Self-reported Resilience Research Articles

Burnout and associated factors in undergraduate medical students at a South African university

Background. Medical students are at risk of burnout owing to various challenges. Objectives. To investigate burnout and associated factors among undergraduate students at a South African medical school. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, findings of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), demographic data and information related to resilience were collected by means of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Associations between burnout subscales and various factors were determined. Results. Five-hundred students (preclinical, n =270; clinical, n =230) completed the questionnaire. CBI mean scores for preclinical and clinical students were 17.9 and 17.4 (personal), 22.3 and 21.9 (work related) and 24.8 (patient related; clinical students only), respectively. High scores on the subscale reflect low levels of burnout in related areas. Male students and students with high self-reported resilience and low stress had significantly lower burnout levels. White preclinical students had lower levels of personal and work-related burnout, and black clinical students had less patient-related burnout. Conclusions. High mean scores in all three burnout subscales indicated low burnout levels among students. Academic and personal stress, as well as perceived poor support from institutional structures, were associated with significantly higher personal and work-related burnout, but not patient-related burnout in clinical students.

Associations between Brief Resilience Scale scores and ageing-related domains in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

It is unclear how scores on self-report resilience scales relate to key ageing-related domains in older age and if they truly measure resilience. We examined antecedents and outcomes of age-76 Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) scores in participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 655). We found bivariate associations between age-76 BRS scores and ageing-relevant antecedent variables measured at least 3 years earlier, from domains of cognitive ability, physical fitness, and wellbeing and, additionally, sociodemographics and personality (absolute r’s from .082 to .49). Biological health variables were not associated with BRS scores. Age-73 cognitive ability (largest β = 0.14), physical fitness (largest β = 0.084), and wellbeing variables (largest β = 0.26) made positive independent contributions to age-76 BRS scores in multivariate models. In a conservative model including all variables as covariates, corrected for multiple comparisons, only emotional stability (neuroticism) significantly independently contributed to BRS score (β = 0.33). An exploratory backward elimination model indicated more wellbeing and personality associates of BRS scores (βs from .087 to .32). We used latent difference score modeling to assess outcomes of BRS scores; we examined associations between age-76 BRS and change in latent factors of age-related domains between age 76 and 79. Whereas BRS scores were related cross-sectionally to levels of latent cognitive ability (r = .19), physical fitness (r = .20), and wellbeing (r = .60) factors, they were not related to declines in these domains. The independence of the BRS construct from established wellbeing and personality factors is unclear.

"Associations between Brief Resilience Scale scores and ageing-related domains in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936": Correction to Taylor et al. (2019).

Reports an error in "Associations between Brief Resilience Scale scores and ageing-related domains in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936" by Adele M. Taylor, Stuart J. Ritchie, Ciara Madden and Ian J. Deary (Psychology and Aging, Advanced Online Publication, Nov 04, 2019, np). This article should have been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0). Therefore, the article was amended to list the authors as copyright holders, and information about the terms of the CC BY 3.0 was added to the author note. In addition, the article is now open access. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-65933-001.) It is unclear how scores on self-report resilience scales relate to key ageing-related domains in older age and if they truly measure resilience. We examined antecedents and outcomes of age-76 Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) scores in participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 655). We found bivariate associations between age-76 BRS scores and ageing-relevant antecedent variables measured at least 3 years earlier, from domains of cognitive ability, physical fitness, and wellbeing and, additionally, sociodemographics and personality (absolute r's from .082 to .49). Biological health variables were not associated with BRS scores. Age-73 cognitive ability (largest β = 0.14), physical fitness (largest β = 0.084), and wellbeing variables (largest β = 0.26) made positive independent contributions to age-76 BRS scores in multivariate models. In a conservative model including all variables as covariates, corrected for multiple comparisons, only emotional stability (neuroticism) significantly independently contributed to BRS score (β = 0.33). An exploratory backward elimination model indicated more wellbeing and personality associates of BRS scores (βs from .087 to .32). We used latent difference score modeling to assess outcomes of BRS scores; we examined associations between age-76 BRS and change in latent factors of age-related domains between age 76 and 79. Whereas BRS scores were related cross-sectionally to levels of latent cognitive ability (r = .19), physical fitness (r = .20), and wellbeing (r = .60) factors, they were not related to declines in these domains. The independence of the BRS construct from established wellbeing and personality factors is unclear. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Resiliency and Allostatic Load among Veterans at Risk for Adverse Prostate Cancer Outcomes.

To examine the relationships between resiliency, sociodemographic factors, and allostatic load among male Veterans. Cross-sectional study with minority (African American or Hispanic) and non-minority (White) male Veterans undergoing prostate biopsy. Veterans Affairs Medical Center located in Charleston, SC. Self-reported resilience measured using the two item sub-scale from the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and allostatic load determined from biomarkers measured in blood. In this small sample, bounce-back resilience and allostatic load level had a significant negative correlation, while adaptation resilience and allostatic load were slightly correlated, but the association was not statistically significant. Sixty-six percent of participants reported that they were able to adapt and 40% reported they were able to bounce back. Higher income and lower PSA level were significantly correlated with greater adaptation resilience. Minority men were significantly more likely than non-minority men to report that they are able to bounce back. Married men were also significantly more likely than unmarried men to report that they were able to bounce back. It may be important to target resiliency training programs to Veterans based on their social determinants and to examine the effects of these programs on allostatic load.

Validity of the Brief Resilience Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale in a Chinese Sample.

This study presents a cross-cultural examination of the psychometric properties of two commonly used brief self-report resilience scales, the 6-item Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the 4-item Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Five hundred and eleven Chinese university undergraduate students were recruited for this cross-sectional research. Various psychometric evaluation tools were used to evaluate the internal consistency, criterion validity, factorial validity and construct validity of these resilience scales. The results showed that both scales had good criterion validity, with well-established measures of well-being, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy and mental health, as suggested in the resilience literature. The BRS (a = 0.71) showed better internal consistency than the BRCS (a = 0.59). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results also indicated that the BRS, with a two-factor structure, had better construct validity than the BRCS. The CFA results for the BRS met all of the criteria for a good model fit. The BRS was found to have better psychometric properties than the BRCS in the Chinese context. The findings will help researchers to select an appropriate resilience measure when conducting epistemological surveys of Chinese university students or the Chinese diaspora in other contexts.

Building Personal Resilience in Primary Care Paramedic Students, and Subsequent Skill Decay

Introduction Paramedics are routinely exposed to traumatic incidents that include physical injuries; these events may manifest into psychosocial injury. Proactive and preventive measures have the potential to mitigate the negative impact of exposure to traumatic events. Enhancing an individual's capacity to effectively manage stressful/adverse life events through an online resilience resource (ORR) offers a promising option for paramedics. The aim of this study is to investigate the initial impact of an ORR on resilience and to explore the potential skill decay following this self-guided online resource among pre-employment paramedic trainees. Methods Through a repeated measures design, 227 primary care paramedics from British Columbia, Canada completed a baseline resilience assessment and ORR. A subset of participants completed follow-up resilience assessments at 3 to 6 month or 9-month intervals. Results Between the baseline and 3-month follow-up tests, results indicate that self-report resilience scores showed a slight improvement. However, as time increased to 6 or 9 months, a statistically significant decrease in resilience scores in comparison to the baseline was observed. Conclusion This study presents evidence to suggest that an educational tool such as an online self-paced training program for building resilience may be an effective strategy for improving short-term personal resilience among primary care paramedic students. Given the gradual skill decay associated with an ORR, we can highlight the temporal limits of resilience training. Developing additional resilience training programs to be delivered throughout students’ pre-employment education may help reduce skill decay.

Resilience of dental core trainees in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Introduction & aims: Resilience may be defined as a process of “bouncing back” from the inevitable stresses encountered in life. Higher self-reported resilience has been associated with lower levels of anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Resilience is therefore highly important and should be cultivated where possible.

Relationships of blood proinflammatory markers with psychological resilience and quality of life in civilian women with posttraumatic stress disorder

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show low resilience and impaired quality of life (QOL). Accumulating evidence shows that PTSD is associated with increased inflammation. Studies suggest that inflammation can be a key mechanism underlying low resilience/QOL, but this relationship has been understudied in individuals with PTSD. Here, we investigated the association of blood proinflammatory markers with self-reported resilience and QOL in civilian women with PTSD. Fifty-six women with PTSD and 73 healthy control women participated in this study. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. QOL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of three proinflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Compared to controls, patients showed significantly higher IL-6 levels and lower resilience and QOL. In patients, IL-6 levels were significantly negatively correlated with resilience, and hsCRP levels were significantly negatively correlated with psychological QOL. These results show that increased levels of proinflammatory markers including IL-6 and hsCRP are associated with lower psychological resilience and QOL in PTSD patients. Our findings suggest that interventions and treatments targeting inflammation may aid in the recovery from PTSD and lead to better prognosis.

The relationship between resilience, emotional distress, and community participation outcomes following traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACTPurpose/Objective: To determine how resilience is associated with social participation outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI), in the context of emotional distress, demographics, and injury-related factors.Setting: Individuals with a history of TBI recruited the following stay at three rehabilitation facilities in the USA.Participants: 201 community-dwelling persons with medically documented TBI ranging in severity from mild to severe.Design: Prospective cohort observational study. Data were collected at two time points, approximately 6 months apart.Main Measures: TBI-QOL; PART-OResults: Resilience at baseline was moderately to strongly correlated with baseline psychological distress variables (rs= −.66) and social participation variables (rs =.33 to.57). In regression analyses, resilience was directly associated with social participation outcomes and formed a significant interaction with emotional distress in some models. Resilience failed to show a relationship with social participation at 6-month follow-up, when controlling for baseline social participation.Conclusions: Though related to emotional distress, self-reported resilience makes a unique contribution to predicting outcomes over time following brain injury, and may impact the relationship between stress and negative participation outcomes. As such, it is possible interventions that promote resilience may mitigate distress and promote community integration.

Resilience and long-term outcomes after trauma: An opportunity for early intervention?

Resilience, or the ability to cope with difficulties, influences an individual's response to life events including unexpected injury. We sought to assess the relationship between patient self-reported resilience traits and functional and psychosocial outcomes 6 months after traumatic injury. Adult trauma patients 18 years to 64 years of age with moderate to severe injuries (Injury Severity Score, ≥9) admitted to one of three Level I trauma centers between 2015 and 2017 were contacted by phone at 6 months postinjury and asked to complete a validated Trauma Quality of Life (T-QoL) survey and PTSD screen. Patients were classified into "low" and "high" resilience categories. Long-term outcomes were compared between groups. Adjusted logistic regression models were built to determine the association between resilience and each of the long-term outcomes. A total of 305 patients completed the 6-month interview. Two hundred four (67%) of the 305 patients were classified as having low resilience. Mean age was 42 ± 14 years, 65% were male, 91% suffering a blunt injury, and average Injury Severity Score was 15.4 ± 7.9. Patients in the low-resilience group had significantly higher odds of functional limitations in activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR], 4.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48-9.34). In addition, patients in the lower resilience group were less likely to have returned to work/school (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.71-6.19), more likely to report chronic pain (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.54-4.30) and more likely to screen positive for PTSD (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.58-5.54). Patients with low resilience demonstrated worse functional and psychosocial outcomes 6 months after injury. These data suggest that screening for resilience and developing and deploying early interventions to improve resilience-associated traits as soon as possible after injury may hold promise for improving important long-term functional outcomes. Prognostic, level II.

Surviving the storm: Avoidant coping, helping behavior, resilience and affective symptoms around a major hurricane-flood

BackgroundAs extreme weather events increasingly affect the global population, it is valuable to understand their impacts on mental health. Extending upon previous theory and research, the current study examined a hypothesized framework of direct and indirect pathways. Exposure and psychosocial resource factors at the time of the hurricane/flood were expected to help explain post-disaster behavioral responses, such as avoidant coping, positive coping, and helping behaviors, which, in turn, would help account for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms (DS). MethodsSurvey data were collected from adult survivors (n = 801) of Hurricane Harvey 1–3 months post-disaster. PTSS, DS, and needing help were common, and loss/disruption and helping behavior were widespread. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized framework. ResultsModels accounted for substantial variance in PTSS (70%) and DS (61%), with immediate loss/disruption, low self-reported resilience, and avoidant coping showing the strongest associations with symptoms. As predicted, results provided support for several modeled indirect pathways through avoidant coping to PTSS and DS. Further, helping behavior was consistently associated with increased PTSS, but not DS. LimitationsCross-sectional design and online data collection methods precluded testing of causal directionality and confirming clinical diagnoses. ConclusionsThe current study represents a step toward elucidating potential mediators of avoidant coping and how helping behavior might relate to post-disaster psychopathology. Individuals in heavily hurricane/flood-exposed areas who have low psychosocial resources (social support and resilience) might be most vulnerable and most in need of intervention.

The Working Mind: A Meta-Analysis of a Workplace Mental Health and Stigma Reduction Program.

This article describes a meta-analysis of The Working Mind, a program that was developed to address workplace mental health. The basic program addresses issues related to stigma in the workplace, the use of a mental health continuum model to evaluate signs and indicators of mental illness, and the development of coping skills. A manager version further addresses issues such as how to work with an employee who struggles with mental health issues, workplace accommodations, and overall management issues. A total of 8 replications evaluated program effects on stigma, self-reported resilience, and coping abilities. The implementation of the program was associated with moderate reductions in stigma and increased self-reported resilience and coping abilities. These results were generally consistent across settings and showed nonsignificant differences when various potential moderators of the program were evaluated (e.g., employees versus managers, public versus private sector, gender, age). Qualitative comments collected at the end of the program suggested that many program participants found the program to be helpful and that the skills were being employed. Directions for future research, including the need for a randomized trial of The Working Mind, are discussed. Overall, the results suggest that the program is successful in its aims, but further inquiry is encouraged.

Testing indicators of resilience for rural communities

ABSTRACTThe resilience of rural communities is a concern, both in itself and for its effects on the agricultural sector. This article investigates the possibility of using official statistics to measure community resilience. Specifically, it tests the possibility of identifying resilience thresholds for key indicators. Using community workshops to investigate the drivers of resilience among residents of four rural communities in New Zealand, the analysis compared self-reported ratings against indicators from official data sources. The self-reported ratings of overall community resilience tended to be more influenced by economic and institutional drivers than social, cultural, or environmental drivers. In addition, the overall self-reported resilience ratings tended to match estimations of resilience based on official statistics. By showing it is possible to identify resilience thresholds for these indicators, the research provides a method for improving quantification of community resilience and offers estimates of the extent of resilience at a given point in time.

Abstract P350: Psychological Resilience and CVD-related Health Behaviors: a Cross-sectional Analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative Extension Study

Introduction: Psychological resilience (resilience), defined as the self-reported ability to bounce back from stress by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), has been associated with CVD-related health behaviors. However, the evidence is limited in ethnically diverse older populations. This study investigates the association between self-reported resilience and CVD-related health behaviors (smoking status, sleep, recreational physical activity, and diet quality) in women aged 62+ years of age. Hypothesis: Higher levels self-reported resilience will be positively associated with CVD-related health behaviors after adjustment for age, race-ethnicity, and stressful life events (SLE). Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted on 77,395 women aged 62-85+ [African American (N=4475, 5.8%), White (N=69,448, 89.7%), Latina (N=1891, 2.4%), and Asian or Pacific Islander (N=1581, 2.0%)] who enrolled in the second Women’s Health Initiative Extension Study. Resilience was measured by a short version of the Brief Resilience Scale for assessing the Ability to Bounce Back and divided into 3 levels for descriptive analyses (i.e., low, normal, and high resilience). Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association between levels of resilience and each CVD-related health behavior. Smoking status and sleep were modeled as binary while recreational physical activity and diet quality (as measured by the HEI-2005) were modeled as continuous outcomes. Results: Of the 77,395 women, those with high resilience were younger and less likely to have had SLE. African American women were the most likely to self-report high resilience (48.6%; n=2174), followed by White (45.5%; n=31584), and then Asian or Pacific Islander (43.3%; n=684) and Latina women (43.3%; n=819). After controlling for age, race-ethnicity, and SLE, there was a negative association between self-reported resilience and current smoking status (OR=0.92; 95%; CI:0.87-0.97), and a positive association between 7-9 hours of sleep per night (OR=1.20; CI: 1.17-1.22). Linear regression analysis showed a positive association between self-reported resilience and both recreational physical activity (β= + 0.45; CI: 0.42-0.49) and HEI-2005 (β= + 0.60; CI: 0.51-0.69). Conclusions: Resilience is associated with better CVD-related health behaviors in older ethnically diverse women. These findings warrant further investigation into whether assessing and potentially intervening to improve resilience could help to increase the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions.

Abstract TP176: Increased Resiliency is Associated With Better Recovery Trajectory Among Community Dwelling Stroke Survivors

Background: The unanticipated devastating changes affecting the quality of life post-stroke leads to chronic stress. Elevated stress has been associated with the several worst outcomes of stroke. However, not all stroke survivors with acute stress advances to the stage of severe unfavourable outcomes. Apart from stroke severity, the functional outcome of stroke is embedded within the complex settings of individual’s unique personality traits such as resiliency. In this ongoing project, we aim to explore the relationship between resiliency and stress in stroke survivors and more importantly, we aim to investigate how they influence the recovery trajectory of stroke survivors. Methods: Community dwelling stroke survivors were recruited from Hunter Stroke Research Register. Demographics data, anthropometrics data and medical history related to cardiometabolic diseases were recorded. Stroke recovery was assessed from Stroke Impact Scale -version 3. Self-reported resilience was assessed using the Brief Resiliency Scale and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. The level of stress was assessed using Perceived Stress Scale-10. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: All of the recruited stroke survivors (N=45; age: 62.6±13.49; male/female: 25/20; ischaemic/haemorrhagic: 29/16) were at the chronic phase of their stroke recovery. The strong inverse association was found between the level of resilience and the level of stress. Resiliency level correlated significantly with 6 out of 8 domains of stroke impact scale. There was no correlation between the level of stress and resiliency with demographics, anthropometric variables and associated cardiometabolic conditions. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, resiliency level was significantly associated with several domains of stroke impact scale and it accounted for the significant proportion of variance in stroke recovery. Conclusion: Since, resilience was inversely associated with stress level and higher resilience level was associated with favourable stroke recovery trajectory; equipping stroke survivor’s skills in building and maintaining resilience will reduce the level of stress and promote recovery at chronic phase post-stroke.

Between vulnerability and resilience: A network analysis of fluctuations in cognitive risk and protective factors following remission from depression

Research exploring how cognitive risk- and protective factors relate following remission from internalizing disorders suggests a central role for resilience. However, it remains unclear what constitutes resilience in this context. Furthermore, previous studies have typically relied on cross-sectional data which do not allow to map the temporal dynamics of such relations. Using a seven-day experience sampling period in 85 remitted depressed patients, we examined the interplay between five transdiagnostic vulnerability- and protective factors in daily life. We present a temporal, contemporaneous, and a between-subjects network, providing an in-depth analysis of how these factors relate to daily life fluctuations in residual symptomatology. Furthermore, we test the role of positive affect as a main resilience factor. Resilience uniquely predicted all other factors over time (temporal network). Higher levels of resilience were related to less momentary use of rumination, more deployment of positive appraisal, and lower occurrence of residual symptoms (contemporaneous network). Participants scoring high on resilience mostly engaged in positive appraisal (between-subjects network). Similar structures were obtained when substituting self-reported resilience by positive affect. This highlights the importance of resilience, and in particular, positive affectivity, to cope with stressors following remission. This may be fostered by facilitating the use of positive appraisal.

Predictors of lower-than-expected posttraumatic symptom severity in war veterans: The influence of personality, self-reported trait resilience, and psychological flexibility

Resilience following traumatic events has been studied using numerous methodologies. One approach involves quantifying lower-than-expected levels of a negative outcome following trauma exposure. Resilience research has examined personality and coping-related factors. One malleable factor is psychological flexibility, or the context-dependent ability/willingness to contact the present moment, including emotional distress, in order to engage in valued actions. Among 254 war Veterans who participated in a longitudinal study, we operationalized resilience as lower-than-expected PTSD symptoms and PTSD-related functional impairment one-year following an initial post-deployment assessment based on lifetime exposure to childhood trauma, combat trauma, and sexual trauma during military service. We evaluated the contribution of personality factors, self-reported trait resilience, and psychological flexibility, measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, to PTSD-related resilience after accounting for lifetime and current PTSD symptom severity and depression symptom severity. In hierarchical regression analyses, neither specific personality factors nor self-reported resilience predicted PTSD-related resilience at follow-up after accounting for PTSD and depression symptoms. In the final step, psychological flexibility predicted unique variance and was the only significant predictor of PTSD-related resilience aside from baseline PTSD symptom severity. Findings indicate that psychological flexibility is a predictor of resilience that is distinct from psychiatric symptoms, personality, and self-reported resilience. Trauma survivors may benefit from interventions that bolster psychological flexibility.

Anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance typologies and relations to posttraumatic stress disorder: A cluster analytic approach

ABSTRACTA growing literature suggests a relationship between a high anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety and its related consequences)/low distress tolerance (DT; the capacity tolerate internal negative states) profile and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, specific profiles have not been identified or examined specifically in Veteran samples. Thus, the aims of the present study were to establish empirically derived profiles created from response patterns on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index and Distress Tolerance Scale and to examine associations with PTSD symptom clusters among a sample of combat-exposed Veterans (N = 250). A cluster analytic approach was used to identify AS/DT profiles, and a series of multivariate analyses of variance with post hoc analyses was conducted to examine the relationship between each AS/DT profile and each PTSD symptom cluster. Results indicated a 3-cluster solution including a high AS/low DT “at risk” profile, a low AS/high DT “resilient” profile, and an average AS/DT “intermediate” profile. The at-risk profile was associated with significantly greater symptoms in each PTSD cluster (i.e., hyperarousal, avoidance, re-experiencing) when compared to the other two profiles. The at-risk profile was also associated with greater depressive symptoms and lower self-reported resilience. These findings extend the previous literature by identifying a high AS/low DT “at risk” profile and its associations with PTSD symptoms, underscoring the potential utility in targeting these affect-regulation constructs for clinical intervention.

A commentary on Martin's "What matters in 'multimorbidity'? Arguably resilience and personal health experience are central to quality of life and optimizing survival." J. Eval. Clin. Pract. 2016; 1-3.

This is a commentary on Martin's 2016 article on "What matters in 'multimorbidity'." The relationship between self-reported health and resilience is an important recognition of how all health professionals can work productively with their patients within a shared decision framework.

The effect of positive mood on flexible processing of affective information.

Recent efforts have been made to understand the cognitive mechanisms underlying psychological resilience. Cognitive flexibility in the context of affective information has been related to individual differences in resilience. However, it is unclear whether flexible affective processing is sensitive to mood fluctuations. Furthermore, it remains to be investigated how effects on flexible affective processing interact with the affective valence of information that is presented. To fill this gap, we tested the effects of positive mood and individual differences in self-reported resilience on affective flexibility, using a task switching paradigm (N = 80). The main findings showed that positive mood was related to lower task switching costs, reflecting increased flexibility, in line with previous findings. In line with this effect of positive mood, we showed that greater resilience levels, specifically levels of acceptance of self and life, also facilitated task set switching in the context of affective information. However, the effects of resilience on affective flexibility seem more complex. Resilience tended to relate to more efficient task switching when negative information was preceded by positive information, possibly because the presentation of positive information, as well as positive mood, can facilitate task set switching. Positive mood also influenced costs associated with switching affective valence of the presented information. This latter effect was indicative of a reduced impact of no longer relevant negative information and more impact of no longer relevant positive information. Future research should confirm these effects of individual differences in resilience on affective flexibility, considering the affective valence of the presented information. (PsycINFO Database Record