Semi Organic Compounds Research Articles

Correlation between structural studies and third-order NLO properties of three new semi-organic compounds

Correlation between structural studies and third-order NLO properties of three new semi-organic compounds

Correlation between structural studies and third-order NLO properties of three new semi-organic compounds

Correlation between structural studies and third-order NLO properties of three new semi-organic compounds

The Behavior of the Deformation Vibration of NH3 in Semi-Organic Crystals under High Pressure Studied by Raman Spectroscopy

Single-crystal samples of the semi-organic compounds mono-l-alaninium nitrate and monoglycine nitrate have been studied by Raman spectroscopy in a diamond-anvil cell up to 5.5 GPa, in order to observe the behavior of the deformation mode of NH3 units. It was observed for these semi-organic crystals that increasing pressure produces a decrease in the wavenumber of the band associated with the deformation vibration, differently from most of the modes. Comparatively, mono-l-alaninium has a higher dν/dP than monoglycine nitrate, for the band associated with the deformation vibration. The anomalous behavior is explained in terms of the effect of high pressure in the short and linear intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

XPS-Surface Analysis of SEI Layers on Li-Ion Cathodes: Part I. Investigation of Initial Surface Chemistry

In this contribution, we investigate the initial surface chemistry on fully lithiated LiCoO2 thin film model electrodes in the electrolyte solvent diethyl carbonate (DEC) and the LiPF6-electrolyte by means of soaking experiments. The interfacial layer composition is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and possible layer morphologies and spontaneous formation mechanisms are discussed in detail. Upon decomposition of DEC a layered system of surface-bound semi-organic components (inner layer) and cross-linked organic moieties (outer layer) is formed, while a change of the Co3+ oxidation state and thus a surface corrosion of LiCoO2 was not observed. In contrast, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film of the LiPF6-electrolyte soaked electrode showed an inner layer, containing predominantly corroded LiCoO2, i.e. Co(II,III)xOy(OH)z and LiF as well as aliphatic fluoroorganic species. The outer SEI layer consists mainly of a poly-organic network and randomly distributed LixPOyFz domains. The thickness of the deposit on the electrolyte soaked electrode surface was only half as thick due to the significantly lower amount of organic and semi-organic compounds. Our investigation indicates that the solvent decomposition is related to the catalytically active LiCoO2 surface, which is passivated by reaction products such as LiF originating from HF induced processes.

Correlation between structural studies and third order NLO properties of selected new quinolinium semi-organic compounds

New quinolinium semi-organic compounds of formula ( C 9 H 8 N ) 2 + · SO 4 2 - , H 2 O ( I) (bis-quinolinium sulphate monohydrate) and ( C 9 H 8 N ) + · NO 3 - ( II) (quinolinium nitrate) have been synthesized and characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements and by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The third order nonlinear optical properties of ( I) and ( II) were investigated using two methods: the degenerate four wave mixing technique (DFWM) performed in solution at λ = 532 nm and the third-harmonic generation (THG) measurements carried out on thin films at λ = 1064 nm. The NLO measurements showed that compound ( I) presents better nonlinear optical properties compared to compound ( II). To understand further the optical behaviour of ( I) and ( II), the crystal structures of both compounds were determined from accurate single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements performed at 100 K. The crystallographic studies revealed the key role of the intermolecular interactions and the molecular arrangements in the enhancement of the NLO properties.

Nucleation reduction strategy of BaNH4MgHPO4(barium ammonium magnesium hydrogen phosphate, in vitro approach-1) crystals grown in silica gel medium and its characterization studies

Kidney stones consist of various organic, inorganic and semi-organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate is the main inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms for the formation of crystal mineral oxalate are not clearly understood. In this field of study there are many hypothesis including nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of AOMH (ammonium oxalate monohydrate) and AODH (ammonium oxalate di-hydrate) crystals. The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalates, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace mineral elements have been previously reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents are grown in the kidney environments, the sodium meta silica gel medium (SMS) provides the necessary growth simulation (in vitro). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, growth parameters within the different chemical environments are identified. The author has reported the growth of urinary crystals such as CHP, SHP, BHP and AHP. In the present study, BaNH4MgHPO4 (barium ammonium magnesium hydrogen phosphate) crystals have been grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reductions. As an extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out and the results are reported.

In vitro studies of calcium mixed minerals growth in different growth faces and semiconductor laser induced suppression of nuclei strategy

Kidney stone consists of various organic, inorganic and semi organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate are the main organic constituents of kidney stones. However, mechanisms leading to the formation of mineral oxalate kidney stones are not clearly understood. The effect of some urinary stone constituents such as ammonium oxalate, calcium citrate, proteins and trace elements were reported by us. The calcium magnesium hydrogen phosphate (CaMHP) crystals were grown in SMS gel medium which provides the necessary kidney stimuli growth medium. The growth processes were done by single diffusion method for different physical and chemical parameters. The pH range in which HPO 2−4 ions dominates were considered which in turn is necessary for the growth of CaMHP crystals. In the present study, calcium magnesium hydrogen phosphate (CaMHP) crystals are grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reduction. As an extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out like XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM and etching and the results are reported.

Laser Irradiated Nucleation Reduction Strategy of AMHP (Ammonium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate, In-Vivo Approach-1) Crystals in Gel Medium and its Characterization Studies

Kidney stone consists of various organic, inorganic and semi organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate is the main inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, mechanisms leading to the formation of mineral oxalate kidney stones are not clearly understood. In this field of study, there are several hypotheses including nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of AOMH (Ammonium oxalate monohydrate) and AODH (Ammonium oxalate di-hydrate) crystals. The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalates, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace elements were reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents are grown in the kidney environments, the silica gel medium (SMS) which provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vivo). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, identification of growth parameters with in the different chemical environment was carried out and reported for the urinary crystals such as CHP, SHP, BHP and MHP. In the present study, AMHP (Ammonium magnesium hydrogen phosphate) crystals are grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reduction. Extension of this research is that many characterization studies have been carried out and the results are reported.

Growth of Strontium Chromium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate (SrCrMHP) Crystal in Silica Gel Medium at Different Growth Environments and Nucleation Reduction Strategy

Kidney stone consists of various organic, inorganic and semi organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate are the main inorganic constituents of kidney stones. However, mechanisms leading to the formation of mineral oxalate kidney stones are not clearly understood. In this field of study, there are several hypotheses including nucleation, crystal growth and/or aggregation of formation of AOMH (Ammonium oxalate monohydrate) and AODH (Ammonium oxalate di-hydrate) crystals. The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalate, calcium citrate, proteins and trace elements were reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents are grown in silica gel medium (SMS) which provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vivo). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, identification of growth parameters within the different chemical environment was carried out and reported for the urinary crystals such as CHP, SHP, BHP and MHP. In the present study, SrCrMHP (Strontium chromium magnesium hydrogen phosphate) crystals are grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reduction. Extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out and the results are reported.

Nucleation Reduction Strategy of (Brushite) CHP Crystals in SMS Media and Its Characterization Studies

Kidney stone consist of various organic, inorganic and semi organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate is the main inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms for the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stone are not clearly understood. In this field of study there are several hypothesis including nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of COMH, AOMH (Ammonium oxalate monohydrate), CODH, and AODH (Ammonium oxalate di-hydrate) crystals. The author has reported the effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalates, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace mineral. The kidney stone constituents are grown in the kidney environments, the silica gel medium (SMS) provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vivo). In the artificial urinary stone preparation (growth) or crystal growth, growth parameter identification with in the different chemical environments is carried out. In the present study, CHP (calcium hydrogen phosphate) crystals are grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reductions. As an extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out, and the results are compared and reported.

Extending the Utility of Silicone Lubricants through Structural Modifications.

SILICONE polymers are semiorganic compounds that can cover a wide range of polymer composition. The fluid polymers display excellent viscosity-temperature properties coupled with very good heat stability. These polymers have successfully fulfilled many lubrication requirements in the last decade. The excellent viscositytemperature and stability properties of silicones are inherent in the inorganic siloxane backbone as shown in Figure 1. The properties of the siloxane polymer are varied largely through the use of a number of different types of organic substituents on the silicon atom. Methyl substitution has been found to be the most stable alkyl group, and it best retains the viscosity-temperature relationship imparted by the siloxane backbone. This type of substitution also imparts low volatility characteristics to the oils. Longer alkyl groups can be substituted in place of methyl with a resultant sacrifice in stability. A methylethyl-substituted polysiloxane retains most of the desirable properties of the dimethyl substitution, but has better organic solubility. A new series of oils is produced when phenylmethyl is substituted for dimethyl on the silicon atom (Figure 1). A polymer with low phenyl content has very good low temperature properties. Increased phenyl content adds to the heat stability of the siloxane polymer at the expense of low temperature and viscosity-temperature properties. The phenyl group adds to both thermal and oxidation stability ( I 4 ) , but has its largest effect on the latter. The alkyland phenyl-substituted polysiloxanes have proved to be good lubricants in both rolling and sliding contact for many types of bearing metal combinations (3 , 4 , 7, 9). The use of these lubricants has been restricted, to some extent, by their inherent lack of boundary lubricity for sliding ferrous metal bearings (9). A step towards overcoming this lubricity deficiency was made when halophenyl groups were substituted for methyl or phenyl (10-12). In general, incorporation of the halophenyl group has an effect similar to that of substituting phenyl, while additionally imparting better antiwear characteristics. Introduction of a large number of halophenyl groups will enhance the extreme pressure properties of the oil a t the expense of some low temperature and antiwear properties. The halogen on the phenyl can be chosen to have sufficient stability to withstand bulk oil temperatures, but have enough reactivity a t boundary surface temperatures to form a lubricating film (2). Typical properties of a low chlorophenyl-substituted fluid (60) are compared to a low phenyl-substituted fluid in Table I. The lubricants described above have been compounded into a variety of greases usin$ suitable thickeners. Both oils and greases find use in applications requiring a wide temperature range or long life lubricant. With the proper choice of oil, the requirements for either a very low or a very high temperature lubricant can be met.