and nutrition but also to conserving the ecosystem foundations necessary (e.g. of water quality, nutrient cycling, soil formation and rehabilitation, erosion control, carbon sequestration) to sustain life and rural livelihoods. This study examined the perception of farmers on agrobiodiversity and the factors behind the farmers' decision to adopt agrobiodiversity through applying syntrophic farming (food forest) in their home gardens. A semi-structured interview approach was used to gather information from 39 local farmers in Buot village, Son La province, Vietnam. The survey found that 14 households of the total households have been adopting agrobiodiversity. Most of the farmers asked understood the importance of agrobiodiversity and were willing to adopt syntrophic farming. However, challenges in capital, market access, and no irrigation systems are barriers that hinder their adoption of syntrophic farming. The findings of the study will provide information for policy-makers in providing enabling conditions to facilitate agrobiodiversity in the study area.

B - 06 Exploring Educator Readiness to Identify, Interpret, and Support Memory Functioning in Youth with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.

Though over 3 million students receive special education services under eligibility categories related to neuropsychological functioning, educators report feeling unprepared to identify student needs or interpret assessment data related to specific neurocognitive functions including memory (Barrio & Combes, 2015; Vollmer, Gettinger & Begeny, 2019). To best support students, it is critical for educators working with students with neurodevelopmental disabilities to understand the underlying neurocognitive functions that contribute to academic skills (Pohlman, 2008). The present study examined how educators define, identify, and support students' working memory, short term memory, and long-term memory using a semi-structured qualitative approach guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Interviews were conducted with educators (N = 16; 93.75% Female; 100% White; 1-23years of experience) and focused on interpretation of memory-related constructs, how deficits impact classroom performance, and specific strategies related to memory needs. An inductive approach to coding and constant comparative analysis allowed themes to emerge and reduce potential confirmatory bias (Strauss & Corbin, 1998; Maxwell, 2013). All educators recognized the terms working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Long-term memory was correctly defined by all educators, with fewer accurate definitions related to critical temporal aspects of short-term memory (50%) and working memory (37.5%). Relatedly, educators reported fewer specific, evidence-based strategies for aiding short-term and working memory than long-term memory. Despite wanting to differentiate instruction for students, educators were unclear on critical aspects of short-term and working memory functioning, leading to less confidence in identifying and supporting students with neurodevelopmental disabilities in need.

The Analysis of Fraud in Perspective of Fraud Pentagon Theory: An Empirical Study in Indonesia

This study aims to delve into the primary causes of fraud, focusing on the fraud pentagon theory that encompasses all types of fraud in both the public and private sectors particularly in Indonesia. Using a qualitative phenomenological descriptive method, this study seeks to gain deep insights into individual subjective experiences, especially from the perspective of forensic auditors. These auditors are not only experts in investigating fraud but are also skilled in analyzing financial data, evaluating internal controls, and formulating recommendations based on their investigations. This research employs a semi-structured interview approach and involves 11 forensic auditors with CFE or CFrA certifications from both AUI of BPK and the ACFE Indonesian chapter. Through this analysis, the study offers a unique contribution to the literature by highlighting region-specific cultural and social dynamics, such as the profound reliance on religious-based justifications or political affiliations, adding complexity to the understanding of fraud in Indonesia.