Semantic Navigation Research Articles

A compreensão dos movimentos dos leitores em documentos www

Este estudo objetiva identificar os movimentos dos leitores no espao virtual e, para tanto, est estruturado como sendo uma viagem atravs do ambiente da Rede Mundial de computadores (www). A World Wide Web formada pela representao de elementos grficos, de navegao e organizacionais, mtodos de movimentao de leitores dentro de um documento da Rede e os modelos mentais que os leitores desenvolvem enquanto navegam no ambiente da Web. O conhecimento que se tem sobre navegao em espao fsico serve como modelo terico no estudo dos movimentos dos leitores em ambientes da Rede. As etapas de obteno de conhecimento virtual (marco/rota/explorao) so examinadas e testadas e os resultados sugerem que quando os leitores interagem com documentos da Rede, eles associam os elementos grficos a marcos. Leitores criam uma rota de conhecimento de documentos conhecidos e, conforme testes realizados, eles parecem no desenvolver conhecimento exploratrio ou mapas cognitivos. E, por fim, o autor sugere que navegar por documentos da Rede deveria ser considerado como sendo uma navegao semntica e no uma navegao virtual. Neste trabalho, o autor apenas descreve os estudos conduzidos na tentativa de se descobrir se leitores desenvolvem ou no conhecimento de rotas e exploratrio em conhecidos documentos www. [ Download ]

An approach and an Eclipse-based environment for enhancing the navigation structure of Web sites

This paper presents an approach based on information retrieval and clustering techniques for automatically enhancing the navigation structure of a Web site for improving navigability. The approach increments the set of navigation links provided in each page of the site with a semantic navigation map, i.e., a set of links enabling navigating from a given page to other pages of the site showing similar or related content. The approach uses Latent Semantic Indexing to compute a dissimilarity measure between the pages of the site and a graph-theoretic clustering algorithm to group pages showing similar or related content according to the calculated dissimilarity measure. AJAX code is finally used to extend each Web page with an associated semantic navigation map. The paper also presents a prototype of a tool developed to support the approach and the results from a case study conducted to assess the validity and feasibility of the proposal.

From social computing to reflexive collective intelligence: The IEML research program

The IEML research program promotes a radical innovation in the notation and processing of semantics. IEML (Information Economy MetaLanguage) is a regular language that provides new methods for semantic interoperability, semantic navigation, collective categorization and self-referential collective intelligence. This research program is compatible with the major standards of the Web of data and is in tune with the current trends in social computing. The paper explains the philosophical relevance of this new language, expounds its syntactic and semantic structures and ponders its possible implications for the growth of collective intelligence in cyberspace.

Visualising the structure of document search results: a comparison of graph theoretic approaches

Previous work has shown that distance-similarity visualisation or 'spatialisation' can provide a potentially useful context in which to browse the results of a query search, enabling the user to adopt a simple local foraging or 'cluster growing' strategy to navigate through the retrieved document set. However, faithfully mapping feature-space models to visual space can be problematic owing to their inherent high dimensionality and non-linearity. Conventional linear approaches to dimension reduction tend to fail at this kind of task, sacrificing local structural in order to preserve a globally optimal mapping. In this paper the clustering performance of a recently proposed algorithm called isometric feature mapping (Isomap), which deals with non-linearity by transforming dissimilarities into geodesic distances, is compared to that of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS). Various graph pruning methods, for geodesic distance estimation, are also compared. Results show that Isomap is significantly better at preserving local structural detail than MDS, suggesting it is better suited to cluster growing and other semantic navigation tasks. Moreover, it is shown that applying a minimum-cost graph pruning criterion can provide a parameter-free alternative to the traditional K-neighbour method, resulting in spatial clustering that is equivalent to or better than that achieved using an optimal-K criterion.

Visualising the Structure of Document Search Results: A Comparison of Graph Theoretic Approaches

Previous work has shown that distance-similarity visualisation or ‘spatialisation’ can provide a potentially useful context in which to browse the results of a query search, enabling the user to adopt a simple local foraging or ‘cluster growing’ strategy to navigate through the retrieved document set. However, faithfully mapping feature-space models to visual space can be problematic owing to their inherent high dimensionality and non-linearity. Conventional linear approaches to dimension reduction tend to fail at this kind of task, sacrificing local structural in order to preserve a globally optimal mapping. In this paper the clustering performance of a recently proposed algorithm called isometric feature mapping (Isomap), which deals with non-linearity by transforming dissimilarities into geodesic distances, is compared to that of non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). Various graph pruning methods, for geodesic distance estimation, are also compared. Results show that Isomap is significantly better at preserving local structural detail than MDS, suggesting it is better suited to cluster growing and other semantic navigation tasks. Moreover, it is shown that applying a minimum-cost graph pruning criterion can provide a parameter-free alternative to the traditional K-neighbour method, resulting in spatial clustering that is equivalent to or better than that achieved using an optimal- K criterion.

A layered framework supporting personal information integration and application design for the semantic desktop

With the development of inexpensive storage devices, space usage is no longer a bottleneck for computer users. However, the increasingly large amount of personal information poses a critical problem to those users: traditional file organization in hierarchical directories may not be suited to the effective management of personal information because it ignores the semantic associations therein and bears no connection with the applications that users will run. To address such limitations, we present our vision of a semantic desktop, which relies on the use of ontologies to annotate and organize data and on the concept of personal information application (PIA), which is associated with a user's task. The PIA designer is the tool that is provided for building a variety of PIAs consisting of views (e.g., text, list, table, graph), which are spatially arranged and display interrelated fragments of the overall personal information. The semantic organization of the data follows a layered architecture that models separately the personal information, the domain data, and the application data. The network of concepts that ensues from extensive annotation and explicit associations lends itself well to rich browsing capabilities and to the formulation of expressive database-like queries. These queries are also the basis for the interaction among views of the PIAs in the same desktop or in networked desktops. In the latter case, the concept of desktop service provides for a semantic platform for the integration of information across different desktops and the web. In this paper, we present in detail the semantic organization of the information, the overall system architecture and implementation aspects, queries and their processing, PIAs and the PIA designer, including usability studies on the designer, and the concepts of semantic navigation in a desktop and of interoperation in a network of desktops.

Domed: Semantic data integration and navigation in Web-based medical records

Medical data are stored on multiple health information systems which are heterogeneous and non-communicating. These medical information systems are often built with Web-based pages. The medical record of a patient is therefore dispatched between all these removed systems. It is then difficult to get a complete and consistent long-life medical record due to semantic and structural heterogeneities. Our aim is to propose a user interface in which the patient's medical records rebuilt by the end-user himself in a simple interface where concepts are chosen in a list and linked automatically together. Therefore, the user can navigate in this space of concepts to obtain information he needs, as easily as in a web site.

Architecture of a semantic data integration system based on a semantically complete model and a semantically complete query language

The availability of numerous sources of structured data on the Internet poses the problem of their integration into a unified information space just as the unstructured data and weakly structured data sources are integrated in the framework of the WWW. The main requirement for such an information space is the simplicity of operation for the users that are not trained IT experts. The architecture of a system of semantic integration of distributed and heterogeneous data sources is proposed in the framework of a unified semantic access interface. The semantic nature of this interface lies in the fact that one can interact with such a system in terms of the concepts of the application domain completely ignoring the implementation details of the systems being integrated. The proposed architecture simplifies the users' work, the integration process, and the development of user forms with a rich functionality including a semantic navigation between the forms. A distinctive feature of this architecture is that the system integration and the development of user forms are performed declaratively in the interactive mode without programming. The simplification of the users' work with the system is achieved due to some special properties of the semantically complete model (SCM) and of the semantically complete query language (SCQL), which provide a basis for the system. A prototype of the system under study is briefly described. The prototype is implemented as a type of the client-server technology based on the SCM-SCQL.

Linking and thinking: The use of typed informational relationships in aid of semantic navigation

AbstractAn underlying challenge of hypertext systems is that of maintaining coherence in meaning when traversing nodes. Functional link typing is one method that has been proposed to address this challenge with the consequent action of increasing global coherence within the hypertext and facilitating increased comprehension. As such, functional link types are efficacious for navigating through the meaning relationships (semantics) of a hypertext and reduce reliance of physical navigation metaphors. The study described here employs a previously developed link type taxonomy in a Web‐based journal publishing system (OJS). The goal is to enable readers to create functionally meaningful relationships between journal articles with the outcome of enhancing later, semantic based, navigation through the collection as a whole.

Distributed, intelligent, interactive visualization and exploration of time-oriented clinical data and their abstractions

We present KNAVE-II, an intelligent interface to a distributed architecture specific to the tasks of query, knowledge-based interpretation, summarization, visualization, interactive exploration of large numbers of distributed time-oriented clinical data, and dynamic sensitivity analysis of these data. KNAVE-II main contributions to the fields of temporal reasoning and intelligent user interfaces are: (1) the capability for interactive computation and visualization of domain specific temporal abstractions, supported by ALMA--a computational engine that applies the domain knowledge base to the clinical time-oriented database. (2) Semantic (ontology-based) navigation and exploration of the data, knowledge, and temporal abstractions, supported by the IDAN mediator, a distributed architecture that enables runtime access to domain-specific knowledge bases that are maintained by expert physicians. KNAVE-II was designed according to 12 requirements that were defined through iterative cycles of design and user-centered evaluation. The complete architecture has been implemented and evaluated in a cross-over study design that compared the KNAVE-II module versus two existing methods: paper charts and an Excel electronic spreadsheet. A small group of clinicians answered the same queries, using the domain of oncology and a set of 1000 patients followed after bone-marrow transplantation. The results show that users are able to perform medium to hard difficulty level queries faster and more accurately by using KNAVE-II than paper charts and Excel. Moreover, KNAVE-II was ranked first in preference by all users, along all usability dimensions. Initial evaluation of KNAVE-II and its supporting knowledge based temporal-mediation architecture, by applying it to a large data base of patients monitored several years after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), has produced highly encouraging results.

Metaphrase: An Aid to the Clinical Conceptualization and Formalization of Patient Problems in Healthcare Enterprises

Patient descriptors, or "problems," such as "brain metastases of melanoma" are an effective way for caregivers to describe patients. But most problems, e.g., "cubital tunnel syndrome" or "ulnar nerve compression," found in problem lists in an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) are not comparable computationally--in general, a computer cannot determine whether they describe the same or a related problem, or whether the user would have preferred "ulnar nerve compression syndrome." Metaphrase is a scalable, middleware component designed to be accessed from problem-manager applications in EMR systems. In response to caregivers' informal descriptors it suggests potentially equivalent, authoritative, and more formally comparable descriptors. Metaphrase contains a clinical subset of the 1997 UMLS Metathesaurus and some 10,000 "problems" from the Mayo Clinic and Harvard Beth Israel Hospital. Word and term completion, spelling correction, and semantic navigation, all combine to ease the burden of problem conceptualization, entry and formalization.