Semantic Units Research Articles

Scientometric analysis of domestic dissertation research, containing the category of «patriotic education» in their titles

The relevance of the research is due to the increased interest and need of specialists of various categories in studying the problems of patriotic education in the modern sociocultural situation. The problem of the research is to conduct a scientometric analysis of dissertation research containing the category «patriotic education» in their titles. The purpose of the research is to show the main directions of research activities to reveal the content of the main category – «patriotic education». The objectives of the study are to show the role of scientometric analysis as a quantitative assessment of the characteristics of dissertation research, the dynamics of presenting problems of patriotic education in the titles of dissertations, to draw conclusions for further study of this problem and to determine the possibilities of the direction of this work.The research methodology consisted of a set of methods of scientific knowledge: scientometric analysis, synthesis, generalization. The research results. The article, based on the scientometric method, has examined dissertation topics containing the category «patriotic education» in their titles, presented in the section «Authors’ abstracts of dissertations» of the Unified Electronic Resource of the Russian State Library, which has made it possible to record given semantic units of the studied scientific and pedagogical content and carry out their scientometric analysis, design of further relevant research. Key findings. Quantitative analysis and substantive content of the thematic clusters presented in the article allow us to conclude that the process is not intensive, orderly and methodologically supported, and requires further and comprehensive study in the theoretical, methodological and practice-oriented field.

Content analysis of text corpora of social internet resources: the category "children's health" in the discussions of parents of teenagers

The article presents the results of the authors content analysis of text corpora of social Internet resources of the category "health of adolescent children" based on retrospective data. In particular, the following semantic units were analyzed: nutrition, physical activity, personal hygiene, prevention of the formation of somatic diseases, prevention of the use of psychoactive substances. The results of the content analysis of the category "adolescent children's health" showed an increasing interest of parents in the symptoms and methods of obesity relief, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, methods of regulating sports activity and the first symptoms of drug use.

Социолингвистические проекты типа «Языковая единица года»: типология и динамика развития

Introduction. The paper provides a complex system analysis of sociolinguistic projects of the "Language Unit of the Year" type in various linguistic cultures. There are several studies related to the topic of sociolinguistic "Word of the Year" projects, which focus on the activation of lexical and thematic groups within the calendar year. The relevance of this study is based on the lack of scientific papers that provide a comprehensive understanding of socio-cultural projects aimed at identifying the mechanisms and priorities of linguistic reflection through other semantic units. The purpose of the study is to record projects initiated by different countries in the period from 1971, the launch of the first project in Germany, to the present, to identify regularities and notable differences. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of these sociolinguistic projects in a broader scope of linguistic cultures and the analysis of various semiotic units reflecting the influence of extralinguistic processes on linguistic consciousness. Materials and Methods. A critical analysis of databases and official pages of project sites was carried out, scientific publications and news articles of online publications were studied. The research used the methods of observation, comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis and interpretation of data. Analysis. The regularities and distinguishing features of the development of the "Word of the Year" projects in the media discourse are studied. The projects under the study are systematized by languages, countries, and periods of implementation, the venues for posting information about the projects are identified and the organizations implementing the projects as well as their goals pursued are discovered. Results. The study has allowed us to record 71 projects of the "Language Unit of the Year" type, which have been carried out since the second half of the XX till the first decades of the XXI century in 29 countries of Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and Australia in 21 languages of the world. A meaningful change in the interest vector of the public, media actors and researchers towards other semiotic units, like gestures, hieroglyphs, numbers, emoji, and memes, has been revealed.

ЛІНГВОПРАГМАТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СМИСЛОВОГО ПОЛЯ ДЕСКРИПТИВНИХ ТЕКСТІВ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ДЕСКРИПЦІЇ ОБРАЗУ БЕЗІМЕННОГО У РОМАНІ А.МАНДЗОНІ «ЗАРУЧЕНІ»

The linguopragmatic features of descriptive texts devoted to the description of the negative character Nameless in A. Manzoni's novel "Betrothed" are analyzed. It has been established that the regularities of information quantization in the semantic field of descriptive texts can be schematically presented in the following way: referent-subject – quality of the referent (evaluation) – locative markers (peculiarities of perception) – temporal markers (sequence of referent-subject’s potential actions, repetition), unfolding of causal structures. It has been established that the organization of meaning-making of a descriptive text is determined by the modal meaning of intrinsic possibility that implies a connection between a subject and its immanent quality. Such connection determines subject’s typical behavior and is related to generalization and evaluability. Tha modal meaning of intrinsic possibility is based on the connection “generalized quality – potential ability”. The connection between subject and its immanent characteristics determines the quantization of information in a microtext and counteracts the openness of channels of information deployment. Temporal relations in descriptive texts are usually expressed through Imperfetto (repeatability, generalization), Modo Condizionale (evaluation), Periodo Ipotetico (unfolding of causal structures). In the semantic space of A. Manzoni’s novel “Betrothed” denotative lexical units (evaluatively neutral vocabulary, locative markers) can acquire an evaluative meaning under the influence of sense field of descriptive texts. Descriptive texts verbalize system-forming meanings “immanent property”, “potential ability”, “evaluation”, “conditionality”, “generalization”. The various linguistic means that verbalize the specified system-forming meanings include Imperfetto (repeatability, generalization), Modo Condizionale, lexical units of evaluative semantics (immanent property, evaluability), Periodo Ipotetico (potential ability, conditionality), existential predicate “essere”, verbs of semantics of movement being part of stylistic device of personification, verbs of causal semantics, modal units of intrinsic possibility “potere”, “ardire”. The dominance of statics over dynamics in descriptive text determines the peculiarities of the functioning of verbs of movement being part of stylistic device of personifications when describing natural phenomena (“saliva”, “si spiegava”, “scorreva”). Verbs to indicate actions of referent-subject as potentially possible in the unfolding of causal structures are introduced not directly but through the modal verbs of intrinsic possibility “potere”, “ardire”. Temporal markers are used to show the sequence of referent-subject’s typical actions. To describe the image of the Nameless in the novel “Betrothed”, A. Manzoni chooses stylistic devices that are organized according to the principle of relevant salience. Synonymous series of lexical units with evaluative connotation creates a negative evaluation in the semantic field of descriptive texts. Descriptive text models top-down perception that is determined by subject’s immanent quality. Personification performs the function of emphasis (“sporge in fuori”), metonymy – generalization (quantifiers of totality: “tutto”, “nessuno”), simile and epithet – evaluation. Perception is verbalized in the direction "from top to bottom" through antithesis and gradation. The main stylistic device is antithesis reflecting the opposition between the negative character and the environment. Metonymy and synecdoche form an antithesis that accentuates the contrast between the omnipotence of the Nameless and the powerlessness of his enemies.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ДИНАМИКИ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ АФФИЛИАЦИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕЖИВАНИИ ЛИЧНОСТЬЮ ЖИЗНЕННЫХ КРИЗИСОВ

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the inevitability and diversity of crises in human life. It is noted that interpersonal relations play a role in the experience and overcoming of life crises. The mechanism of affiliation is identified as a factor influencing interpersonal relationships. This paper presents an analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding this phenomenon and its definition. It is observed that the issues of affiliation and, in particular, the role of affiliation in the experience of stressful situations and life crises are currently underdeveloped. The study of the affiliation motive in the context of experiencing life crises was found to have significant theoretical and applied potential. The objective of the presented research is to analyze the impact of life crises on the expression of the need for affiliation and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the level of expression of the need for affiliation and the temporal distance between the actual life period and the place of the crisis event in the temporal space of the life path of an individual. The data from the content analysis of 390 definitions used by respondents to describe crisis events in their lives are presented. Based on the content analysis, the prevailing semantic units describing the central problem of the respondents' life crises are identified. The study revealed that the most distressing experiences were related to professional activities, family relationships, life changes, Special Military Operation (SMO), financial difficulties, and the illness of a loved one. The study describes specific temporal ranges of experiencing crisis events. It also outlines diagnostics of the state of need for affiliation, which were used to differentiate the total sample into subgroups with high, medium, and low levels of desire for acceptance. The level of affiliation in respondents with different temporal characteristics of experienced life crises was compared. The dynamics of the need for acceptance depending on the temporal indicators of the crisis events was noted. As the acuity of the life crisis increases, the probability of decreasing the need for affiliation increases. The closer in time the crisis is, the less the need for affiliation is formed.

Archetypes, plots, and images of old Ukrainian mythology in the lyrics of Yurii Darahan

The relevance of the study is due to the need for a detailed analysis of mythologemes in Yurii Darahan’s work for a sufficiently deep reading of his texts. The subject of the study is the archetypes, plots, and images of Ukrainian mythology in his lyrics. The study aims to find out the conceptual and aesthetic significance of Ukrainian mythological plots and images in Darahan’s artistic picture of the world. Using the methods of mythocritical (archetypal) and intertextual analysis, autobiographical and descriptive methods the author examines all of Yurii Darahan’s published poetry, including the collection Sahaidak (“Quiver”, 1925), and texts outside the collection published in periodicals. Thus, mythologemes — the smallest semantic units of the text that refer to the old Ukrainian mythology — were distinguished, and their influence on the essence of the author’s poetic texts and their role in his artistic picture of the world was revealed. As a result of the study, the following archetypes, plots, and images of old Ukrainian mythology in Darahan’s poetry were identified: the sophisticated and deep archetype of the Great Mother, the productive and inspiring archetype of the Defender (the image of an ideal person), a wide range of solar images, images of mediators, the concept of the Genus, motifs of synergy of the elements and sacrifice, as well as images of old Ukrainian gods. Ukrainian mythology enables him to reveal his vision of the world, reflect on basic ontological categories, and form the basis of his artistic picture of the world; through its distinctive archetypes, images, and plots, he seeks to actualize national memory, identity, and the collective unconscious. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it allows us to deepen the interpretation of Yurii Darahan’s texts and to develop the mythocritical (archetypal) method of text analysis through the prism of national mythology, which is relevant for the study of the Prague School poets and the literary process of the 20th–21st centuries.

Tourist mobility: sociological theory and implementation practices

The article analyzes the connection between the sociology of tourism and the general sociological theory of mobility, which leads to an understanding of modern tourist mobility not as a process of revealing the will of individuals to learn about different cultures, but as a system of social constructions that exist in the form of tourism practices and are focused on maximizing profits for global tour operators. The methodology. The method of the propositional analysis is aimed at identifying logically based semantic units with the aim of selecting and synthesizing reliable knowledge expressed in texts written on issues of sociology of tourism and the general sociological theory of mobility. Scientific novelty is in clarifying the concept of tourist mobility and tourist practices; in revealing that they are largely the result of commercially oriented social construction carried out in the interests of global tour operators; in demonstrating that commercial and non-commercial tourist mobility entail incompatible social consequences. Conclusions. The article is devoted to current problems of modern sociology of tourism in its connection with the general theory of mobility (one of the founders of which was the British sociologist John Urry) that complemented the “old” theory of social mobility by the doctrine of the movement of people, goods, capital, information, etc. in geographical space. Now society has come to be understood as a mobile structure consisting of many mobile practices (including tourism) that can be aimed at either developing essential strength of people or control over their consciousness and behavior.

Где и как возникают смыслы (материалы круглого стола)

The discussion aims to identify the interpretive mechanisms that provide an interface be­tween text and context (between language and the world, language and culture, language and society). It is a multi-level system of interfaces connected by inversion and recursion relations and operations. We identify this system as a pragmasemantics. It also acts as an interface platform for correlation/transformation of intra-system semantic units and extralinguistic objects within a set of possible worlds. At the same time, this platform is endowed with the autopoietic potential to generate new operating interfaces systems, as well as textualized structures of operations and interpretations (instructions, memory, reframing). The genera­tion of meaning is the result of the interaction of the system platform with the platform-as-context, due to the possibility that one generates and determines the operational potential of the other, acting a recursive loop or Möbius strip. The connection between subjectivity and meaningful semiosis is crucially important due to the key role of textualization and langua­ging. The signified are reproduced by signifiers and thus generate those processes that are structured by interactions and other practices. In complex systems (biological and beyond), the possibility of self-replication arises through recursive self-interpretation. Thus, subjectivi­ty acts as a kind of universal interface that determines the change of contexts, their interac­tion, the generation of possible new ones, ensuring the pro-creativity and pre-adaptability of the system (its stability and development.

Development of Interdisciplinary Views on the Energetics of Human Communicative Behavior

This paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the scientific views on the energetics of human communicative and speech behavior. The etymology of the lexeme ‘energy’ is looked into; the definitions of the notion of ‘energy’ available in 17 lexicographic sources are analyzed, and semantic units incorporated into its lexical meaning are extracted. The analysis of their content makes it possible to define four essential features of the general scientific notion of ‘energy’ and synthesize its definition. As the energetics of human communicative behavior is traditionally seen as divided into the psychic and the physical components, its adequate description is possible only with the instruments of the integrative approach. The issues of mutual conversion of several types of energy to cater for various individual’s behavioral programs, as well as physical and physiological aspects of speech energetics have already been researched to a certain extent. Less attention has been paid to the psychic energy of a person, which nonetheless is intuitively considered to be a significant motive of any form of human activity. A concise account of historical views on the human psychic energy, nominated “prana”, “chi”, “soul”, “spirit”, “entelechy”, “energeia”, “psychic pneuma”, “animal spirits”, etc. is provided in the paper. Milestones in the research of the neurophysiological aspect of the energy supply of human communicative and speech behavior are reviewed. Special attention is paid to Freud’s description of the human psychic energy “economy” as the first full-fledged theory, capable of forming the basis for modeling the energetics of human communicative and speech behavior. Mention is made of the modern concept of “allostasis” oriented towards an anticipatory forecasting of energy needs by the organism rather than its posterior restoration upon some significant psychic events. Due to a lack of theoretical and experimental linguistic research, taking into consideration energy dynamics of the communicants’ psychic processes, a universal stochastic model of utterance generation, developed by A. Kalyta and O. Klymeniuk appears specifically promising. It could be effectively used in the development of the methodology of an experimental-phonetic study of conflict talks, typically marked with a significant level of emotional tension.

Visual Image Captioning through Transformer

Abstract: The convergence of computer vision and natural language processing in Artificial Intelligence has sparked significant interest in recent years, largely propelled by the advancements in deep learning. One notable application born from this synergy is the automatic description of images in English. Image captioning involves the computer's ability to interpret visual information from an image and translate it into one or more descriptive phrases. Generating meaningful descriptions requires understanding the state, properties, and relationships between the depicted objects, demanding a grasp of high-level picture semantics. Automatically captioning images is a complex task that intertwines image analysis with text generation. Central to this process is the concept of attention, determining what to describe and in what sequence. While transformer architectures have shown success in text analysis and translation, adapting them for image captioning presents unique challenges due to structural differences between semantic units in images (usually identified regions from object detection models) and sentences (composed of individual words). Little effort has been devoted to tailoring transformer architectures to suit images' structural characteristics. In this study, we introduce the Image Transformer, a novel architecture comprising a modified encoding transformer and an implicit decoding transformer. Our approach involves expanding the inner architecture of the original transformer layer to better accommodate the structural nuances of images. By utilizing only region features as inputs, our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the MSCOCO Dataset. This research employing CNN-Transformer architectural models for image captioning aims to detect objects within images and convey information through textual messages. The envisioned application of this method extends to aiding individuals with visual impairments, using text-to-speech messages to facilitate their access to information and nurture their cognitive abilities. This paper meticulously explores fundamental concepts in image captioning and its standardized procedures, introducing a generative CNN-Transformer model as a significant advancement in this field.

일반고등학교에서 지적장애인이 경험한 잠재적 교육과정

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of schools for positive latent curriculum
 experiences by examining the latent curriculum experienced by people with intellectual disabilities
 in general high schools. The participants in the study were six graduates and students from special
 classes at general high schools, and a total of eight interviews were conducted using photovoices.
 The collected data were analyzed according to a practical and comprehensive analysis procedure,
 and five upper categories, 13 lower categories, and 53 semantic units were derived: ‘Integrated
 classes like a cactus on the desert’, ‘Special classes I don’t want to leave’, ‘Precarious online class’,
 ‘Work Life Appreciating What We Learned in School’, ‘My dream school’. As a result of the study,
 the latent curriculum experienced by people with intellectual disabilities showed differences
 depending on the learning space, and the latent curriculum they experienced had an impact on
 their professional lives after graduation. Additionally, it was found that people with intellectual
 disabilities want schools to be positive spaces. Based on the research results, the direction of
 improvement for a positive latent curriculum experience was discussed.

학교 밖 청소년의 사회적응 경험에 대한 생태학적 사례연구

The study aims to identify the personality competencies out-of-school youths use for social adaptation and to understand their adaptation patterns in and out of the ecosystem. The study, conducted from May to August 2022, involved surveys and inter-views with out-of-school youths and 11 associated individuals (5 youths, 3 parents, 3 ad-visors) in D city. Over four months, data were gathered through individual and focus group interviews and analyzed using Giorgi’s semantic unit analysis. The analysis revealed 228 themes, forming 26 topic groups and 4 categories, related to the adolescents' personality competencies for social adaptation. These youths showed positive life acceptance, future preparedness, and internal and external protective factors aiding their crisis management and adaptation. Additionally, self-reported adaptation patterns of these adolescents yielded 73 themes, 14 topic groups, and 4 categories. Parent and advisor reports on youth adaptation patterns resulted in 71 themes, 13 topic groups, and 4 categories. The study found that these adolescents are adapting to society and maturing through experiences facilitated by external support systems (family support, positive feedback, opportunity provision) and internal character competencies, within a dynamic environment.

재가노인지원서비스 사회복지사의 무연고 독거노인 돌봄 체계 전환 업무 경험에 대한 질적 사례연구

This study aims to explore ways to change the care system so that unrelated elderly people can be represented when they need to be admitted to nursing homes or nursing hospitals, to the extent that their self-determination is respected and supported as much as possible. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with five participants who had experience in care transition for unrelated elderly living alone among social workers providing services affiliated with senior welfare centers, and analyzed using Yin’s (2009) case study data analysis method. Through this, we derived five constructs as a result of the study, including “unfortunate situation of the elderly,” “work dilemma,” “little institutional and organizational support,” “saving the elderly living alone without ointment,” and “desire,” and further established 12 subconstructs and 48 semantic units. From this research, we recommend the following policies. First, social workers and local governments in charge of providing in-home elderly support services should be authorized to represent unrelated elderly people living alone. Second, the number of people eligible for public guardianship for dementia should be expanded and the application process should be simplified.

육군 현역 병사의 군 의료서비스에 대한 의미

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of military medical services of Korean army soldiers. In-depth interviews were conducted with five study participants. The interview content consisted of 49 semantic units, 8 subcategories, and 4 categories. As a result of the study, first, there was a need to present measures and cases to establish trust that soldiers can receive the best medical services in a timely manner when they need medical services while performing defense missions. Second, problems with military medical services presented in the past, such as insufficient information on military medical services, pain to endure with timely medical services, and insufficient quality of military medical services, have not been resolved. Third, there was a sad reality that the level of medical services had to be divided into military and private sectors. Fourth, it was suggested that appropriate medical services must be provided to soldiers who perform national defense obligations.

A Qualitative Investigation of the Determinants Influencing Physical Activity Among Women in Ilam Town

Background: The female population above the age of 50 exhibits a higher inclination toward sedentary lifestyles compared to their counterparts. Moreover, physiological factors, such as breastfeeding, pregnancy, and menopause, render women more susceptible to ailments and disabilities. This study was conducted in an attempt to discern various elements contributing to women’s physical activity levels in Ilam town. Methods: A targeted sampling approach was employed for this qualitative investigation. The data collection involved conducting individual interviews with 16 females who fell within the middle-aged bracket of 30–59 years in the year 2019 in Ilam town, Iran. These interviews followed a semi-structured format wherein open-ended questions were asked that aimed at gaining clear and comprehensive insights without any biasing influence. To derive patterns from these interviews, the content analysis method was utilized by identifying differences and similarities among codes, along with repetitions of semantic units. For this purpose, MAXQDA software (version 10) facilitated effective analysis. Results: Upon analyzing the obtained information from participants aged around 40, primarily homemakers; several categories emerged pertaining to advantages associated with regular physical activity, as cited by the respondents themselves. The overall outcome thus encompassed four distinct categories, disclosing beneficence related to consistent exercise engagement among them. The findings of the study were divided into three primary classifications, including comprehending the advantages of physical activity, explanatory factors, and persuasive factors. Additionally, there were barriers to regular physical activity that fell into seven major categories, including family, social, customary, economic, environmental, and cultural spheres. Each barrier encompassed both tangible and intangible aspects. Conclusion: The participants provided accounts of various individual, socioeconomic, political, and environmental elements that fostered consistent engagement in physical activity. Moreover, the study subjects reported encountering a range of barriers and facilitators with respect to cultural and economic influences on their physical activity levels. Therefore, strategies devised to encourage women’s involvement in physical activity should primarily focus on bolstering social support knowledge and self-efficacy while concurrently minimizing or eliminating cultural and economic hindrances. These socio-cultural factors should also be considered when formulating future initiatives by communities, organizations, and policymakers so as to develop interventions that more effectively align with the needs and perspectives of women.

Iranian Nurses’ Behavioral Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Background: The large-scale spread of COVID-19 affected communities with many deaths worldwide causing significant concerns. Due to being on the front line of fighting against this disease, a great number of healthcare providers lost their lives. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the changes in nurses’ behavior and practice while taking care of COVID-19 patients. Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative conventional content analysis approach in 2020-2021. The participants were 14 nurses taking care of COVID-19 patients in the infectious diseases wards of a teaching hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through interviews with the nurses, and data collection continued until data saturation. The collected data were analyzed based on the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. After recording and transcribing the interviews, the participants’ statements were categorized into semantic units. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA-10 software. Results: The majority of nurses reported significant behavioral changes that were categorized into five main themes including intensification of protective measures and increase in concentration, emergence of mental and psychological symptoms, increase in the sense of responsibility towards the family, recourse to prayer and religious rituals, and increased empathy with patients. Conclusion: According to the research findings providing material and spiritual incentives as well as support to personnel to increase their motivation and work productivity should be taken into consideration by officials during epidemics. Moreover, actions such as providing free psychological counseling are suggested to calm the personnel.

DRIP: Segmenting individual requirements from software requirement documents

AbstractNumerous academic research projects and industrial tasks related to software engineering require individual requirements as input. Unfortunately, according to our observation, several requirements may be packed in one paragraph without explicit boundaries in specification documents. To understand this problem's prevalence, we performed a preliminary study on the open requirement documents widely used in the academic community over the last 10 years, and found that 26% of them include this phenomenon. Several text segmentation approaches have been reported; however, they tend to identify topically coherent units which may contain more than one requirement. What is more, they do not take the constitutions of semantic units of requirements into consideration. Here we report a two‐phase learning‐based approach named DRIP to segment individual requirements from paragraphs. To be specific, we first propose a Requirement Segmentation Siamese framework, which models the similarity of sentences and their conjunction relations, and then detects the initial boundaries between individual requirements. Then, we optimize the boundaries heuristically based on the semantic completeness validation of the segments. Experiments with 1132 paragraphs and 6826 sentences show that DRIP outperforms the popular unsupervised and supervised text segmentation algorithms with respect to processing different documents (with accuracy gains of 57.65%–187.53%) and processing paragraphs of different complexity (with average accuracy gains of 54.46%–158.68%). We also show the importance of each component of DRIP to the segmentation.

THE ROLE OF THE IMAGE IN THE SEMANTICS OF PHRASEOLOGISMS

Both external appearance and internal structure are complex units – the semantics of phraseological units is considered one of the most important issues in the world of phraseology. It is relevant from this point of view to describe the features of the image in the phraseological meaning by interpreting the meaning of phraseological units in the Kazakh and Turkish languages. The article concludes that special units in the language system – phraseological units perform all three functions of the language – communicative, cumulative, aesthetic, and this function of phraseological units is realized through the internal form – image. Based on this conclusion, the image motivates the true meaning of the phraseology; that it shows evaluation and emotionality in the phraseological sense; that it is a carrier of cultural connotation proven by comparing qualitative semantic phraseology in the Kazakh and Turkish languages. It is concluded that phraseologisms are motivated not by the meaning of their components, but by the associated image of the real world in the mind of the language owner. In some phraseological units, the initial base-image may not be clear, but it is said that it can be determined etymologically, because the image is an internal form, and without the internal form, it is concluded that the phraseology itself does not exist. The fact that the image shows components in the range of “good-bad”, “approve-disapprove” – evaluation and emotionality is confirmed by a comparative analysis of phraseological units in two languages. It is considered that the connotative content of an ethno-cultural nature is not an auxiliary meaning adverb in the structure of phraseological meaning, but a mandatory and main element, because the image base – internal form of phraseological units is formed on the basis of the national-cultural worldview. It is determined that the category of imagery is characteristic of all qualitative semantic phraseological units.

OLD UKRAINIAN MYTHOLOGY IN OLEH OLZHYCH’S LYRICS

Ukrainian modernists, in particular Prague School poets, sought to actualize the old Ukrainian mythology in their writings and reinterpret it as a starting point for existence. Relying on the tradition of neoromanticism and neoclassicism, they created a unique style that reflected the experience of defeat in the national liberation war and emigration. This style was an attempt to form a new identity that would maintain continuity with the glorious past and meet the requirements of the time. The poets aimed to establish a new way of thinking that would influence the nation’s worldview, self-determination, and will to struggle. A scrupulous analysis of the elements from old Ukrainian mythology in Oleh Olzhych’s lyrics is crucial for a comprehensive interpretation of his texts. Oleh Olzhych’s poems are saturated with old Ukrainian mythological archetypes, images, and plots that have become a fundamental part of his literary model of the world. The published poems from his books “Pebble” (“Rin”, 1935), “Towers” (“Vezhi”, 1940), and “Pidzamcha” (1946), as well as works beyond these collections, have been analyzed with the use of mythocritical method. Mythologemes, being minimal semantic units of text referring to myths, are typically positioned prominently within the texts.
 The relevant archetypes and images in Oleh Olzhych’s lyrics include the Great Mother, the World Tree, a complex of solar imagery, mediators, and direct references to the gods and creatures of old Ukrainian myths. The old Ukrainian mythology in Oleh Olzhych’s poems accumulates ontological, existential, and value knowledge, appealing to the collective unconscious and being one of the formative components of his worldview.

Temporal Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding via Semantic Evolution

Real-world networks are often heterogeneous and constantly changing over time. Evolution reveals the trend of network development, which is vital for predicting its future state, and network embedding can effectively learn the information from it. Nevertheless, previous works only consider the impact of meta-path instances or node neighbors on the network dynamics but ignore the relationship between them, and hence the hidden semantic information is missed, which will result in performance deterioration. Therefore, we propose a novel temporal heterogeneous information network embedding method (SemE), which abstracts the instance of the meta-path as semantic units and then considers the interaction between them to discover deeper semantic information. Specifically, we first construct semantic networks by the Ethernet topology and the interaction between semantic units. The semantic units are sampled based on a pre-designed meta-path-guided random walk. To further capture the semantic evolution of the semantic network, we learn the embedding of nodes by the attention-Hawkes process. Finally, we generate the final embedding by aggregating the structure, semantic and temporal information with the attention mechanism. Experiments on three real-world temporal heterogeneous information networks show that our model performs better than competitive counterparts.