Abstract
Kidney stone consists of various organic, inorganic and semi organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate are the main inorganic constituents of kidney stones. However, mechanisms leading to the formation of mineral oxalate kidney stones are not clearly understood. In this field of study, there are several hypotheses including nucleation, crystal growth and/or aggregation of formation of AOMH (Ammonium oxalate monohydrate) and AODH (Ammonium oxalate di-hydrate) crystals. The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalate, calcium citrate, proteins and trace elements were reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents are grown in silica gel medium (SMS) which provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vivo). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, identification of growth parameters within the different chemical environment was carried out and reported for the urinary crystals such as CHP, SHP, BHP and MHP. In the present study, SrCrMHP (Strontium chromium magnesium hydrogen phosphate) crystals are grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reduction. Extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out and the results are reported.
Highlights
SHP (Strontium hydrogen phosphate), CHP (Calcium hydrogen phosphate) and BHP (Barium hydrogen phosphate) were grown in silica gel medium at room temperature
The dissolution of Strontium chromium magnesium hydrogen phosphate (SrCrMHP) crystal depends upon the etchant concentration, temperature, and crystal morphology and etching time
Chemical etching of SrCrMHP crystal at room temperature (1.5 mm - 40X)
Summary
SHP (Strontium hydrogen phosphate), CHP (Calcium hydrogen phosphate) and BHP (Barium hydrogen phosphate) were grown in silica gel medium at room temperature. The approach is to grow mixed crystal in silica gel medium at different environments, which contains one major element (Phosphate), two minor or trace elements (Strontium, Chromium) and one inhibitor (Magnesium). SrCrMHP is a mixed crystal, which typically represent the biological crystals formed in the human urinary tracts called renal stones. One can obtain the periodic precipitation of Liesegang rings of biological crystal named as Brushite, Struvite, HAP, BMHP and SMHP [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
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