Idea Of Semantics Research Articles

Microscopic Image Retrieval Scheme Using Neural Network For Multi Image Queries

In this paper, we describe the plan and advancement of a neural network based image retrieval framework for microscopic images using a reference information base that contains images of more than one information. Such an extraction requires a point by point assessment of retrieval execution of image highlights. This paper presents a survey of crucial parts of content based image retrieval including highlight extraction of color and surface highlights. The proposed neural network based image retrieval framework utilizes a multitier way to deal with arrange and recover microscopic images including their particular subtypes, which are generally hard to separate and characterize. Broad examinations on neural network based image retrieval frameworks show that low-level image highlights can't generally depict elevated level semantic ideas in the clients mind. This framework empowers multi-image inquiry to ensure the semantic consistency among the recovered images. New weighting terms, roused from information retrieval hypothesis, are characterized for multiple-image inquiry and retrieval. The multi-image inquiry calculation with the proposed weighting technique accomplishes about normal order exactness at the main position retrieval, beating the image-level retrieval precision by about ideal rate focuses for different infections separately. Utilizing low level highlights just does exclude human insight. In the event that human mediation is permitted in the image retrieval framework the proficiency supports up.

Interactivity and materiality matter in creativity: educational robotics for the assessment of divergent thinking

ABSTRACT Idea generation in interactive learning environments requires the consideration of the interactivity and materiality aspects of creativity. In educational robotics, idea generation is mediated through a technological object in a process allowing us to observe the three main components of divergent thinking: fluency, flexibility, and originality. Nevertheless, divergent thinking assessment has been mainly evaluated in the last decades through semantic idea generation tasks such the Alternative Uses Test (AUT), asking participants to write different uses for familiar objects. In our study, we aimed to analyze differences in the three divergent thinking components (fluency, flexibility, and originality) through the AUT as a semantic task and through an educational robotic task that engaged the participants in building their ideas interactively. Results show that the creative components are strongly correlated within but not between the two tasks, leading us to consider the differences in the creative processes engaged when generating ideas through building with robotic objects. The role of affordances in idea generation through educational robotics is discussed as an important difference to consider in the evaluation of creativity in interactive learning environments.

LANGUAGE MEANS OF EXPRESSION WHILE EMOTIONAL IMPLIED SENSE CREATION IN THE WORKS OF THE “HAINISH CYCLE” BY URSULA K. LE GUIN

Objective. The objective of the study is the linguistic-stylistic analysis of the prose of the modern American writer U. Le Guin in terms of its emotional significance and colour, the peculiarities of the writer’s creation of “emotional implied sense “ on the example of novels “Hainish cycle”. Methods. The following methods are applied during the research: the method of interpretation, the method of stylistic experiment, the method of combinatorial increment of meaning, the method of associative field and the method of regulatory structuring, Results. In the course of the research, it is established that stylistic meaning is a part of the semantic structure of a linguistic sign, although it goes beyond the language system. In order to analyze the linguistic and stylistic features of U. Le Guin’s stories, we use the idea of frame semantics, developed by Charles Fillmore, in which the researcher connects linguistic knowledge with an encyclopedia, where it is impossible to understand the meaning of one word without access to all existing knowledge related to this word. That is, the word activates or evokes a frame of semantic knowledge related to the specific concept to which it refers. The words not only highlight certain concepts, but also indicate a certain perspective from which the frame is considered. “The Left Hand of Darkness” can rightly be considered the most unusual novel in the Hainish cycle. This novel is extremely rich in means of artistic expression, among which metaphors stand out. The metaphorical nature of the novel is declared by the writer herself in the preface to it. Conceptual metaphors play an important role in the work, which can be divided into groups that characterize the main images of the work. The distinction of the author’s style is that the author does not set goals to show the image of darkness as negative. On the contrary, U. Le Guin urges people to see a single phenomenon in two opposites. Thus, the conceptual metaphors in the novel play an important role in understanding the issues of the work. The range of problems considered in the novel is significant. They cover both serious social issues and important psychological concepts. The metaphors used and created by the author enhance the effect of presence, the effect of involvement in events and ultimately contribute to a deeper understanding author’s intention.

Exploring college English teaching of rhetorical knowledge: A Legitimation Code Theory analysis

Despite a voluminous literature addressing English language teaching, the explorations focused on knowledge-building are rather limited in number. This is particularly the case with China’s tertiary English education. Unlike existing research, this study investigated Chinese college English teachers’ knowledge-building about rhetorical figures by drawing on the ideas of Autonomy and Semantics in Legitimation Code Theory. Designed as sequential mixed-method research with a development purpose, the study takes as its analytical data the pedagogic discourse generated in the finals of China’s National College English Teaching Context. It was found that the knowledge practices about rhetorical figures vary, for one thing, in their likelihood of shifting to introjected codes and returning to the initial sovereign code and the motivations for their possible drift into exotic codes; and for another, in whether they are unpacking-oriented, repacking-oriented, or unpacking-and-repacking-integrated. With this, the study demonstrated how varied knowledge practices in English language teaching or English-medium teaching can be portrayed, distinguished and explicated in terms of autonomy and semantic code shifts and by reference to their display of autonomy pathways and semantic profiles. The study also makes contributions by actualizing the perspectival complementarity between Autonomy and Semantics in describing and interpreting pedagogic practices, shedding light on the design and improvement of knowledge-building in both English language teaching and disciplinary teaching, and highlighting the necessity of developing non-native English teachers’ metalinguistic awareness of Legitimation Code Theory and systemic functional linguistics.

COMPOSITIONALITY, COMPUTABILITY, AND COMPLEXITY

AbstractThis paper starts from the observation that the standard arguments for compositionality are really arguments for the computability of semantics. Since computability does not entail compositionality, the question of what justifies compositionality recurs. The paper then elaborates on the idea of recursive semantics as corresponding to computable semantics. It is then shown by means of time complexity theory and with the use of term rewriting as systems of semantic computation, that syntactically unrestricted, noncompositional recursive semantics leads to computational explosion (factorial complexity). Hence, with combinatorially unrestricted syntax, semantics with tractable time complexity is compositional.

Fuzzy representation of finite-valued quantum gates

The theory of logical gates in quantum computation has inspired the development of new forms of quantum logic based on the following semantic idea: the meaning of a formula is identified with a quantum information quantity, represented by a density operator. At the same time, the logical connectives are interpreted as operations defined in terms of quantum gates. In this framework, some possible relations between fuzzy representations based on continuous t-norms for quantum gates and the probabilistic behavior of quantum computational finite-valued connectives are investigated. In particular, a fuzzy-type representation for quantum many-valued extensions of the gates introduced by Toffoli, Fredkin and Peres is described.

The Container Image Schema as the Conceptual Basis of English Adjectives’ Semantics

This paper focuses on the cognitive foundation of the semantics of English adjectives that denote mental and moral characteristics of human beings. Research into these adjectives seems a challenging task because they denote abstract qualities that cannot be perceived through vision, hearing, or touch; and here a question arises: How are abstract qualities interpreted in English encoded through adjectives? To answer it, this study follows the idea of two-level semantics, i.e. word semantics is treated as a two-level phenomenon that comprises the semantic (external) level and the conceptual (deep) one. This study is the first to address adjectival semantics from this perspective. Here a novel approach to revealing the cognitive foundation of adjectives is introduced: given that adjectives originated from old syncretic items and a word cognitive model forms at the moment of word creation, cognitive models underlying adjectives' semantics are unearthed via analysis of their etymological data. Our contribution is two-fold. First, the approach has revealed that the image schema CONTAINER guides semantics of an array of various adjectives independent of their morphemic structure or date of origin. The examples demonstrate that abstract human qualities are interpreted via the following container features: boundary, container substance, size, hardness/softness of a container shell, etc. The semantics of affixed or compound adjectives appear to stem from the integration of concepts represented by an affix and a root or two roots, respectively. Second, the findings show that the value given to every container feature appears to predetermine the evaluation conveyed by an adjective. Container features tend to possess ambivalent value, realizing the positive or negative one due to the interaction with a frame in which the CONTAINER is incorporated, therefore the same polysemantic adjective may develop both positive and negative meanings. To reveal the whole inventory of cognitive models that govern adjectival semantics in English, further research needs to be conducted.

Recapturing Dynamic Logic of Relation Changers via Bounded Morphisms

The present contribution shows that a Hilbert-style axiomatization for dynamic logic of relation changers is complete for the standard Kripke semantics not by a well-known rewriting technique but by the idea of an auxiliary semantics studied by van Benthem and Wang et al. A key insight of our auxiliary semantics for dynamic logic of relation changers can be described as: “relation changers are bounded morphisms.” Moreover, we demonstrate that this semantic insight can be used to provide a modular cut-free labelled sequent calculus for the logic in the sense that our calculus can be regarded as a natural expansion of a labelled sequent calculus of iteration-free propositional dynamic logic.

Automated Framework for Real-Time Sentiment Analysis

There are many fascinating headings that can be investigated. Newspapers, blogs, articles print a lot of content and depicts a lot about a person’s positive and negative aspects. Through this project we can estimate those numbers of positivity, negativity or neutrality. This is the way toward recognizing and arranging sentiments communicated in a bit of content, particularly to decide if an author’s disposition towards a point/item is sure, negative or impartial. It is utilized to check how positive or how negative an announcement is. This analysis is like manner called sentiment mining or opinion AI, is the path toward deciding if a touch of making is sure, negative, or unprejudiced. A run of the mill use case for this development is to discover how people feel about a subject. Sentiment analysis is broadly connected to audits and internet-based life for an assortment of utilizations. Sentiment analysis can be performed from various perspectives. Numerous brands and advertisers use watchword-based apparatuses that arrange information as positive/negative/impartial. We are keen on how assumption can change by statistic gathering, news source or geographic area. By extending our spatial examination of news elements to feeling maps, we can recognize topographical locales of good or unfavorable sentiments for given elements. We are additionally examining how much our opinion lists helps us predicting future changes in society or market conduct. With the quick development of web-based life, sentiment analysis, additionally called opinion mining, has turned out to be a standout amongst the most dynamic research regions in natural language processing. Its application is additionally boundless, from business administrations to political campaigns. It is used to manage Twitter and its APIs which provide relationships a fast and reliable mechanism to screen the people’s beliefs and emotions towards their brand, business, chiefs, and so on. A wide scope of highlights and strategies for training sentiment classifiers for Twitter datasets have been explored as of late with changing outcomes. In this paper, for each removed substance from tweets, we include its semantic idea as an extra element and measure the connection of the agent idea with negative/positive sentiment. We apply this way to deal with foresee sentiment from various Twitter datasets. In our outcome, after characterizing the Negative, Neutral and positive sentiments, we print the most regularly utilized words in our sentiment in the bar graph and Pie-chart, helping the client to think about the sentiments more productively and successfully. It is one of the speediest creating investigation zones in programming designing, making it attempt to screen all of the activities in the area. Starting late, assumption examination has moved from exploring on the web thing studies to web-based life compositions from Twitter and Facebook. Various focuses past thing reviews like securities trades, races, fiascos, tranquilize, programming building and cyberbullying grow the use of assumption investigation.

Philosophical Issues of Semantics Raised by L.A. Novikov as a Key to Creating the Terminology Apparatus of Legal Linguistics (Category of Intentiuon)

In the late 20th century, in linguistics, inevitable changes were felt which were connected with the necessity in the transition of the science about language onto an absolutely new stage of its development. L.A. Novikov was one of the first among those who understood it. In the 80-s of the previous century he presented a new idea of semantics with deep philosophic understanding of its problem field, with the aspiration to seek solutions through the language interdisciplinary links. For the contemporary linguistics L.A. Novikov’s approaches are evident; however, they are not deprived of urgency and can become a clue to the solution of many problems especially in the field of terminology studies. In the present paper, on the basis of L.A. Novikov’s theory, an attempt is made to give the definition for the category of intentionality from the point of view of legal linguistics since the application of the available in the theory of law ideas for the new integrated direction is already insufficient. Legal linguistics has entered the development phase when there is an urgent necessity in shaping its own terminological vocabulary. This process can’t be “closed” and be limited by the approaches of the theory of law and theory of language: the shaping of the notion apparatus must be based on the ideas available in philosophy, psychology, physiology, education etc. This understanding of the problem finds its reflection in the present paper which makes it possible to define intentionality as a form of the implementation of the deliberateness of the act which is determined by the motive.

Frege and the origins of model theory in nineteenth century geometry

The aim of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of Frege’s views on semantics and metatheory by looking at his take on several themes in nineteenth century geometry that were significant for the development of modern model-theoretic semantics. I will focus on three issues in which a central semantic idea, the idea of reinterpreting non-logical terms, gradually came to play a substantial role: the introduction of elements at infinity in projective geometry; the study of transfer principles, especially the principle of duality; and the use of counterexamples in independence arguments. Based on a discussion of these issues and how nineteenth century geometers reflected about them, I will then look into Frege’s take on these matters. I conclude with a discussion of Frege’s views and what they entail for the debate about his stance towards semantics and metatheory more generally.

The peculiarities of the instrumental parts interpretation in “Four Pieces for Clarinet and Piano” op. 5 by A. Berg

The peculiarities of the instrumental parts interpretation in “Four Pieces for Clarinet and Piano” op. 5 by A. Berg

Why Cognitive Semantics Says Meaning Is Conceptualization

Cognitive semantics relates linguistic expressions to conceptual structures. Different from traditional ideas of semantics, which claim that meaning has nothing to do with perception, cognitive semantics holds the idea that meanings are perceptually grounded. Language phenomenon-fictive motion exists in universal languages. Its linguistic representation depicts factively stationary objects as having physical motion. Research on such special language representation is beneficial for discovering human’s cognitive rules toward the outside world, and is also helpful to uncover the veil of relations among the physical world, human’s cognitive abilities and the human languages. This paper is attempting to view the idea “meaning equates conceptualization” within cognitive semantics from a new angle. Under the perspective of Conceptual Blending Theory, the linguistic representation of fictive motion gives a strong evidence that the referents of language are mental constructions. The idea Meaning is conceptualization can be better understood through the exploration of fictive motion.

Resource semantics

The Logic of Bunched Implications (BI) was introduced by O'Hearn and Pym. The original presentation of BI emphasised its role as a system for formal logic (broadly in the tradition of relevant logic) that has some interesting properties, combining a clean proof theory, including a categorical interpretation, with a simple truth-functional semantics. BI quickly found significant applications in program verification and program analysis, chiefly through a specific theory of BI that is commonly known as 'Separation Logic'. We survey the state of work in bunched logics - which, by now, is a quite large family of systems, including modal and epistemic logics and logics for layered graphs - in such a way as to organize the ideas into a coherent (semantic) picture with a strong interpretation in terms of resources. One such picture can be seen as deriving from an interpretation of BI's semantics in terms of resources, and this view provides a basis for a systematic interpretation of the family of bunched logics, including modal, epistemic, layered graph, and process-theoretic variants, in terms of resources. We explain the basic ideas of resource semantics, including comparisons with Linear Logic and ideas from economics and physics. We include discussions of BI's λ-calculus, of Separation Logic, and of an approach to distributed systems modelling based on resource semantics.

Differential Study of Deep Network Based Image Retrieval Methods

Learning successful component portrayals and likeness measures are essential to the recovery execution of a substance based image recovery (CBIR) framework. In spite of broad research endeavors for quite a long time, it stays one of the most testing open issues that extensively thwarts the accomplishments of genuine world CBIR frameworks. The key test has been ascribed to the outstanding “semantic hole” issue that exists between low-level image pixels caught by machines and elevated level semantic ideas saw by a human. Among different methods, AI has been effectively examined as a conceivable course to connect the semantic hole in the long haul. Propelled by late triumphs of profound learning strategies for PC vision and different applications, in this paper, we endeavor to address an open issue: if profound learning is a desire for spanning the semantic hole in CBIR and how much upgrades in CBIR undertakings can be accomplished by investigating the cutting edge profound learning procedures for learning highlight portrayals and comparability measures. In particular, we research a structure of profound learning with application to CBIR assignments with a broad arrangement of exact investigations by inspecting cutting edge profound learning strategies for CBIR undertakings under shifted settings. From our experimental investigations, we locate some promising outcomes and abridge some significant bits of knowledge for future research.

Языковые шкалы: направления современных исследований

The aim of this article consists in reviewing the basic areas of studying language scales in pragmatics; several prospects of their investigation are discussed. Presently, language scales are the object of intensive research in semantics and pragmatics, from linguistic, logical, psycholinguistic, and neuro-linguistic perspectives. We are interested mainly in pragmatics (although the area of semantics is also considered) and concentrate on linguistic rather than logical, psycholinguistic, or neuro-linguistic aspects. The article continues the series of publications intending to review and systematize pragmatic investigation in basic topical areas. An interest in studying linguistic scales in pragmatics has increased primarily due to the works of H. P. Grice, L. Horn, G. Gazdar, and S. Levinson. An important class of general pragmatic principles of communication was introduced by H. P. Grice and then was elaborated on greater detail in neo-gricean pragmatics. This class of principles specifies quantity characteristics of communication, and can be defined in terms of scales. Language scales give rise to a special class of implicatures called “scalar implicatures”. In many cases, it is necessary for a speaker to choose some position on a scale. Scalar implicature appears as a result of this choice. Each position potentially generates a certain set of implications. This pragmatic phenomenon is intensively studied in linguistics, logic, and experimental investigations. The literature in the area is ample; the article draws only a general picture of the area. The article proposes: 1) to elicit a system of potential language scales for a concrete language; 2) to consider individual / situational scales; 3) to consider dynamics of scales in speech (in accordance with basic ideas of dynamic semantics). The proposed areas of practical application are the following: stylistic analysis and studying an author’s style, modelling of reasoning and communication (particularly in dialogue systems), constructing formal ontologies of different subject areas.

Automated parameter tuning in one-class support vector machine: an application for damage detection

Machine learning algorithms have been employed extensively in the area of structural health monitoring to compare new measurements with baselines to detect any structural change. One-class support vector machine (OCSVM) with Gaussian kernel function is a promising machine learning method which can learn only from one-class data and then classify any new query samples. However, generalization performance of OCSVM is profoundly influenced by its Gaussian model parameter $$\sigma $$ . This paper proposes a new algorithm named appropriate distance to the enclosing surface (ADES) for tuning the Gaussian model parameter. The semantic idea of this algorithm is based on inspecting the spatial locations of the edge and interior samples, and their distances to the enclosing surface of OCSVM. The algorithm selects the optimal value of $$\sigma $$ which generates a hyperplane that is maximally distant from the interior samples but close to the edge samples. The sets of interior and edge samples are identified using a hard margin linear support vector machine. The algorithm was successfully validated using sensing data collected from the Sydney Harbour Bridge and vehicle-mounted sensors for damage detection, in addition to five public data sets. The results obtained by ADES are compared to those of variance–mean, maximum distance and MIES methods. The results of the ADES approach outperform these state-of-the-art methods, especially on the bridge and road data sets. Experiments on these data sets show that an average 3% better accuracy is achieved by ADES over these state-of-the-art methods. The designed ADES algorithm is an appropriate choice to identify the optimal value of $$\sigma $$ for OCSVM, especially in high-dimensional data sets.

Incompleteness of Intuitionistic Propositional Logic with Respect to Proof-Theoretic Semantics

Prawitz proposed certain notions of proof-theoretic validity and conjectured that intuitionistic logic is complete for them [11, 12]. Considering propositional logic, we present a general framework of five abstract conditions which any proof-theoretic semantics should obey. Then we formulate several more specific conditions under which the intuitionistic propositional calculus (IPC) turns out to be semantically incomplete. Here a crucial role is played by the generalized disjunction principle. Turning to concrete semantics, we show that prominent proposals, including Prawitz’s, satisfy at least one of these conditions, thus rendering IPC semantically incomplete for them. Only for Goldfarb’s [1] proof-theoretic semantics, which deviates from standard approaches, IPC turns out to be complete. Overall, these results show that basic ideas of proof-theoretic semantics for propositional logic are not captured by IPC.

РОЛЬ СОВРЕМЕННОГО АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ПРАВОСОЗНАНИЯ

The article analyzes the category of "legal consciousness" and studies the influence of the system of administrative legislation on the formation of a developed legal consciousness in Russia. Describing the content of legal consciousness, the authors note that a developed legal consciousness is embodied not only in the outwardly legitimate behavior of members of society, but in the behavior based on awareness of the importance and necessity of law, belief in its justice and value. The authors point out the division of legal consciousness into types based on semantic ideas, and speak about the existence of four main types of legal consciousness: constitutional, administrative, criminal and civil. At the same time, administrative legal consciousness embodies the basic ideas, beliefs, values, goals, concepts related to public administration, the activities of the executive branch and the relevant state bodies (their officials), the sphere of law enforcement, as well as the implementation of administrative proceedings. The authors emphasize that for the formation of a developed positive administrative legal consciousness, such characteristics of administrative legislation as systemic, stability, efficiency, consistency and consistency of legal norms, as well as the subsequent uniformity of enforcement, are important. A number of system-forming problems that hinder the formation of a developed positive legal consciousness are highlighted. First, it is the situational and instability of administrative legislation in general and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in particular. Secondly, the personal responsibility of subjects of administrative and legal relations for the state of law and order in the state. Thirdly, the abundance of administrative regulations that shift the emphasis on technical and not the substantive component of the process of application of the law. Fourth, the imbalance of interests of the individual and the state. In this regard, the article suggests some directions for the development and systematization of administrative legislation

Personal world as an ontophenomenal reality (to the categorical analysis of Heorhiy Ball) http://pis.tneu.edu.ua/index.php/enpis/article/view/963

The basic approaches to the research of the category and universals “world” that holds semantic idea about comprehension by human foundations and regularities of the organization of the surrounding reality are substantiated. A holistic worldview picture of reality is revealed in the dialectical unity of the subject-object and subject-subject interaction as the perfect form of the filling the subject meaning of fundamental properties of being. Personal world, comprehended from the vertices of philosophical-psychological reflection, appears as a conceptual model of multidimensional reflection-creation by the subject the life activity of reality, and at the same time ontophenomenal locus that combines comprehended and realized by it in the existential space as a hypostasis of human existentialization. Integrative-personal approach of H.O. Ball in the interpretation of the world within the human substantive integrity determines the boundless horizons of self-creation as a personality and individuality in the whirlwind of spiritualized self-cherishing and co-vital self-realization.