Semantic Web Service Composition Research Articles

A semantic QoS-aware web services composition framework

Composition of web services has received much interest to support business-to-business or enterprise application integration. However, for this composition to be effective, web services should be semantically described and developed tools must enable to select appropriate services based on functional requirements that deal with the desired functionality of the composite service, and non-functional concerns that relate to issues like performance and availability. This presents a challenging task due to the increasing number of available web services with their descriptions remaining in the syntactic level. In this paper, we propose a semantic QoS-aware web services composition framework. This framework considers a two-stage composition process. An abstract composition stage consists in semantically constructing a composition of available services that provides the desired functionality. Then, a concrete composition stage turns the abstract plan into an executable composition by selecting the appropriate web service instances based on QoS parameters.

An automatic subdigraph renovation plan for failure recovery of composite semantic Web services

A Web service-based system never fulfills a user's goal unless a failure recovery approach exists. It is inevitable that several Web services may either perish or fail before or during transactions. The completion of a composite process relies on the smooth execution of all constituent Web services. A mediator acts as an intermediary between providers and consumers to monitor the execution of these services. If a service fails, the mediator has to recover the whole composite process or else jeopardize achieving the intended goals. The atomic replacement of a perished Web service usually does not apply because the process of locating a matched Web service is unreliable. Even the system cannot depend on the replacement of the dead service with a composite service. In this paper, we propose an automatic renovation plan for failure recovery of composite semantic services based on an approach of subdigraph replacement. A replacement subdigraph is posed in lieu of an original subdigraph, which includes the failed service. The replacement is done in two separate phases, offline and online, to make the recovery faster. The offline phase foresees all possible subdigraphs, pre-calculates them, and ranks several possible replacements. The online phase compensates the unwanted effects and executes the replacement subdigraph in lieu of the original subdigraph. We have evaluated our approach during an experiment and have found that we could recover more than half of the simulated failures. These achievements show a significant improvement compared to current approaches.

Multi-Agent Paradigm for Semantic Web Service in E-learning System

E-learning has become an alternative solution for the traditional learning. There is a need to manage the learning materials in e-learning environments in order to deliver it to learners according to their requirements. Semantic Web Services (SWS) aim at developing a machine understandable and common conceptual framework which share and accumulate concepts from different web service resources to meet a particular objective in question. Different SWS composition methods have been developed for different purposes and objectives. In this paper we have developed an Agent-based SWS composition method using two sets of agents i.e. Service Requester Agent (SRA) and Service Provider Agent (SPA) to represent the user's side and the solution side respectively for the problem of a course composition in e-learning systems. The SRA corresponds to requirements of different ebook/chapter and the SPA corresponds to books containing the relevant and required chapters in courseware. The course composition is primarily based on the important and relevant prime keywords in a courseware. Learning materials and other actors are described semantically in form of ontologies. Also, we present the use of reasoning rule to infer different relations between Agents, ebook/chapter and other actors in the proposed model.

Disaster planning using automated composition of semantic OGC web services: A case study in sheltering

Spatial data are crucial in disaster planning. However, because of the dynamic, urgent and uncertain nature of disasters, certain data and functionalities may be inaccessible to decision makers when they are required. Web service composition offers a possible solution whereby disaster planners can integrate spatial web services to generate new spatial data and functionalities, quickly, from existing ones. This paper proposes an automatic solution for composing OWSs (Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services) for disaster planning. A semantic annotation approach based on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and SPARQL languages is used to describe OWSs semantically. A conceptual model for AI (Artificial Intelligence) planning is also proposed that works based on RDF and SPARQL. An AI planning algorithm was implemented based on the proposed conceptual model to compose semantic OWSs. The applicability of the proposed solution is investigated through a case study in evacuation sheltering. The case study demonstrates that the proposed automatic composition approach can enhance the efficiency of OWS integration and thereby improve the disaster management process.

Review on Semantic Web Service Composition

As a way of reusing service resource, Semantic Web service composition aims to achieve the effective automation of Web service discovery, composition and execution with the organic combination of its static description and dynamic behavior. How to realize the dynamic and intelligent Web service composition has gradually made itself the focal point in academic and industrial research. This paper gives an overview of the research on Semantic Web service composition methods. Main specifications of the Web service and the Semantic Web service composition framework are introduced in the first, then three categories of the current Semantic Web service composition methods are discussed in detail. Moreover, the related core problems and the future directions of Semantic Web service composition are pointed out and to be explored.

The PORSCE II framework: using AI planning for automated Semantic Web service composition

AbstractThis paper presents PORSCE II, an integrated system that performs automatic Semantic Web service composition exploiting artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically planning. Essential steps in achieving Web service composition include the translation of the Web service composition problem into a solver-ready planning domain and problem, followed by the acquisition of solutions, and the translation of the solutions back to Web service terms. The solutions to the problem, that is, the descriptions of the desired composite service, are obtained by means of external domain-independent planning systems, they are visualized and finally evaluated. Throughout the entire process, the system exploits semantic information extracted from the semantic descriptions of the available Web services and the corresponding ontologies, in order to perform composition under semantic awareness and relaxation.

Case Study on Web Service Composition Based on Multi-Agent System

Rapid development of the Internet and increasing number of available Web services has generated a need for tools and environments facilitating automated composition of atomic Web services into more complex Web processes. However ,reasoning optimization and utilization in such AI related solutions is still an open problem .In this paper, we proposed a novel multi-agent based semantic web service composition model(SWSCPA) which exploits the relationships among different service consumers and providers, together with the corresponding optimization approach to strengthen the effectiveness of Web service composition. We argue that agents and web services are distinct. In our work, agents provide a distinctive additional capability in mediating user goals to determine service invocations. Through the model, an optimization method was proposed based on the substitute relationship and the dependency relationship. The case study and experimental analysis demonstrates the capability of the proposed approach.

A study on dynamic Semantic Web service composition

Description Logic possesses strong knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities and offers logical foundation for Semantic Web ontology languages such as OWL and OWL-S. However, the present implementations of OWL and OWL-S are deficient in semantic modeling for dynamic service composition. They also do not consider user preferences. AI planning possesses a better modeling capability of action state transformations in planning and provides an effective method for solving planning problem and task decomposition. However, it is limited in knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. Based on merits of Description Logic, OWL-S and AI planning, this paper extends OWL-S model, proposes a service composition mechanism and testifies its feasibility in Description Logic. The results show that this composition mechanism is not only feasible but also helpful for semantic modeling of service composition in Semantic Web.

Optimising the semantic web service composition process using bio-inspired methods

This paper presents two bio-inspired methods (one inspired by the cuckoo’s breeding behaviour, and another one inspired by natural evolution and genetics) for selecting the optimal or near-optimal solution in web service composition. The proposed methods are applied on an enhanced planning graph structure which models the composition search space for a given user request. The cuckoo-inspired selection method applies a 1-OPT heuristic to expand the search space in a controlled way such that the stagnation in a local optimum solution is avoided. The genetic-based selection method uses two memory structures to avoid the stagnation in a local optimum solution on one hand, and to ensure that exploitation and exploration are properly performed. The quality of a composition solution is evaluated in terms of QoS attributes and semantic quality. To validate the proposed methods we have implemented an experimental prototype and carried out experiments on a set of scenarios with different complexities. Finally, we comparatively analyse the experimental results obtained by applying the two selection methods.

Data flow analysis and testing for OWL-S semantic web service compositions

Semantic web services SWSs, which integrate the concept of ontology to support incorporation of machine understandable semantics into web services, have drawn much attention in recent years. By introducing semantics into web services, the quality and robustness of web service discovery, selection, and invocation can be greatly improved. However, web ontology language for service OWL-S, the most widely accepted standard used to describe SWS, is extremely complex and hard to understand. This makes OWL-S compositions difficult to analyse and test. In view of this, this paper proposes a data flow testing approach for web service compositions based on OWL-S. The data flow test artefacts introduced by OWL-S are identified and thoroughly analysed. A test model that considers a variety of control constructs and semantics of OWL-S is proposed to abstract these test artefacts. Based on the test model, test paths can be derived to effectively uncover defects caused by improper data handling and message exchanges of OWL-S compositions.

A Pragmatic Approach of CRUD in Dynamic Composition of Web Services

The Composition of semantic web services coordinates various web services into one complex service. The Ontology is Knowledge based management system. OWL (Web Ontology Language) has machine interpretability with Web contents, so OWL is highly supported by XML and RDF. OWL will provide additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics. CRUD will provide the persistent storage for all real world entities (objects) in repositories. In semantic web technology the CRUD operations are performed in the repositories to extend the search operations of specific items in the retail management system. In this paper we are confronting an approach to carry out CRUD operations in the Dynamic Composition of web services in retail management system. The Sample application in this paper is apparently based on the automatic object - ontology mapping with form generation by different party’s or suppliers. Finally this paper explains the development and privileges of CRUD operations in dynamic Composition of web services that to in retail management system.

Combining CCG Parsing and DL for Chinese Question Answering

This paper presents a novel Web Question Answering(WQA) approach based on the combination of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), Description Logic (DL) ontology and Web Service (WS), in order to promote semantic-level accuracy through deep text understanding and improve the solutions for non-WH questions. Our framework transforms a question answering problem into a service planning problem for which HTN planner-SHOP2 is used. It addresses transition from natural language to semantic expression and dynamical composition of web services via planning, and execution of the web services planning. We propose to take DL based semantic modeling, i.e., translating lambda-expression encoding of question meaning into DL based semantic representations. The advantage of such approach is a seamless exploitation of existing semantic resource coded as DL ontology, which is widespread in such areas as Semantic Web and conceptual modeling. The experiments are conducted with a repository of complex Chinese questions which involves the satisfaction of some object property restrictions. The experimental results show that producing the semantic representations with the combination of CCG parsing and DL reasoning is an effective approach for question understanding at semantic level, in terms of both understanding accuracy promotion and semantic resource exploitation.

Management of Scientific Experiments in Computational Modeling: Challenges and Perspectives

Currently the computer is essential to the success in conducting scientific research. In this context, e-Science appears as science performed with computer support aiming efficiency. The challenge, “Computational Modeling of artificial, naturals and socio-cultural complex systems and man-nature interaction” from SBC Great Challenges is strongly related to the e-Science context. The goal of this challenge is to create, evaluate, modify, compose, manage and exploit computer models in fields related to complex, artificial, natural, socio-cultural and human-nature systems. Technologies like semantic web service composition, data provenance, peer to peer networks and scientific software product line can be used as basis for the specification and development of an e-Science infrastructure to handle challenges and solve problems. This paper discusses the main challenges involved in developing an eScience infrastructure, presenting research challenges for the next years.

Process model-based atomic service discovery and composition of composite semantic web services using web ontology language for services (OWL-S)

Web Service composition has become indispensable as a single web service cannot satisfy complex functional requirements. Composition of services has received much interest to support business-to-business (B2B) or enterprise application integration. An important component of the service composition is the discovery of relevant services. In Semantic Web Services (SWS), service discovery is generally achieved by using service profile of Ontology Web Languages for Services (OWL-S). The profile of the service is a derived and concise description but not a functional part of the service. The information contained in the service profile is sufficient for atomic service discovery, but it is not sufficient for the discovery of composite semantic web services (CSWS). The purpose of this article is two-fold: first to prove that the process model is a better choice than the service profile for service discovery. Second, to facilitate the composition of inter-organisational CSWS by proposing a new composition method which uses process ontology. The proposed service composition approach uses an algorithm which performs a fine grained match at the level of atomic process rather than at the level of the entire service in a composite semantic web service. Many works carried out in this area have proposed solutions only for the composition of atomic services and this article proposes a solution for the composition of composite semantic web services.

INTELLIGENT AGENTS AND RISK BASED MODEL FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

This paper presents a software agent based framework's architecture for boosting performance in supply chain management applications. The framework is based on agent interaction and semantic web service composition. The purpose of such a platform is to develop flexible business applications for SCM transactions modeling, in collaborative and distributed economic systems. The interaction between agents is limited by a cybernetic model that takes into account several constraints one of the main being bankruptcy risk potential of the peer partner company.

An Efficient Ontology-based Semantic Web Services Composition Model for Peer to Peer Work

An Efficient Ontology-based Semantic Web Services Composition Model for Peer to Peer Work

Ontology-Based Exception Handling for Semantic Business Process Execution

Along with the widespread acceptance of business process management (BPM) and Semantic Web services composition technologies, Semantic Web service oriented programming is becoming an efficient way to develop modern business applications. As Semantic Web services are inherently unreliable, how to develop reliable service oriented applications is a significant and challenging problem, especially in complex, untamed and dynamic services environment. However, current business process programming languages for Semantic Web services provide almost no support for exception handling, and runtime environments are weak in providing reliability and adaptability. In this paper, we propose an ontology based exception handling method for semantic business processes using Semantic Programming Language (SPL). We identity a new exception taxonomy described as exception ontology and devise an event-driven exception events detection mechanism. We also devise an exception handling framework based on Multi agent system for SPL program. Especially, the framework provides forward recovery support with dynamically substituting failed services when an exception arises during execution by semantically equivalent or semantically similar Web services.

An Integrated Approach to Automated Semantic Web Service Composition through Planning

The paper presents an integrated approach for automated semantic web service composition using AI planning techniques. An important advantage of this approach is that the composition process, as well as the discovery of the atomic services that take part in the composition, are significantly facilitated by the incorporation of semantic information. OWL-S web service descriptions are transformed into a planning problem described in a standardized fashion using PDDL, while semantic information is used for the enhancement of the composition process as well as for approximating the optimal composite service when exact solutions are not found. Solving, visualization, manipulation, and evaluation of the produced composite services are accomplished, while, unlike other systems, independence from specific planners is maintained. Implementation was performed through the development and integration of two software systems, namely PORSCE II and VLEPPO. PORSCE II is responsible for the transformation process, semantic enhancement, and management of the results. VLEPPO is a general-purpose planning system used to automatically acquire solutions for the problem by invoking external planners. A case study is also presented to demonstrate the functionality, performance, and potential of the approach.

Semantic Web Service Composition Based on Topic Maps

To improve efficiency and accuracy of semantic web service composition, a topic maps oriented semantic web service composition policy is proposed. Firstly describes topic maps and web service with ontology, then defines a service composition view to implement service composition mapping. Secondly, a matching dependency for semantic web service is defined, and employ greedy genetic algorithm to optimize the results. Finally, this paper implements the method based Amazon services set and the results show that it is better efficiency than old method.

A Hybrid Firefly-inspired Approach for Optimal Semantic Web Service Composition

Inspired from biology, in this paper we propose a hybrid firefly method for selecting the optimal solution in semantic Web service composition. In our approach, the search space of the selection method is represented by an Enhanced Planning Graph structure which encodes all the Web service composition solutions for a given user request. As selection criteria we have considered the QoS attributes of the services involved in the composition as well as the semantic similarity between them. For the evaluation of the proposed selection method we have implemented an experimental prototype and carried out experiments on a scenario from the trip planning domain.