Semantic Differential Research Articles

Satisfacción de clientes con el servicio de instituciones educativas del sector privado, ubicadas en la Ciudad de Xalapa-Enríquez, México

La educación es considerada como un servicio, por lo que toda institución educativa sabe de la importancia de sus clientes y reconoce a la calidad en el servicio y la satisfacción de sus clientes como un factor importante para mantenerse en el actual mercado competitivo. Sin embargo, es importante identificar qué dimensiones y variables de una institución educativa satisfacen las necesidades de los clientes. Por esta razón, el objetivo de la investigación fue identificar las dimensiones y variables que contribuyen en la satisfacción de clientes directos (estudiante) e indirectos (padres) de instituciones educativas privadas, en nivel inicial, preescolar, primaria, secundaria, medio superior, superior y capacitación para el trabajo. El método Delphi se utilizó para el diseño y validación del instrumento, el cual quedó conformado por 22 ítems en escala diferencial semántico con valores de 1 a 7 y seis dimensiones: infraestructura, personal docente, servicio administrativo, ambiente, resultados y satisfacción. Para determinar el tamaño de muestra se aplicó un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato (niveles y escuelas), la muestra fue de 83 escuelas ubicadas en la ciudad de Xalapa-Enríquez, México y 354 clientes. Con un modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales se encontró que, a excepción de la infraestructura, las cuatro dimensiones restantes mostraron una influencia positiva en la satisfacción, es decir, se encontró un modelo de satisfacción en el que se distinguió el aporte de las dimensiones y de las variables medidas dentro de cada dimensión, sobre la satisfacción de los clientes

PENGARUH PERCEIVED OF BENEFIT TERHADAP NIAT UNTUK MENGGUNAKAN LAYANAN DOMPET DIGITAL DI KALANGAN MILENIAL

AbstractThis study aims to (1) To explain how the influence of perceived of benefit on intention to use e-wallet. (2) To explain how the influence between intention to use on e-wallet behavior. This type of research is an explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The variables of this study include Perceived Benefits, Intention to use and behavior use. The population in this study are Millennials with age range 17-23 years and have used e-wallet. Samples used in this study were 116 respondents taken using purposive sampling techniques and data collection methods using survey and questionnaire methods. Data were collected using a purposive sampling technique and with questionnaire and measurement instruments using a semantic differential scale. The path analysis approach is processed by structural model equations using Lisrel 8.7. The results showed that the perceived benefit had a significant effect on Intention to use e-wallet and Beheading use e-wallet. This study concludes that the benefit factor in using e-wallet to millennials remains a consideration decision.Keywords: e-wallet, Perceived Benefit, Intention To use, Behaviour use

The Preservation of Malaysian Identity in Jewelry Design through Semantic Differential Scale in Teaching and Learning Process

The Preservation of Malaysian Identity in Jewelry Design through Semantic Differential Scale in Teaching and Learning Process

Relaxing Effect Induced by Forest Sound in Patients with Gambling Disorder

The number of people addicted to gambling has increased worldwide. They often suffer from debilitating medical conditions associated with stress or depression. This study examined the physiological and psychological reactions of gambling disorder (GD) patients while listening to high-definition forest or city sounds using headphones. In total, 12 Japanese male GD patients were exposed to high-definition forest or city sound waves for 1 min via headphones. Near-infrared spectroscopy of the prefrontal cortex was used to examine oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations. Heart rate and heart rate variability are indicators of autonomic nervous function. We performed subjective evaluation via the modified version of the semantic differential (SD) method with the profiles of the mood states (POMS). Experiencing forest sounds led to substantial differences as opposed to listening to city sounds: (1) oxy-Hb levels of the bilateral prefrontal cortices were lower (2) the modified SD method resulted in increased comfortable and relaxed feelings, (3) the negative POMS subscale scores were significantly lower, indicating that negative emotions diminished markedly when patients listened to forest sounds. This is the first study to show that sounds of forest relaxed individuals physiologically and psychologically to minimize GD.

The Effectiveness of an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in Learning Skull Anatomy at a Community College.

Despite an increase in the use of technology in undergraduate anatomy education, and the rising popularity of online anatomy courses at community colleges in the United States, there have been no reports on the efficacy of augmented reality on anatomy education in this population. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that augmented reality is an effective and engaging tool for learning anatomy in community college students. Participants recruited from Cuyahoga Community College (Cleveland, OH) studied skull anatomy using either traditional tools (i.e., textbook and plastic skull model) or an augmented reality head-mounted display with an interactive virtual skull application. Comparison of knowledge before and following the study period revealed that augmented reality was an effective tool for learning skull anatomy: pre-quiz=32.7% (± 25.2); mean (± SD), post-quiz=61.8% (± 19.5); n=15; t(28) = 3.53; P=0.001. The traditional tools were equally effective: pre-quiz=44.9 % (± 18.6), post-quiz=67.9 % (± 17.3); n=17; t(32) = 3.73; P=0.0007. Students rated the augmented reality device as 9.6 (± 1.0); mean (± SD) when asked if it fit the statement "fun to use" on a semantic differential scale from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent). In conclusion, this study found that augmented reality is an effective and engaging tool for the instruction of skull anatomy at a community college.

An exploratory study of student, speech–language pathologist and emergency worker impressions of speakers with dysarthria

Purpose To explore the influence of listener profession on impressions of speakers with dysarthria with varying intelligibility using semantic differential scales. M ethod: Three listener groups (undergraduate students, emergency workers, speech–language pathologists (SLPs); n = 38) rated non-speech attributes of six adults with dysarthria that ranged from low to high speech intelligibility. Participants rated 22 bipolar adjective pairs and listening effort on visual analogue scales. Following factor analysis of the semantic differential scales, listener impression and effort ratings were compared across listening groups and speaker intelligibility. Result Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that neither impressions nor effort ratings differed across listener groups. However, impressions significantly decreased and listening effort significantly increased with reduced intelligibility. Analysis of the semantic differential scale items revealed two factors (Capability, Personality) that predicted 52% of the variance. Listener impressions were significantly higher for Personality than Capability. C onclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that speakers with dysarthria with reduced intelligibility are at risk to be negatively judged, particularly on their physical and mental capability. This study demonstrates the promise of employing semantic differential scales to investigate listener impressions and therefore the daily communication experiences of speakers with dysarthria. SLPs should consider patient experience of negative impressions when designing treatment.

Comparing Semantic Differential Methods in Affective Engineering Processes: A Case Study on Vehicle Instrument Panels

When developing a user-oriented product, it is crucial to consider users’ affective needs. Various semantic differential (SD) methods have been used to identify affect regarding materials, and this is the most important property in products. This study aims to determine which of the three conventional SD methods (absolute evaluation 1 [AE 1], absolute evaluation 2 [AE 2], or relative evaluation [RE]) is most effective for affective evaluation. Affective evaluation was performed for vehicle instrument panels by each of these three SD methods. Two quantitative analysis methods (correlation analysis and repeated-measures ANOVA) were used to examine the performance (sample distinguishability) of each evaluation method, and it was found that both AE 2 and RE produced better results than AE 1. The correlation coefficients and p-values in correlation analysis were slightly better for RE than for AE 2. In conclusion, an affective evaluation produced better results when pairwise samples (especially one sample pair) were presented, indicating that maintaining distinct samples is very important. The clearer the difference in comparison targets is, the more accurate the evaluation results.

The Fairytale Semantic Differential Technique: A Cross-Cultural Application.

The “Fairytale Semantic Differential” method, in which the respondent assesses several fairytale characters according to a set of personal characteristics, is designed for individual psychological work with children 4–10 years old. Personality characteristics, according to which the characters are evaluated, are formulated in terms understandable to child respondents, i.e., these are words that parents and teachers use when dealing with children of this age. An analysis of the child’s attitude to a certain fairytale character makes it possible to determine the individual properties of his/her moral value sphere. Quantitative indicators that can be calculated on the basis of the data collected by the questionnaire are discussed. These indicators characterize the child’s personality, his/her understanding of interpersonal relationships, the dimensionality of the categorial space of interpersonal perception, the content of these categories and its hierarchy, the level of cognitive development in this domain, and the degree of socialization. The results of an empirical study that was conducted in Moscow, Baku, and Tashkent are presented. Age and sex differences were found in the cognitive complexity of interpersonal perception and socialization. Also, an example of individual semantic space is presented.

Shame, self-discrepancies, and adjustment after acquired brain injury

ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the relationship between shame and self-discrepancies and the extent that these factors predict adjustment after an acquired brain injury (ABI). Method 62 participants with an ABI completed the following self-report qualitative questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Quality of Life after Brain Injury Scale, the Internalized Shame Scale, and the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale – III. Data was analyzed using correlations, repeated ANOVA, and multiple regression models. Results A significant self-discrepancy was found between the present self and the pre-injury self, with the present self-being rated more negatively. This self-discrepancy was found to be positively correlated to shame, and these two variables were found to predict adjustment (emotional distress and quality of life). Conclusions Shame and self-discrepancies both appear to play a crucial role in adjustment following an ABI. However, the relationship between shame and self-discrepancies needs more consideration to understand how these variables may interact to predict adjustment.

Integrating Green AffectiveValues and Material Selection in Automotive Design: A Preliminary Study

This paper presents a study on the integrating consumer’s green affective values and material selection in the context of product design, specifically in the automotive design. Green affective values are important element in the design to understand user’s emotion, need and preferences toward the green products. It is extremely important to understand user’s feeling on product to avoid potential market failure. The first impression on product is captivated by the use of materials. It is pointed out that intangible issues such as perceptions and intentions of the designer should take a role in the materials selection activity in product design. However, study on the linkage between green affective values and material selection are rarely found in the literature. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to identify the significant green affective values of the consumers in Malaysia and propose a guideline for automotive designers to incorporate affective values into conceptual design and investigate its linkage on material selection. The guideline includes a technology used to translate the consumer’s eco-feeling and impression of a particular component design with appropriate material selection, in this case is on car steering wheel design. Three surveys were conducted to obtain consumer’s understanding on affective values and the feelings elicited when presented with visual stimuli of the material. Semantic differential scale and factor analysis were used to analyze the results. The responses obtained from the surveys were used to develop an eco-tool, which translates user’s feelings and emotions into material properties and linking them to certain materials they perceived as “greener”. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and fuzzy logic were used in developing the material scorecard with regards to environmental profile of design model. The eco-tool was validated by product design experts to understand the usefulness and operability of the guideline. It was found that the tool is easy to navigate and having great potential to help designers on integrating green affective value in design with inclusion of technical aspect and cost into the tool.

The Impact of Multi-functionality in Promoting the Aesthetic Values of Modern Islamic Architecture

Relationship between function and aesthetic has been occupied researchers, philosophers, artists and architects considerably to define meanings and to show significance degree of mutual influences. This analytical research investigates – How multi-functionality improve aesthetic values of architectural forms in contemporary Islamic architecture. We have defined procedurally the concept of multi-functionality as a potential forces of generative centers and aesthetic as geometrical coherence of architectural form. The absence of clear relations between multi-functionality and how it can be used to improve aesthetic values formed a basic research problem. The main target of this research is to determine how designers can enhancing aesthetic values of forms by using different functions. We suppose that multi-functionality improve the aesthetic values of the architectural form by strengthening geometrical coherence. We selected Five projects of contemporary Islamic centers and sample of 20 person’s. Semantic differential scale was used to analyze variables. The research found that multi-functionality has a great role in supporting the aesthetic values of architectural form by defining physical characters, Identifying and intensifying its visual and physical connections.

The Effectiveness of Using Teaching English for Young Learner (TEYL) Module for Pre-service Teacher Based on Teacher Training Approach

Teaching English for young learner by the pre-service teacher of PGMI Study Program at IAIN Bone have its challenge. One of the challenges faced by teachers is the use of learning modules that are appropriate and in accordance with the needs of students. This research is focused on the effectiveness of teaching English for Young learner (TEYL) Module based on teacher training approach. The research applied quantitative research by using rubric of students’ achievement in collecting data. The subject in this research is 25 students in PGMI Study Program. In evaluating the students’ achievement, the researchers use semantic differential scales. The result of the research shows that the students score that categorized good; (82.42).It mean that using the TEYL module is satisfying to be implemented in the class. Therefore,It can stated that the module is effective to use in teaching English for Young Learner (TEYL) in PGMI Study Program IAIN Bone.

4407 Adapting CAPABLE as CAPABLE-FAMILY for the caregiver-care recipient dyad with Alzheimer’s dementia

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this 4-phase exploratory study is to create a human-centered protocol for a new program, CAPABLE-FAMILY, to address older adults with physical disability and dementia and their caregivers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Szanton-Gill Resilience Model, Verbrugge & Jett Disablement, and Life Span Theory of Control are theoretical frameworks guiding this study. Phase 1. Using qualitative research (n = 10 dyads) methods (ex. Photovoice) we seek to understand the context for older adults with dementia regarding disability. Phase 2. Using synthesis/ideation (n = 10 dyads) tools (ex. Journey Maps) we will synthesize the qualitative research during group ideation sessions with stakeholders. Phase 3. Using prototype testing (n = 3 dyads) methods (ex. Semantic Differentials, Storyboards), we will build the most promising prototypes. Phase 4. Using an open-label pilot (n = 3 dyads), we will test the interventions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We will assess disability (ADL, IADL), environmental changes pain, depression, polypharmacy, provider communication needs, and caregiver burden. We will interview the dyads and multiple CAPABLE Registered Nurses (RN), Occupational Therapists (OT), and Handymen (HM) about their prior experiences and perceptions of the pilot. CFQ, MocA, pain (BPI), and ZBI will be measured pre/post RN, OT, HM visit. While there are evidence-based programs to separately address cognitive impairment and physical disability, we anticipate this is the first study to develop a community-based goal-directed, human-centered approach for the maintenance of physical function for persons with dementia in the home. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Persons with more cognitive impairment did not improve as much as those with less cognitive impairment in the original CAPABLE study, an evidenced based program which reduced disability. This suggests the need to adapt CAPABLE to reduce the burden of disability in persons with Alzheimer’s dementia. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: None

Citizen Journalism and Public Cynicism toward Police in the USA

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the source of media imagery on participant cynicism toward the police and explore the relationship between media source and the severity of sanctions imposed on police as a result of the portrayed actions. Participants (N = 93) completed a semantic differential scale measuring participants’ attitudes toward members of various occupations followed by a survey to measure baseline cynicism. Then, participants viewed a video of police behavior which was manipulated according to media source and completed a second cynicism measure and demographic survey. Participants were then asked whether to impose a sanction on the police officers. Results indicated that there were no differences in cynicism between groups prior to viewing the video; however, there were statistically significant differences in cynicism between groups after exposure to Citizen Video Journalism (CVJ) from different media sources revealing that cynicism was greater with the group that viewed CVJ from the social media source than from the broadcast media source. Furthermore, results indicated statistical significance between groups and severity of sanctions imposed on police after CVJ video exposure.

Development of measurement instrument for visual qualities of graphical user interface elements (VISQUAL): a test in the context of mobile game icons

Graphical user interfaces are widely common and present in everyday human–computer interaction, dominantly in computers and smartphones. Today, various actions are performed via graphical user interface elements, e.g., windows, menus and icons. An attractive user interface that adapts to user needs and preferences is progressively important as it often allows personalized information processing that facilitates interaction. However, practitioners and scholars have lacked an instrument for measuring user perception of aesthetics within graphical user interface elements to aid in creating successful graphical assets. Therefore, we studied dimensionality of ratings of different perceived aesthetic qualities in GUI elements as the foundation for the measurement instrument. First, we devised a semantic differential scale of 22 adjective pairs by combining prior scattered measures. We then conducted a vignette experiment with random participant (n = 569) assignment to evaluate 4 icons from a total of pre-selected 68 game app icons across 4 categories (concrete, abstract, character and text) using the semantic scales. This resulted in a total of 2276 individual icon evaluations. Through exploratory factor analyses, the observations converged into 5 dimensions of perceived visual quality: Excellence/Inferiority, Graciousness/Harshness, Idleness/Liveliness, Normalness/Bizarreness and Complexity/Simplicity. We then proceeded to conduct confirmatory factor analyses to test the model fit of the 5-factor model with all 22 adjective pairs as well as with an adjusted version of 15 adjective pairs. Overall, this study developed, validated, and consequently presents a measurement instrument for perceptions of visual qualities of graphical user interfaces and/or singular interface elements (VISQUAL) that can be used in multiple ways in several contexts related to visual human-computer interaction, interfaces and their adaption.

Como la báscula y el espejo influyen en actitudes hacia una figura obesa

The current study evaluates anti-fat attitudes (AFA) relative to BMI, and whether these can be influenced via seeing oneself in a mirror or by weighing oneself. 134 female students assigned to four conditions: mirror; scale; scale and mirror; and control, had their BMI, appearance self-esteem, and AFA measured. To assess AFA a 12-item semantic differential was applied with an obese and average-weight image. Results showed that participants evaluated average-weight image as more beautiful, younger, happier, more responsible, more agile, harder-working, healthier, stronger, friendlier, more familiar, and yet more unfaithful relative to obese images. AFA was not related to BMI. Scale condition evoked the most AFA, while seeing oneself in a mirror resulted in the highest appearance self-esteem scores. Studies suggest that those without eating disorders who look in the mirror focus on positive body parts. Stepping on the scale seemed to make the issue of body-weight salient and accessible resulting in more elaborate and critical assessment of the obese image.

How useful is each item in the Sport Spectator Identification Scale?: an item response theory analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of each item in the Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) (Wann and Branscombe, 1993) using the item response theory (IRT) and to provide evidence for modifications in the scale.Design/methodology/approachA total of 635 spectators of US professional sports responded to the seven-item SSIS on an eight-point semantic differential scale. The general partial credit model was fitted to the data.FindingsThe results revealed that four items (Items 1, 2, 3 and 5) provide a relatively high amount of information, whereas three items (Items 4, 6 and 7) provide a low amount of information, indicating different levels of measurement precision among the items. Furthermore, the results showed that some low-level response options were rarely selected by participants, indicating that it may not be necessary to include response options as many as eight within each item.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies examining the psychometric properties of the SSIS as a whole, the present study provides information about the usefulness of each item of the SSIS in measuring individuals' team identification. Based on the findings, the authors identified some issues with the three problematic items, including the wording of the items and the link between the question and the target construct. The authors make several suggestions for researchers and practitioners in improving individual item quality and in making informed decisions when using the SSIS in the future.

Investigating individual trajectories in experiencing boredom in the language classroom: The case of 11 Polish students of English

Although boredom can be regarded as a ubiquitous emotion in most educational settings, including foreign and second language classrooms, and this condition can have a detrimental effect on the process of learning, it has to a large extent escaped the attention of second language acquisition researchers dealing with individual learner differences. The study reported in this article sought to fill this gap by investigating the trajectories of boredom exhibited in a practical English class by 11 Polish university students majoring in English. The data were collected by means of a background questionnaire, the Boredom in Practical English Language Classes Questionnaire (BPELC), and an in-class boredom questionnaire, including a self-report boredom grid, an open-ended query and an evaluation of the class based on a semantic differential scale. It was found that general proneness to experience boredom in practical English classes translated into distinct patterns of boredom in the class in question. At the same time, it turned out that the individual trajectories in experiencing boredom often deviated from the general patterns, being shaped by unpredictable constellations of individual and contextual factors.

Using Brain Science Theory to Analyze the Unity between Language Input and Output: Methodology Improvement Substantiation

Introduction. Based on the brain science theory of “how people learn” and in order to modernize the methodology of psycholinguistic research, this research used documentary analysis and addressed the standpoint that the 4MAT Teaching and Learning Model can be subsumed into or superimposed on the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Evaluation Model, and vice versa. Meanwhile, the phase of language input and output is analyzed on the basis of the two Models above. In the end, some implications arise so as to provide reference for prospective researchers and practitioners in psycholinguistics.
 The aim of the study. The 4MAT Teaching and Learning Model and the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Evaluation Model are both widely applied, so a deliberate literature review to clarify the integration and the unity between them is conducted that expects to make some theoretical references inspired by the unity available to a wide range of linguistic teaching design and learning performance evaluation.
 The authors argue that the references interconnect teaching design and learning performance evaluation in light of language input and output and therefore help linguistic teachers/trainers with a whole and valid scheme at the very beginning of student learning, and this is the unity that also corresponds to Kirkpatrick & Kirkpatrick’s standpoint: “The end is the beginning”.
 Research methods. The study was conducted using the semantic differential scaling and the method of documentary analysis.
 Results. A combination of brain science theory and Fractal Information Theory has verified initially how the 4MAT Teaching and Learning Model and the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Evaluation Model subsume and superimpose in terms of the theoretical framework, i.e., the unity between a teaching theory and a learning performance evaluation theory. Such integration not only originates from the inherent unity verified by a thoughtful literature review but also receives theoretical support from interdisciplinary studies. Meanwhile, this integration is intertwined with language input and output in a psycholinguistic/neurolinguistic manner.
 Conclusions. A primary investigation using brain science theory and other theories to analyze the integration between the 4MAT Teaching and Learning Model and the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Evaluation Model shows the unity between both models. This investigation led to achieving the purpose of the study: modernizing the methodology of psycholinguistic research. With implementing the components/stages of language input and output as this article proposed, it is expected to be promising in extending and applying both models theoretically and practically in linguistics and other relevant areas in the future. As it comes to studies, it is recommended that the two Models be connected to analyze more teaching models and/or learning performance evaluation models for unity, inquire performance evaluation in collaborations with scenarios in practice, or even associate other disciplines under the implementation of Fractal Information Theory. A possible suggestion for psycholinguistic researchers is to design curricular and lessons based on the Unified Models (Figure 1 & 2) proposed in this study and evaluate instructional efficacy and student learning performance. Another potential research direction is to use each quadrant of the Unified Models and analyze related components in more specific language input and output phases: listening, reading, speaking, writing, and even smaller components in the four types of language skills. As it comes to practice, especially in psycholinguistics and/or other relevant disciplines, the key to apply the two target Models simultaneously depends on how to regulate respective quadrants/levels pro rata as well as the wholeness between them to simultaneously achieve “dynamic equilibrium” in the 4MAT Teaching and Learning Model and “The end is the beginning” in the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Evaluation Model.

Listener Perceptions of Women With Voice Disorders: Vocal Stereotyping and Negative Personality Attribution

The purpose of the study was to determine if the age and amount of background knowledge of listeners affects perceptual judgments of women with voice disorders. Forty participants in three different age groups (children, young adults, and older adults) rated five female voice samples representing various types of dysphonia. One group of young adults had background knowledge of voice disorders based on a graduate-level course in Voice Disorders. A semantic differential scale was used to rate the speakers on 24 attributes. Results indicated that age of listeners was not a significant factor, and that listeners' ratings depended on the specific type of dysphonia. No significant differences emerged between the perceptions of individuals with and without background knowledge of voice disorders. This study agrees with the findings of similar research showing that listeners judge speakers with voice disorders more negatively than they do those with normal voices. This is so regardless of the age and background knowledge of the listener.