Specific Semantics Research Articles

An intelligent cloud service discovery framework

Due to the heterogeneity nature and the huge number of published cloud services, as well as, the continuous increase of the users’ complexity demands, the discovery process of cloud services remains an open issue. According to our conducted comprehensive survey study, the existing cloud service discovery solutions suffer from a set of drawbacks; missing a standardized and comprehensive specification of cloud services, not considering the lack of knowledge about cloud concepts, and not considering the continuous increase of the complex cloud services published to meet the complexity of the users’ demands. In this paper, a comprehensive, standardized, flexible, and intelligent cloud service discovery framework is proposed to overcome these drawbacks. According to this framework, a comprehensive ontology has been developed to provide a standardized semantic specification of cloud services based on their functional features and non-functional features. For exploiting the high performance of the relational databases in managing the large amounts of data and improving the effectiveness of the proposed framework, instances of the non- functional features’ ontological concepts are separated from the developed ontology to be stored in a relational database, where Ontop OBDA platform is used to translate the complex queries over the ontology to SQL queries that are understood by the underlying relational database source. Also, our proposed framework provides a user-centric interface that enables users with low knowledge about cloud concepts to compose complex queries using their natural English language. The effectiveness evaluation shows that the proposed framework provides better results than other solutions. According to the implementation results, the average amount of error expected to identify a service by using the proposed framework is 11% compared to 31% by using the Cloudle service discovery solution. Also, the framework achieves entirely the cloud service discovery evaluation criteria compared to 66% of these criteria for the current cloud service discovery solutions. For efficiency, the proposed framework achieves 88% F-Score for mapping cloud services into suitable functional features and 80% for discovering services that match the users’ queries.

Congruence from the operator\u2019s point of view

A basic sanity property of a process semantics is that it constitutes a congruence with respect to standard process operators. This issue has been traditionally addressed by developing, for a specific process semantics, a syntactic format for operational semantics specifications. We suggest a novel, orthogonal approach, which focuses on a specific process operator and determines a class of congruence relations for this operator. To this end, we impose syntactic restrictions on Hennessy–Milner logic, so that a process semantics whose modal characterization satisfies those criteria is guaranteed to be a congruence with respect to the operator in question. We investigate alternative composition, action prefix, projection, encapsulation, renaming, and parallel composition with communication, in the context of both concrete and weak process semantics.

СТИЛІСТИЧНА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ЖАРГОНІЗМІВ У МОВІ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ


 
 
 Article analyses the thematic, lexical and grammatical and functional- stylistic appearance of slang in the language of mass media on the structural and semantic level; ways of entry of sang of certain thematic groups into the system of modern Ukrainian language are traced; expressive-emotional potential of stylistic reduced vocabulary in modern publicist discourse is analyzed; the semantic modifications and functional specificity of slang were clarified. The attempt to analyze the peculiarities of appearance, development and functioning of slang in modern periodicals was made. It was noticed, that mass media language and spoken language today are the only sources for scientific generalization of slang. During the studying of slang, the question about what categories and language means were activated, motioned, mobilized for playing functions of language as the most important mean of persons’ communication was researched.
 
 

FlowSpec: A declarative specification language for intra-procedural flow-Sensitive data-flow analysis

Abstract Data-flow analysis is the static analysis of programs to estimate their approximate run-time behavior or approximate intermediate run-time values. It is an integral part of modern language specifications and compilers. In the specification of static semantics of programming languages, the concept of data-flow allows the description of well-formedness such as definite assignment of a local variable before its first use. In the implementation of compiler back-ends, data-flow analyses inform optimizations. Data-flow analysis has an established theoretical foundation. What lags behind is implementations of data-flow analysis in compilers, which are usually ad-hoc. This makes such implementations difficult to extend and maintain. In previous work researchers have proposed higher-level formalisms suitable for whole-program analysis in a separate tool, incremental analysis within editors, or bound to a specific intermediate representation. In this paper, we present FlowSpec , an executable formalism for specification of data-flow analysis. FlowSpec is a domain-specific language that enables direct and concise specification of data-flow analysis for programming languages, designed to express flow-sensitive, intra-procedural analyses. We define the formal semantics of FlowSpec in terms of monotone frameworks. We describe the design of FlowSpec using examples of standard analyses. We also include a description of our implementation of FlowSpec . In a case study we evaluate FlowSpec with the static analyses for Green-Marl , a domain-specific programming language for graph analytics.

Theoretical conditions for the analysis of the children choir repertoire in its historical retrospective (on the basis of the cantata for children «The Sun Circle» by L. V. Dychko)

Theoretical conditions for the analysis of the children choir repertoire in its historical retrospective (on the basis of the cantata for children «The Sun Circle» by L. V. Dychko)

Expressing possibility in two Oceanic languages

AbstractIn this paper, we offer the first detailed description of expressions of possibility in the Oceanic languages Daakaka and Saliba-Logea. We show that in these languages basic expressions of possibility are bi-clausal. This suggests that, depending on their intended scope, typological studies of modal expressions may need to consider grammaticalized bi-clausal structures which have typically been excluded in studies of this domain based on their structural complexity. Relevant features to consider bi-clausal constructions as basic, grammaticalized expressions of possibility include their frequency, semantic specificity, and paradigmatic relationship with other modal expressions. The findings presented here are based on the analysis of original corpus data and targeted fieldwork.

Construction of ontology for auto-interpretable tolerance semantics in skin model

Manufacturing and inspection in model-based engineering, achieving computer-readable and -interpretable tolerance specification representations, and maintaining unambiguous and consistent semantics throughout the life cycle of product design are issues that have attracted the attention of researchers and require urgent actions. An ontology method based on skin tolerance model is proposed in this study to address the abovementioned problems. Tolerance specification semantics described by the GeoSpelling language can be consistent at different stages of product development. In the ontology as a formal shared concept model, the knowledge described by the web ontology language and the semantic web rule language can be read and interpreted automatically via computer. The ontology is based on a rigorous description logic and describes tolerance information with clear and unambiguous semantics. The inference algorithm of this ontology can be used for ontology consistency checking, knowledge reasoning, and semantic query. The proposed method utilizes the advantages of ontology artificial intelligence technology and GeoSpelling language to describe tolerance semantics. Thus, this method is suitable for consistent semantic data exchange in different heterogeneous systems and automatic interpretation of tolerance semantics in smart manufacturing.

THE IMAGES OF WOMEN IN THE ART OF NORTHERN PONTIC REGION AS THE SOURCE FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF FEMALE SCYTHIAN COSTUMES

The costume is the category of culture which contains the information about material and spiritual spheres of life within the socium. The important sources for the costumes reconstruction are the archaeological artifacts. They combine findings — toreutics artifacts with antropomorhpys images as well as remains of headwearings, clothing, shoes, decorative elements of clothing. Antropomorphy was not inherent for the art of Scythian tribes. However in V century BC the images of «masks» without specific details occur. Later, in IV century BC we find toreutics products which focus on the «portraits». Among them we find classical ancient Greek images, and stylized, made in Greek-Scythian tradition. Such characteristics can be found in artifacts with plot compositions. They are distinguished by Greek iconography, as well as ethnographic characteristics of the characters. Generally they can be presented as an image of the goddess on the throne from different perspectives.
 The studying of the images showed that Scythian females had headwearings, generally inherent for many tribes. They are bedspreads, tapes, caps: cylindrical (poloses, modieses, kalafs) and cone-shaped. The ethnolocal specifics to such headwearings is given by decorative elements. Some of them have the specifics of Greek diadem — stephan. It is highlighted by archaeological findings — golden aprons for trimming poloses with arched frontal ledge.
 The analysis of female Scythian outer look allows to imagine the shape of shoulder and waist clothing: robes with sleeves longer than arm, wide dresses, draped skirt. Due to high-detailed images we can determine the way of shaping: observing details of the images showed two options for tunic-shaped cutting.
 Despite the schematics and the generalization in female imagery, studying toreutics works with female Scythian images presented is an important foundation point for reconstructing not only the general look, but also the ways of creating costumes, their aesthetic, ethnolocal and semantic specifics.

Exploiting Partial Knowledge in Declarative Domain-Specific Heuristics for ASP

Domain-specific heuristics are an important technique for solving combinatorial problems efficiently. We propose a novel semantics for declarative specifications of domain-specific heuristics in Answer Set Programming (ASP). Decision procedures that are based on a partial solution are a frequent ingredient of existing domain-specific heuristics, e.g., for placing an item that has not been placed yet in bin packing. Therefore, in our novel semantics negation as failure and aggregates in heuristic conditions are evaluated on a partial solver state. State-of-the-art solvers do not allow such a declarative specification. Our implementation in the lazy-grounding ASP system Alpha supports heuristic directives under this semantics. By that, we also provide the first implementation for incorporating declaratively specified domain-specific heuristics in a lazy-grounding setting. Experiments confirm that the combination of ASP solving with lazy grounding and our novel heuristics can be a vital ingredient for solving industrial-size problems.

«Exegi monumentum»: the reflection of Schumann’s images in the Variations by J. Brahms on the theme by R. Schumann op. 23

«Exegi monumentum»: the reflection of Schumann’s images in the Variations by J. Brahms on the theme by R. Schumann op. 23

The Morphosyntax of Jejuan –ko Clause Linkages

While clause linkage is a relatively understudied area within Koreanic linguistics, the Korean <italic>–ko</italic> clause linkage has been studied more extensively. Authors have deemed it interesting since depending on the successive/non-successive interpretation of its events, a <italic>–ko</italic> clause linkage exhibits all or no properties of what is traditionally known as coordination or subordination. Jejuan <italic>–ko</italic> clauses may look fairly similar to Korean on the surface, and exhibit a similar lack of semantic specification. This study shows that the traditional, dichotomous coordination-subordination opposition is not applicable to Jejuan <italic>–ko</italic> clauses. I propose that instead of applying a<italic>-priori</italic> categories to the exploration of clause linkage in Koreanic varieties, one should apply a multidimensional model that lets patterns emerge in an inductive way.

An integration of uml use case diagram and activity diagram with Z language for formalization of library management system

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the effective standard for modeling object-oriented software systems. However, the ambiguity of semantics and the absence of consistency among UML diagrams lead to lack of precisely defining the requirements of a system. On the other hand, formal methods are techniques and tools use the mathematical notations, and they involve the precise syntax and semantics of the unambiguous software requirements specification. It applied in early stages of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Therefore, an integrated between UML specification and formal specification is required to reduce the requirements' ambiguity and error, and to improve the quality and security of software systems. This paper proposes an approach involves the combining UML use-case diagram and activity diagrams with Z language for formalization of Library Management System (LMS). The focus of this paper is on consistency between the UML diagrams to Z Schema, and then verified by using the Z / EVEs tool.

Fuzzy AHP approach for legal judgement summarization

Legal documents are generally big and complex documents because of specific vocabulary, semantics and structure. One of the major challenges in legal processing systems is to generate summary of legal judgements. Till date, in most of the legal systems, the summary of judgements is produced manually by legal experts which are then used by Lawyers, Judges and other legal professionals. The manual process of summarization is very inefficient and time-consuming. Automatic text summarization (ATS) is the process of reducing the content of a textual document, while retaining the core description of text through the use of appropriate tool. The present work proposes a novel Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical process (FAHP) based feature weighting scheme which helps in producing an efficient and effective summary of legal judgement. Model is applied on a number of legal judgements taken from Indian IT Act. Validation of the model is done using ROUGE (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation) tool with recall, precision, and f-measure as performance measures. The generated summaries are further assessed by legal experts and are found to be more promising than the summaries generated by traditional approaches.

Methodological approaches to the essential cognition of tolerance within psychosocial theorizing

The peculiarity of this research, as any consciously carried out one on the goals, principles, methods and procedures of methodological search, is a detailed study of the form organizations and the means of effective cognition of the most complex, in our case psychosocial, objects with their diverse specificity and developmentally open everyday life. Undoubtedly, such extremely complex objects of cognition-design include human tolerance as an ontological psychic and, at the same time, a psychosocial phenomenon. In this case, the research optics of the post-nonclassical style of rational theorizing is aimed at methodological approaches to the essential cognition of tolerance in the format of their social and psychological causes, where the main tools of professional methodologization are appropriate analysis, reflection, understanding and the procedure of semantic specification of tolerant enrichment of person’s everyday life flow in the context of his continuous interaction with others. As a result of such intellectual work within psychosocial direction of finding out the phenomenological picture of tolerance, the theoretical substantiation and logic-content filling were given five methodological approaches – sociogenetic, conflict, xenological, information-communicative and personal. Each of them is a specific interpretive invariant of the epistemologically-weighted decoding of the meaning-semantic tissue of tolerance as a stage-by-stage deployed psychosociality, is being self-organized as an important vita-cultural form of conscious presence of joint life in a globalized society and, at the same time, in active dimension of social everyday life, is being approved as socio-cultural norm, also is being characterized by tolerant attitude to other, another or alternative and, as a consequence, optimize the results of collaboration and human communication. And therefore in the realities of today, appears as a framework condition for availability of solidarity processes, established and new forms of productive communicative interaction. In a personal dimension, it ontogenetically emerges as an integral trait-quality of the individual world of personality, which determines his active position in relationships with people regardless of their cultural, social and national identity and is expressed in a humane desire to reach mutual understanding, agreement of different motives, installations, orientations, without resorting to violence, oppression of human dignity and instead using the available humanitarian capabilities – dialogue, clarification, collaboration and mutual assistance.

Possible Improvements of Modern Dynamic Geometry Software

Contemporary education is starting to supersede the traditional one (teacher-to-student lessons) with technology-rich learning using various educational tools and a selection of materials that are effective, efficient and appealing to students. Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) today is widely used in teaching and learning mathematical topics. Such kind of educational software can evolve in several ways, by either adding new features on the surface or by evolving the evaluation engine at its core. The implementation of a DGS needs to be straightforward and modular. To achieve the evolution of a DGS core we have developed a programming framework for the Dynamic Geometry Software, SLGeometry, with a genericized functional language and the corresponding expression evaluation engine. Engine acts as a framework into which specific semantics is embedded in the form of code, annotated with metadata. An ordinary expression tree evaluator is transformed into an object-oriented one by this framework. Whilst other DGS are based on purely functional expression evaluators, our solution has the advantages of being more general, maintainable, understandable, easy to implement, and providing a natural way of specifying object properties in the user interface, minimizing typing and syntax errors. The modular approach enables independent development of subject-specific components, which are easily added to the evaluation engine in the form of plug-ins. The object-oriented nature of the framework enables development of self-contained units, such as objects and visual elements which encapsulate domain-specific semantic and present it to the user as virtual placeholders for real-life objects and notions. In this paper we present several possible improvements of Dynamic Geometry Software, particularly having in mind the platform that we have implemented. Additionally we discuss benefits of these features and their influence on the users/students. The approach is tested on SLGeometry -- our DGS platform, developed in C# on the .NET Framework.

Семантико-синтаксический аспект сослагательного наклонения в сакральном арабском тексте (на материале сур Корана)

The subjunctive mood in the Arabic language is the object of study in this article, because it happens to be very frequent and spread in the explored text material. The subject of the analysis is semantic potential and syntactic functions of the verbal forms in the subjunctive mood. The purpose of the study is to clarify the specifics of performing syntactic functions by verbal units in the sacral text. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the identification of specific semantic features in the Arabic verbal system as applied to the subjunctive mood is quite difficult and requires reference to the morphological and syntactic features of the verbal units that transmit the semantics of subjunctivity. This fact explains, among other things, the lack of linguists’ common point of view on the problem of identification and classification of forms of verbal moods. The subjunctive mood implements the tendency to polysemantics, which is explained by the complexity and multidimensionality of the semantic specificity of this grammatical category. The semantic-syntactical analysis of the Qur’anic sayings undertaken by the authors shows that the formation of the grammatical category of the subjunctive mood depends on the verb type, verbal inflections, the compatibility of the verb form with a particular syntactic particle and is accompanied by modifications of the semantics of the verb forms. The topological analysis of the Arabic sentence structure, containing subjunctive forms, reveals the presence of correlation between the frequency of subjunctive verbal forms and the type of subordinate sentence in the complex sentence.

Automating requirements analysis and test case generation

Writing clear and unambiguous requirements that are conflict-free and complete is no easy task. Incorrect requirements lead to errors being introduced early in the design process. The longer the gap between error introduction and error discovery, the higher the cost associated with the error. To address the growing cost of system development, we introduce a tool called Analysis of Semantic Specifications and Efficient generation of Requirements-based Tests (ASSERT™) for capturing requirements, backed by a formal requirements analysis engine. ASSERT also automatically generates a complete set of requirements-based test cases. The requirements are captured in a structured natural language that is both human- and machine-readable. Formal analysis of these requirements with an automated theorem prover identifies errors as soon as requirements are written. It also addresses the historical problem that analysis engines are hard to use and understand for someone without formal methods expertise and analysis results are often difficult for the end-user to understand and make actionable. ASSERT’s major contribution is to bring powerful requirements capture and analysis capability to the domain of the end-user. We provide explainable and automated formal analysis, something we found important for a tool’s adoptability in industry. Automating test case generation in ASSERT also provides clear and measurable productivity gains in system development.

Quality Management of the Polytechnic Education by the Methods of Knowledge Value Refinement Technology

The author states the problems in the organization of polytechnic education at the world and national levels and offers involvement of innovative approaches to the organization of students training. The author recalls the author’s approach to the assessment of the essence of knowledge. The concept of «knowledge» is systematically used in problematic scientific publications, but the task of its semantic specification remains. This is predetermined by different assessments of the essence of knowledge not only in different scientific areas, but even within them. The author recalls the results of her previous studies where the activity essence of knowledge, principles of its realization, ontological structure of knowledge was specified. On this basis, the author describes the technology of refining the value of knowledge and provides data on the introduction of this technology. The effect of the introduction of technology to clarify the value of knowledge is presented and an invitation to discussion on the humanization of technological education on the basis of innovative assessment of the essence of knowledge and its value is given.

Семантические особенности обско-угорских глаголов с превербом -лӑп /лап

Семантические особенности обско-угорских глаголов с превербом -лӑп /лап

СХОЖІ СЛОВА ТА ЇХ ПОЯСНЕННЯ В РІЗНИХ МОВНИХ СИСТЕМАХ

The article deals with the problem of the study of similar words – cognates – in different language systems, their varieties and origins, which is relevant both in theoretical and in practical aspects, as researchers working in the framework of the comparative method point to the possibility of practical application of the results of their research in the teaching of relevant languages. The subject of study is the lexical and phraseological similarities and differences of one languagerelative to another, the types of lexical and phraseological correspondences in languages and the identification of national specifics of semantics in these correspondences.