Abstract
When developing a user-oriented product, it is crucial to consider users’ affective needs. Various semantic differential (SD) methods have been used to identify affect regarding materials, and this is the most important property in products. This study aims to determine which of the three conventional SD methods (absolute evaluation 1 [AE 1], absolute evaluation 2 [AE 2], or relative evaluation [RE]) is most effective for affective evaluation. Affective evaluation was performed for vehicle instrument panels by each of these three SD methods. Two quantitative analysis methods (correlation analysis and repeated-measures ANOVA) were used to examine the performance (sample distinguishability) of each evaluation method, and it was found that both AE 2 and RE produced better results than AE 1. The correlation coefficients and p-values in correlation analysis were slightly better for RE than for AE 2. In conclusion, an affective evaluation produced better results when pairwise samples (especially one sample pair) were presented, indicating that maintaining distinct samples is very important. The clearer the difference in comparison targets is, the more accurate the evaluation results.
Highlights
When developing products, the materials, along with shape, size, and other properties, are considered the greatest factors in formation of the overall impression of the product [1]
Three semantic pairs had a significant correlation with design parameters in absolute evaluation (AE) 1
In absolute evaluation type 2 (AE 2), four semantic pairs had a significant correlation with design parameters
Summary
The materials, along with shape, size, and other properties, are considered the greatest factors in formation of the overall impression of the product [1]. A product’s materials can produce substantial sensory data that encode their own properties of texture, hardness, temperature, and weight [2]. These design variables determine users’ affect regarding the product, with the result that sensory triggered attractiveness and the expectation of improved feeling increasingly encourage consumers to buy [3]. It is, necessary to develop a material that best reflects the physical characteristics and makes a good impression. Users’ complex affects caused by the physical stimuli of a product can be quantitatively identified and adjusted to make products more affect-friendly [6]
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