Selling In Market Research Articles

Design and Experiment of Remote Communication System Base on GPS/GPRS Technology

This article mainly describes Remote communication system Base on GPS/GPRS technology in construction machinery, and focus on introducing the technology of data transportation between machine ECU with GPS terminal and remote control machine via RS232 serial communication circuit. In this way it provides monitoring machine online and prevents GPS terminal from removed in Construction machinery. Currently many machinery suppliers have adopted finance lease to push selling in domestic market, In order to secure selling from financial risk and guarantee monitoring machine running information, GPS/GPRS technology integrated in Construction machinery becomes one of the essential marketing measures.

A microwave reflectometer technique for classifying a rubber cup lump

Rubber cup lumps, the product from rubber trees (which is a global economic plant), are usually graded by human inspectors for two classes, wet or dry, for selling in a rubber yard market. Grading rubber cup lumps using human inspection is unreliable and doubtful for the rubber sellers. In this paper, we, therefore, propose a technique to classify rubber cup lumps using a microwave reflectometer operating at 2.45 GHz which is more robust and reliable. Since the moisture content in a rubber cup lump is related to the magnitude of the reflected microwave from the cup lump, automatic classifying based on the reflection coefficient is proposed. A probe sensor based on a circular waveguide was designed and implemented. The sensor is optimum for rubber cup lump sizes of 500–1500 cm3. A classification algorithm was developed with the magnitude function of the reflection coefficients formulated by measuring 100 samples of the two classes of rubber. To validate the algorithm and the sensor, 300 rubber cup lumps were tested and the proposed technique achieved 88.67% overall accuracy.

Short-selling Activity and Return Predictability: Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

ABSTRACT We examine the informativeness of short selling in the Chinese stock market based on monthly and daily short-interest data from January 2011 to July 2018. We find that short selling negatively predicts future stock returns in China. The pattern is robust when controlling for firm size, book-to-market ratio, and liquidity. A long-short strategy using a short-interest ratio (SIR)—shares shorted to shares outstanding—generates a 0.865% monthly return. We also document that return predictability is stronger when short selling is restricted. Meanwhile, we examine the information content of short-selling activity, and we confirm that the significant negative relationship between preannouncement short activity and post-announcement period returns.

Multichannel selling – the key to success in retail

Theoretical background : The rapid technological development of the past decade has exerted a major influence on consumer behaviours and created new ways of reaching customers. The contemporary consumer freely switches between brick-and-mortar, online and mobile sales channels, expecting that a product will be available any time, any place. Such behaviours pose a serious challenge to retail enterprises, in particular in the context of integrating offlne and online sales channels. Purpose of the article : This paper aims to determine the extent to which contemporary enterprises need to implement multichannel strategies to ensure access to goods and services in order to satisfy the increasing expectations of purchasers and gain advantage in the highly competitive market. A broader thread of the discussions concerns the transformation of the so-called business models taking place in the present retail sector in Poland and across the globe. Research methods : The problem discussed in this paper required a review of the relevant international literature at the initial stage in order to determine the results of theoretical and empirical research on the development of multichannel selling in the retail market in light of changing consumer purchasing preferences. The following available bases were used: ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, Emerald and SAGE Journals, as well as online research of market reports and statistical studies, which contributed to the analysis of the transformations occurring in the retail sector. Main findings : This paper indicates two major marketing consequences for the enterprises applying multiple channels in gaining access to goods and services. In order to rise to market challenges, retail enterprises must not only employ the multichannel selling strategy but also ensure its integrity. In the face of such challenges, a new approach in creating unique values and solutions in the areas of logistics, distribution, promotion and pricing policy is required. Online sale channels pose a challenge to retail enterprises, in particular as regards delivering identical experiences and a consistent offer to the consumer.

Consumer Trust in Internet Marketing and Direct Selling in China

This research aims to examine and contrast trust in consumer-salesperson/organization relationships in direct selling and Internet (online) marketing in China, a large and fast-growing market for both approaches in B2C marketing. A personal interview survey involving two different measures of trust (i.e., cognitive trust and organization trust) was conducted. Two sample groups were obtained independently from southern and northern cities in China. For cognitive trust, there is a significant difference between the two shopping approaches (Internet marketing vs. direct selling), with the value of trust generally being greater for direct selling. In contrast, for organization trust, the value is greater for Internet marketing. However, the overall results show that neither the measure of cognitive trust nor the measure of organization trust is a good predictor of consumer behavior. Managerial implications and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.

Does Short Selling Increase Speculation? Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

Using difference-in-differences method, this paper examines the effect of the introduction of short selling in the Chinese stock market on the speculative trading of underlying stocks and makes a further exploration of the cause from the perspective of the changes in shareholder structure. It is found that speculative trading of underlying stocks is significantly decreased after short selling is introduced, and the speculation of stocks with low market value and low idiosyncratic volatility is increased more than those with high market value and high idiosyncratic volatility. Leaving the short selling markets of some small and institutional investors, who prefer to speculative trading, are able to partially and well explain these study results.

Short Selling, Trading Activity and Volatility in Corporate Bond Market

We investigate the impact of short selling activity on trading activity and price volatility in the U.S corporate bond market. Consistent with prior literature, we find that investors use short selling as a platform to express their difference of opinions. In addition, we find that the positive relation between short selling activity and price volatility becomes weaker during period when investors’ expectations tend to be more homogenous such as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). More importantly, we show that short selling in the corporate bond market is not simply a substitute to equity short selling and option trading for investors to trade negative news and information against the underlying company. On the contrary, it is an independent conduit for investors to express difference of opinions specific to bond.

Exploratory Analysis of the Productivity of Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua) Orchards Conducted under Dry-Farming Conditions

In Southern Portugal (Algarve), the occurrence of extreme climatic events has become more limiting to agriculture and forestry productivity. Severe or moderate drought during spring, summer, and autumn is common, with major implications on yield, farmers income, and on a long-term basis, land use. Facing this scenario, farmers rely on certain crops in order to obtain a complementary revenue, as an alternative to more intensive and high-demanding farming. One of these crops is carob tree, a multipurpose and industrial fruit tree species very well adapted to dry-farming conditions and very important to the sustainability of these fragile agroecosystems. The aim of this study is to analyse the fruit productivity during 30 years in two mature carob tree orchards grown in two contrasting soils: a fertile, calcareous soil and in a non-fertile soil. Based on this exploratory analysis, the gross income of farmers obtained from fruit selling in the regional market is discussed. Moreover, the possibility of using tree carbon sequestration as an ecosystem service shall be considered as a novel alternative in these depreciated agroecosystems.

Microbial assessment of beef in selected areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

This study was conducted to evaluate microbial load of beef meat during handling and selling in market. Total 12 samples were collected from K.R market, Sheshmore market, Kewatkhali bazaar and Mymensingh Sadar market. These samples were subjected to determine Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Yeast and Mould Count (TYMC) by using standard protocol at 0 hr, 2hrs and 5hrs time intarvel. The microbial counts of beef at different markets were high but there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the markets. In every cases with the increased of time interval all types of microbial count increased significantly (p<o.o1) than the initial time. Microbial contamination of beef occurs as plant workers and machinery repeatedly touch contaminated surfaces and the carcass. Thoughtful design of operating procedures, especially for flaying and evisceration, can greatly reduce this problem. Frequent washing and sanitizing of hands, tools, and machinery is required in order to remove bacteria before they reach the exposed surface of the carcass.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (4): 244-248

외국인 공매도 거래와 일중 가격반전 분석

외국인 공매도 거래와 일중 가격반전 분석

Are Norwegian fishermen selling in the same market?

Can a perishable food commodity with strong seasonal variation in supply, supplied by producers with limited operational radius, belong to a spatially integrated market? The majority of Norwegian cod is landed during a few winter months. Moreover, most of the catch is landed fresh by a fleet consisting primarily of many smaller vessels with limited operational radius. This makes landing patterns and potentially markets regional. However, there are also landings in the remainder of the year, primarily by larger oceangoing vessels such as trawlers with a larger operational radius that may ensure market integration between the regions. Market integration can also be ensured through landings of a potential substitute; frozen cod, which is less perishable. In this paper we investigate the degree of market integration between different regions for fresh cod in Norway, and between fresh and frozen cod. We find that the markets for fresh cod are integrated but not all regions adhere to the Law of One Price. Markets for fresh and frozen cod are also integrated, but not to the extent that the Law of One Price holds. Finally, there is evidence of frozen cod leading the fresh cod prices.

Investments, Market Timing and Portfolio Performance across Indian Bull and Bear Markets

The returns generated from an investment alternative are exponentially higher when espoused with appropriate timings. This article expound on the market timing used by investors to formulate profitable investment strategies in the stock market, which requires gathering of information at both micro- and macro-levels along with market trends to make timely decisions and evaluating the universe of stocks available. The market trends are been broadly classified into bull and bear phases, which have dynamic influence on buying and selling in the stock market. Further, the study supports the retail investors’ participation in the market for long-term to generate higher returns as compared to other conventional alternatives. The study attempts to identify bull and bear market turning points using a formal turning point identification procedure and formulate a profitable investment strategy in bull or bear market phases to maximise the returns. Hence, the present study provides to understand how the two phases influence investment decisions and determine the implications of bull and bear market phases on investors’ investment strategy.

Buying on Margin and Short Selling in an Artificial Double Auction Market

Leverage trading, which consists of short selling and buying on margin, has been introduced into stock markets in many countries, including China. Ever since, there have been heated debates on how leverage trading influences financial markets. In this paper, an agent-based artificial market model is developed to simulate market behaviors and to analyze the influence of the leverage ratio on liquidity, volatility and price-discovery efficiency. In our artificial market, heterogeneous agents submit limit orders based on the fundamentalist or chartist strategy, and their effective supplies and demands can be increased by short selling or margin trading. Numerical analyses are performed in both one-sided and two-sided markets. We find that in one-sided markets, leverage trading can increase market liquidity and volatility, and decrease price-discovery efficiency. However, in the two-sided market, the increase of liquidity is much smaller, the volatility is decreased, and the price-discovery efficiency is improved. Generally, this model provides some meaningful results, which are supported by many other studies, and these findings underscore the necessity of building up a two-sided market when introducing leverage trading into stock markets.

PERGULATAN IDENTITAS KULTURAL ANTARA FASTFOOD DAN KUDAPAN

This article aims to identify a society’s identity though its culinary aspect. Nowdays,fastfood has been favourite food dominating traditional one. Youth generationpriorities fastfood than traditional food because they regard it more prestigious.Thisphenomenon can not be separated from the uses of Mass media as an important wayto convey foreign product of fastfood as better culinary than local product (kudapan)selling in traditional market. This research uses qualitative methode such as libraryresearch and observation to analyze the phenomena which is happening. The findingof this research implied that cultural identity can be seen in culinary. Cultural identityin culinary is showed by its substance and making process. Thus, the implication ofthis research is to convey the society to love their traditional culinary as a reflex ofcultural identity.

Signaling, Bidding and the Final Price in the Online Auction Platform Almost Without Information Asymmetry: An Empirical Study on China's Largest B2C Marketplace

Business-to-customer (B2C) online auctions differ from customer-to-customer (C2C) online auctions by having much less sellers who have established their reputations. Thus, B2C online auctions face much lower levels of information asymmetry and relies more on seller’s signaling and buyers’ bidding to determine the final price. This paper uses the second-hand product auction data from Jingdong, the largest B2C electronic market in China, to understand the determinants of the final price in B2C online auctions. We find that the signaling from the single seller and the bidding from the buyers can almost fully explain the final price, where the signaling is much more important than the demand side’s bidding, and posting the price of new product selling in the online market is the most effective signaling. These findings are robust after controlling the endogeneity of the number of bidders. Results from Quantile IV Regression further show that the valuation-reference role of the seller’s signaling such as posting the price of new product and the newness levels of the product decreases with the value of product price while the role of bidding behaviors such as the number and the heterogeneity of bidders increases with that value.

Short Selling and the Cross-Section of CorporateBond Returns

This article studies the effect of short selling in the equity market on corporate bond returns. We show that firms with heavily shorted shares or large short-trade sizes experience significantly negative future bond returns. Further tests indicate that the relationship between short-trade size and subsequent bond returns is more consistent with stealth trading of short sellers. The impact of short selling on bond returns is robust to various controls for risk, liquidity, and other pricing factors. In examining the information source of short selling, we find that firms associated with heavy shorting activities or large short-trade sizes are likely to subsequently experience negative earnings surprises, higher credit risk, and reduced dividends. The evidence provides little support for the overvaluation argument. Overall, the results are consistent with the proposition that short trades in the equity market exert important valuation consequences in the corporate bond market.

Características das Famílias, Estruturação da Produção e Estratégias de Comercialização em um Assentamento de Reforma Agrária

Resumo: A estruturação dos estabelecimentos rurais está associada às características das famílias e às suas estratégias de inserção no mercado, em termos de geração de renda e exposição a riscos. Para entender essa associação foram estudados os casos de sete famílias assentadas em Araraquara (SP), região dominada por cana-de-açúcar e citros. Os indicadores foram o valor agregado total, o valor agregado por trabalhador, a estrutura e a dinâmica familiar e a organização do trabalho. Os casos incluíram dois estabelecimentos integrados à agroindústria (cana e frango, leite e frango), três estabelecimentos produtores de hortaliças (venda em atacado, semiatacado e direta ao consumidor), um caso de produção exclusivamente para consumo doméstico e um sem nenhuma produção econômica. As famílias vinculadas à agroindústria obtiveram valores agregados mais elevados, mas precisaram fazer investimentos maiores, o que fragilizou seus sistemas de produção frente a riscos. A crise financeira mundial de 2008 quebrou as agroindústrias integradoras e, com elas, as duas propriedades integradas. Para os produtores de hortaliças, para o mercado local, o valor agregado foi inferior ao do das integradas, como também seus investimentos em infraestrutura. A opção pela via de escoamento das hortaliças foi associada ao tamanho, ao conhecimento tecnológico e do mercado pelas famílias.

Developing a rule change trading system for the futures market using rough set analysis

Many technical indicators have been selected as input variables in order to develop an automated trading system that determines buying and selling trading decision using optimal trading rules within the futures market. However, optimal technical trading rules alone may not be sufficient for real-world application given the endlessly changing futures market. In this study, a rule change trading system (RCTS) that consists of numerous trading rules generated using rough set analysis is developed in order to cover diverse market conditions. To change the trading rules, a rule change mechanism based on previous trading results is proposed. Simultaneously, a genetic algorithm is employed with the objective function of maximizing the payoff ratio to determine the thresholds of market timing for both buying and selling in the futures market. An empirical study of the proposed system was conducted in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 200 (KOSPI 200) futures market. The proposed trading system yields profitable results as compared to both the buy-and-hold strategy, and a system not utilizing a genetic algorithm for maximizing the payoff ratio.

The Pathogen, Scapegoat, or a Miracle Drug? Short Selling and Stock Price Crash Risk

We identify the causality between short selling and stock price crash risk. Employing the difference-in-differences approach and a regulatory change from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Regulation SHO program, as an exogenous shock, we find that the lifting of short-sale constraints reduces the stock price crash risk, and the effect is stronger for the firms with more severe agency problems and greater information asymmetry. This study sheds light on the monitoring role of short selling in the equity market and its impact on corporate governance. In addition, our results have policy implications to security market regulators.

Short Selling and Price Pressures in the Korean Stock Market

This paper examines short-selling activity focusing on its behavior during non-normal times of occasional excesses in the Korean stock market. Using the methodology explained by Brunnermeier and Pederson (2005) and Shkilko et al. (2009; 2012), we first examine whether short-selling is predatory on those event days of large price reversals. Overall there is little predatory abnormal short-selling in the pre-rebound phase and we can observe active contrarian short-selling in the post-rebound phase. When we compared aggressiveness between short-selling and non-short-selling using order imbalance variables, we found that non-short selling is much more aggressive than short selling in the Korean stock market. From the observation of market liquidity measured by quoted spreads, we could find that market liquidity is somewhat limited during price decline stages while it slightly improves during price reversal phases. Also, using dynamic panel model, we test the influences of those variables on stock price changes and disaggregate the compound effect of short-selling reflected in trading volume itself into differentiated ones not only through pure trading channel but also through other complicated channels such as market sentiment change. Main findings from the regression results are as follows : In the Korean stock market, short sellers seem to behave as a contrarian trader rather than a momentum trader; seller-initiated aggressive trading, whether it is by short-selling or non-short-selling, leads to negative order imbalance and price decline; market liquidity is limited by short-selling and further pressure on price decline is added in the pre-rebound stage; and stock prices are affected not only through pure selling (buying) channel but also through other channels in the Korean stock market.