Self-regulatory Mechanisms Research Articles

REGULATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF LEGAL CONSULTANTS

Abstract. Legal consultants are the important component of the system of ensuring legal and social protection of the population, as well as maintaining law and order and justice in society. The importance of the professional activity of these persons determines the need to establish requirements for their qualifications and for the organization of the activity itself. This article examines the historical experience and features of state and alternative regulation of the activities of legal consultants. The initial regulation of the activities of persons providing paid legal services, from 1997 to 2005, was carried out at the state level through licensing and state control, then the activities of these persons were regulated in a civil law manner. In 2018, a specialized legislative act defined the status of a legal consultant and chambers of legal consultants, as well as fixed the mechanism for self-regulation in the field of legal assistance with mandatory participation of consultants in a self-regulatory organization. The article examines the provisions of legislative acts regulating the procedure for regulating the activities of legal consultants. Currently, the state imperatively establishes regulatory requirements for the qualifications of legal consultants, and also indirectly influences their activities by exercising regulatory, implementation and control functions in relation to the chambers in which they are members. In the context of self-regulation, it is the chambers that directly affect the activities of legal consultants, since they are endowed with regulatory and supervisory powers in relation to their members. The results of this study are to identify the specifics of regulating the activities of legal consultants, through different periods, as well as to identify the individual shortcomings of the current regulatory mechanism both in legislative acts and in practice of their application, with the development of proposals to eliminate them.

A Case of Filiform Wart Effectively Treated with Calcarea carbonica

AbstractWarts are skin growths that are benign (noncancerous) and develop on different parts of the body. These are caused by Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV). Warts are more prevalent in children and teenagers but can affect anyone at any age. Over time, the body's immune system frequently succeeds in battling the viruses, and the warts eventually vanish by themselves. However, people with compromised immune systems may find it considerably harder. Conventional treatment mostly consists of methods such as topical treatments, cryotherapy, ablation, and so on, which may have a variety of adverse effects. The likelihood of recurrence is also high. Here comes the scope of individualized homoeopathic treatment that directs and stimulates the body's self-regulatory mechanisms to restore its natural equilibrium in a cost-effective manner. A casereport of a 20-year-old woman with filiform warts on the scalp is presented here. Calcarea carbonica 200 was prescribed as per the homoeopathic principles which was repeated in 1 M potency. The case was followed up fortnightly. The warts disappeared completely after homoeopathic treatment without the use of any topical applications along with marked improvement in other associated complaints. The total score was 10 on Monarch inventory assessment and +3 on ORIDL (outcome in relation to impact on daily living), suggesting improvement in the overall well-being of the patient. This case report suggests that filiform warts can be successfully treated with individualized homoeopathic medications.

Enhancing User Privacy Protection on Social Media Platforms: A Comprehensive Analysis of Self-Regulatory and Supervisory Mechanisms

Enhancing User Privacy Protection on Social Media Platforms: A Comprehensive Analysis of Self-Regulatory and Supervisory Mechanisms

Reversible Oxygen Redox Chemistry in High-Entropy P2-Type Manganese-Based Cathodes via Self-Regulating Mechanism.

The irreversible oxygen-redox reactions in the high-voltage region of sodium-layered cathode materials lead to poor capacity retention and structural instability during cycling, presenting a significant challenge in the development of high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries. This work introduces a high-entropy design for layered Na0.67Li0.1Co0.1Cu0.1Ni0.1Ti0.1Mn0.5O2 (Mn-HEO) cathode with a self-regulating mechanism to extend specific capacity and energy density. The oxygen redox reaction was activated during the initial charging process, accompanied by the self-regulation of active elements, enhancing the ionic bonds to form a vacancy wall near the TM vacancies and thus preventing the migration of transition metal elements. Systematic in situ/ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations comprehensively support the understanding of the self-regulation mechanism of Mn-HEO. As a result, the Mn-HEO cathode exhibits a stable structure during cycling. It demonstrates almost zero strain within a wide voltage range of 2.0-4.5 V with a remarkable specific capacity (177 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C) and excellent long-term cycling stability (87.6% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 2 C). This work opens a new pathway for enhancing the stability of oxygen-redox chemistry and revealing a mechanism of crystal structure evolution for high-energy-density layered oxides.

Medicine in the Digital Era: Legal Aspects of the Use of Cell and Gene Therapy in Foreign Countries

The paper examines the experience of legal regulation of the use of cell and gene therapy products, including CAR-T technologies, in the Anglo-Saxon legal system. It is noted that a significant obstacle to the development of CAR-T therapy, as well as cell and gene therapy in general, is the absence in most countries of the world of comprehensive legal regulation of the use of such innovative methods of treating diseases. Currently, this problem is relevant for the Russian Federation, where cell and gene therapy drugs are actively being developed. The paper provides a detailed overview of the main relevant documents from Australia, the United States of America and Canada, analyzes specific cases illustrating successful law enforcement practice, and examines the mechanisms of self-regulation in the area under study. In conclusion, the authors formulate the key problems and ways to improve legal regulation as to cell and gene therapy drugs application in the Russian Federation. The authors recommend that the best practices of these foreign countries be used, taking into account its critical understanding for the development of appropriate regulatory regulation in the Russian Federation and integration associations with its participation.

Self-regulation in the media sector: legal aspects

The article is dedicated to exploring the legal aspects of self-regulation in the media sphere in Ukraine and its correlation with the legal aspects of regulation and co-regulation. The focus is on the role of self-regulation in ensuring the activities of media entities, illustrating the difference between self-regulation in the media sphere and self-regulation in journalism. The examines various aspects of self-regulation in the media sphere in Ukraine, including internal control mechanisms, the role of media entities, and interaction with government authorities. In particular, it investigates the impact of national legislation on the formation and development of self-regulation in the media sphere in Ukraine. Practical challenges and possible ways to improve self-regulation mechanisms in the media segment are highlighted.

Exercise-induced neuroplasticity: a new perspective on rehabilitation for chronic low back pain.

Chronic low back pain patients often experience recurrent episodes due to various peripheral and central factors, leading to physical and mental impairments, affecting their daily life and work, and increasing the healthcare burden. With the continuous advancement of neuropathological research, changes in brain structure and function in chronic low back pain patients have been revealed. Neuroplasticity is an important mechanism of self-regulation in the brain and plays a key role in neural injury repair. Targeting neuroplasticity and regulating the central nervous system to improve functional impairments has become a research focus in rehabilitation medicine. Recent studies have shown that exercise can have beneficial effects on the body, such as improving cognition, combating depression, and enhancing athletic performance. Exercise-induced neuroplasticity may be a potential mechanism through which exercise affects the brain. This article systematically introduces the theory of exercise-induced neuroplasticity, explores the central effects mechanism of exercise on patients with chronic low back pain, and further looks forward to new directions in targeted neuroplasticity-based rehabilitation treatment for chronic low back pain.

Response and self-regulation of PD/A granular sludge to oxytetracycline stress

This paper investigated the operational characteristics and self-regulation mechanism of the partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) granular system under the stress of oxytetracycline (OTC), an emerging pollutant that accumulates in municipal wastewater treatment plants through various pathways, posing significant challenges for its future promotion in engineering applications. The results indicated that OTC concentrations below 100 mg/L intensified its short-term inhibition on the PD/A granular sludge system, decreasing functional bacterial activity, while between 150 and 300 mg/L, PD's NO3−-N to NO2−-N conversion ability diminished, and Anammox activity was significantly suppressed. Under long-term high OTC stress (20–30 mg/L), nitrogen removal suffered, and batch tests revealed significant inhibition of PD's NO3−-N to NO2−-N conversion, dropping from 73.77 % to 50.17 %. Anammox bacteria activity sharply declined from 1.81 to 0.39 mg N/gVSS/h under OTC stress. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content rose from 185.39 to 210.86 mg/gVSS, indicating PD/A sludge's self-protection mechanism. However, EPS content fell due to cell lysis at high OTC (30 mg/L). The decreasing relative abundance of Candidatus_Brocadia (2.32 % to 0.93 %) and Thaure (12.63 % to 7.82 %) was a key factor in the gradual deterioration of denitrification performance. This study was expected to provide guidance for the PD/A process to cope with the interference of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants (short-term shock and long-term stress).

Этические аспекты подготовки журналистских материалов о детях и для детской аудитории: гуманистический подход

Thе article examines a two-pronged problem: the need to develop fundamental documents on the Russian media’s observance of humanistic principles, when preparing materials about childhood, as well as the lack of a professional journalistic school within which such approaches are formed and supported. The author turns to scientific research in the field of deontology and philosophy of journalism and comes to the conclusion, that the implementation of tasks to humanize the information space depends not only on the level of the development of media ethics, but also on the will of journalists, the political situation, and the structure of the media market at the stage of its economic transformation. In an aggressive media environment and when the professional journalistic community ignores ethical principles, the most vulnerable audience group subject to negative influence are minors. Today, some editorial offices deliberately deviate from the norms of morality and ethics in the process of creating a potentially “saleable” information product, while children and adolescents, according to statistics, are regularly indirect consumers of non-target content. That is why the author of the article chooses media texts from professional media as an empirical basis, since their authors, unlike many bloggers and content creators on social networks, as editorial staff, are aware of the responsibility not only at the legislative but also at the corporate level. Certain ethical charters and standards ratified by journalistic organizations in Russia contain recommendations for the preparation of media materials that address the topic of childhood directly or indirectly. A detailed analysis of the presented documents allows us to conclude that some provisions adopted in the early 2000s have lost their relevance, and today it is necessary not only to revise their content, but also to raise the question among practitioners about the need to show greater attention to measures of deterring aggressive rhetoric, as well as the question about the introduction of new self-regulation mechanisms.

The assessment of pathways towards suicide in adolescent patients: A PDM-2-oriented approach.

Increasing evidence has supported the mutual relationship between suicidal motivations and personality pathology, especially in adolescence. Distinctive aspects of personality functioning can explain the tendency to resort to suicidal ideation and behaviours, which, in turn, may play a specific role in exacerbating severe impairments in self-regulation mechanisms that underlie personality pathology. This study illustrates, through two clinical cases, the clinical utility of using the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual - Second Edition (PDM-2) to better understand distinct pathways of suicidal processes. Two adolescents, named Luis and Gael, who attempted suicide multiple times were assessed using the Psychodiagnostic Chart Adolescent (PDC-A) of the PDM-2 to evaluate their mental functioning, emerging personality styles or syndromes, and symptom patterns. They were interviewed using the Motivational Interview for Suicidality in Adolescence (MIS-A) to identify the motivations underpinning their suicidal behaviour. The results showed that Luis presented a narcissistic personality characterized by the need to deny his vulnerabilities through suicidal fantasies as a form of escape, while Gael presented a borderline personality characterized by the use of suicide attempts to express her inner and unspeakable pain. The study seems to support the reciprocal interconnections between personality functioning and suicidal motivations that should be better identified to plan tailored and more effective interventions.

Legal security of mediation in Ukraine: shortcomings and prospects for improvement through the prism of the experience of the countries of the European Union

In the content of the article, the author investigated the peculiarities of the legal provision of mediation in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. Despite the fact that today in legal science, a significant body of scientific works has been formed, which relate to certain aspects of mediation, it is worth noting that the issue of legal support for mediation in Ukraine has not been properly studied scientifically. Modern studies of the legal provision of mediation are especially relevant, given the high degree of its variability in Ukraine. On the basis of a critical analysis of the provisions of Ukrainian legislation in the field of mediation, its shortcomings and prospects for improvement were determined. The following are noted as shortcomings of the legal provision of mediation in Ukraine: a) the absence of provisions that would regulate the issues of mediation procedures, in particular before submitting an appeal to the court, during court proceedings, as well as during the execution of a court decision, etc.; b) inconsistency of its categorical and conceptual apparatus with established legislative terminology (for example, the terms "conflict” and "dispute”); c) inaccuracy of the legal provision of mediation principles; d) superficial, too general regulation of the mediation process itself; e) failure to take into account the European standard of mediation transparency, etc. The analysis of the peculiarities of the legal provision of the EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Austria, etc.) made it possible to substantiate the prospects for improving the legal provision of mediation in Ukraine. It is summarized that the Ukrainian legislation has experienced legal transformations in the field of mediation, moving from the least effective and least reliable informal model to a specialized model by adopting the framework Law of Ukraine "On Mediation”. In our opinion, the most effective model of legal support for mediation is the specialized model chosen by Ukraine, which, among other things, should be complemented by effective mechanisms of self-regulation of this legal activity through the development and application of acts of the so-called "unofficial law” adopted by professional associations of mediators. The combination of the legal regulation of mediation in Ukraine was noted: a) the typicality of the law "On Mediation”, which established the legal foundation of mediation and regulated the most general and important issues in this area; b) self-regulating mechanisms of mediation, designed to ensure a quick response to the dynamic development of mediation and relations where it should be applied.

The cybersecurity entrepreneur

AbstractCybersecurity is a major U.S. policy issue with a sizable coalition asserting that self-regulation is failing, primarily due to rampant low quality security products and a dearth of threat information sharing. State intervention proponents, however, generally disregard the role of cybersecurity entrepreneurial activity in fixing disequilibria. My research identifies how entrepreneurs adeptly satisfy consumers’ cybersecurity preferences by developing strong self-regulating mechanisms where data valuations are relatively high. I then empirically examine how entrepreneurial innovations have ameliorated discoordination and significantly improved market outcomes over time through the application of the market process and price theory.

Response of deep soil water deficit to afforestation, soil depth, and precipitation gradient

In semi-arid and semi-humid regions, deep soil water resources are crucial for vegetation restoration to mediate the ecosystem sustainability. Yet it is still limited on understanding soil water deficit (SWD) caused by vegetation restoration and its response to soil depth and precipitation. To obtain a more accurate measurement of regional SWD, we conducted a two-year soil water monitoring to a depth of 1800 cm under typical vegetation restoration with a precipitation gradient ranging from 300 mm/y to more than 600 mm/y across the Loess Plateau of China. With increasing precipitation gradient, soil water storages in 0–1800 cm depth under both arable cropland and artificial vegetation significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared to arable cropland, artificial vegetations (forest and shrub) had a significantly greater SWD regardless of either precipitation gradient or soil depth. In particular, the deep-rooted vegetations (R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii) on the Loess Plateau demonstrated the greatest SWD in the 0–1800 cm layer due to their great water consumption. Indeed, a positive relationship between the accumulated SWD and the accumulated root biomass was detected, suggesting that the increased root biomass in soil depth may promote soil water consumption. In addition, the relative SWD in artificial vegetation at a depth of 1800 cm decreased significantly (p < 0.05). These findings reveal that there is a mechanism of precipitation self-regulation on the deep SWD, of which is more sensitive in the sub-shallow soil layers. We conclude that the SWD depends on vegetation restoration, soil depth, and precipitation self-regulation, offering a reference for how afforestation affects deep soil water in the Loess Plateau region. This finding also benefits to mediate water balance processes and develop sustainable land management in water-limited regions around the world.

Alcohol effects on drivers' speed management: The influence of visual performance and road complexity.

The aim of this work is to assess how drivers adapt their driving speed as a self-regulation mechanism when driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA), and the influence of alcohol consumption, visual performance, road complexity, and personal traits. Thirty one volunteers took part in the study. All of them underwent three experimental sessions: Baseline (no alcohol), Alcohol 1 (low-moderate dose), and Alcohol 2 (moderate-high dose). Vision was tested by means of contrast sensitivity and retinal straylight. Driving performance was assessed using a driving simulator. The difference between the driving speed and the speed limit was calculated in 10 road scenarios of different complexity. Drivers adapted their driving speed less (i.e., drove faster) in Alcohol 1 condition compared to Alcohol 2 (p = 0.007). This indicate that participants felt more confident under the influence of a low-moderate dose of alcohol. Participants with better contrast sensitivity drove faster (p = 0.021). The complexity of the road and other factors such as driving experience, gender, or DUIA frequency, also influenced speed choice. Drivers under the influence of a low-moderate dose of alcohol seem to be less aware of the risk. Contrast sensitivity is a good predictor of the speed choice when DUIA. A better understanding of drivers' behavior under the influence of substance use may be useful to adjust and improve the traffic laws and driving regulations.

Forming professional reliability of railway power supply specialists

The high level of technological, technical, logistics, organizational and economic changes occurring in the railway industry determines the trajectory of development of professional training of specialists. The priority of safety issues in the context of the complex influence of occupational risks actualizes the scientific understanding of the problem associated with the substantiation of effective characteristics that allow one to withstand the cumulative influence of occupational risks, effectively develop in the professional community, maintaining a stable equilibrium state of the “man – technology – production environment” system. Analysis of research and methodological literature, experience of professional applied physical training at railway universities of the Russian Federation made it possible to identify areas of research aimed at bringing the indicators of psychophysical fitness of specialists into line with the conditions for the implementation of their professional activities. In the structure of professional competence of railway transport specialists, researchers highlight readiness for professional activity. At the same time, in today’s rapidly changing conditions of the professional world, it is necessary to form not only the current (basic) professionally significant qualities of a future specialist, but also to create conditions for the development of potential professional abilities, which will allow effectively confronting risk situations and ensuring the formation of self-regulation mechanisms. The quality that ensures the mobilization and activation of available funds, reserves, sources to achieve set goals, solve problems, and unlock opportunities in a certain area is reliability. In the article it is shown that convergence of play with learning determines the developmental effect of the game method. The complex nature of the gaming method allows to form indicators in the structure of professional reliability of railway power supply specialists.

A theoretical analysis of the implications of self-determination theory in explaining the effectiveness of feedback-seeking behaviors and the seeker's reaction to feedback: A research agenda

This paper proposes that Self-Determination Theory (SDT) has considerable potential for filling some crucial feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) literature gaps. Some key issues are theoretically addressed. First, the influence mechanism of FSB on performance improvement may be explained by the role of motivational factors introduced by this theory in forming positive feedback reactions and the quality of feedback received by the feedback seeker. Second, SDT can be used to explain the feedback seekers' subjective well-being during the FSB process, which is almost overlooked in the FSB literature despite its importance. Third, this paper also relates motivational self-regulation mechanisms to FSB dimensions (e.g., method, sign, type) beyond the popular dimension of FSB frequency analyzed in the literature. The paper also suggests that the quality of FSB, based on these dimensions, is related to the quality of the feedback-seeker's motivation. This paper presents avenues for future empirical studies on different aspects of FSB based on SDT.

К вопросу о правовой характеристике членства в саморегулируемой организации

The article draws attention to the fact that the legal status of a member of a self-regulating organization is built on the basis of membership in the association, but at the same time it is supplemented and/or modified in connection with the special functionality of the status of a self-regulating organization, which primarily affects the list of responsibilities of members of these organizations, which are an instrument for ensuring the status of the self-regulating organization itself. It is proved that a sufficiently broad and unlimited measure of dispositivity in determining the corporate rights and obligations of members of self-regulating organizations does not have the best effect on the issues of protecting the interests of the members themselves and their exercise of corporate rights. The author also tracks the trend of involving self-regulation mechanisms in blogging activities.

Conformational free-energy landscapes of a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger explain its alternating-access mechanism and functional specificity

Secondary-active transporters catalyze the movement of myriad substances across all cellular membranes, typically against opposing concentration gradients, and without consuming any ATP. To do so, these proteins employ an intriguing structural mechanism evolved to be activated only upon recognition or release of the transported species. We examine this self-regulated mechanism using a homolog of the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger as a model system. Using advanced computer simulations, we map out the complete functional cycle of this transporter, including unknown conformations that we validate against existing experimental data. Calculated free-energy landscapes reveal why this transporter functions as an antiporter rather than a symporter, why it specifically exchanges Na+ and Ca2+, and why the stoichiometry of this exchange is exactly 3:1. We also rationalize why the protein does not exchange H+ for either Ca2+ or Na+, despite being able to bind H+ and its high similarity with H+/Ca2+ exchangers. Interestingly, the nature of this transporter is not explained by its primary structural states, known as inward- and outward-open conformations; instead, the defining factor is the feasibility of conformational intermediates between those states, wherein access pathways leading to the substrate binding sites become simultaneously occluded from both sides of the membrane. This analysis offers a physically coherent, broadly transferable route to understand the emergence of function from structure among secondary-active membrane transporters.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR ON BUY NOW PAY LATER USERS: DOES EDUCATION LEVEL MEDIATES THE EFFECT?

The advancement of digitalization in the modern world has expedited the shift from traditional economies to digital economies, offering both advantages and obstacles. The rapid growth of digital transactions, notably due to the emergence of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services, has sparked worries about its impact on financial management behaviors. As the usage of digital platforms like Shopee PayLater, primarily by Generation Z, continues to increase, there is a critical need to enhance financial literacy and establish self-regulation mechanisms to mitigate the potential risks of excessive consumption. This study examines the relationship found between financial literacy and self-control in financial management behavior using education level as a mediating effect. Generation Z individuals who use Buy Now Pay Later service in Indonesia, namely Shopee PayLater, were targeted as research subjects. This research shows that financial literacy, self-control, and education level each have significantly influenced financial management behavior directly. On the other hand, education level could not mediate the relationship between financial literacy and self-control on financial management behavior since the impact is insignificant. Most Generation Z individuals in Malang, Indonesia who use Shopee PayLater have a high education level, good financial literacy, self-control, and financial management behavior.

Implementing policies and predictive stochastic models to attend to borderline personality disorder crises: rationalising ssri antidepressants prescription in suicide prevention

Introduction We are facing increased suicide attempts and deliberate self-harm from persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who are also on antidepressants, multiple antidepressant prescriptions and antidepressant augmentations. Our previous observations suggest that antidepressants might increase suicide attempts in those on this medication and who have BPD. The absent response to antidepressants is due mainly to the comorbid dysthymia, cyclothymia, rumination, autism and ADHD in BPD.ObjectivesTo generate forecasting models and preventive policies to deal with BPD crises and improve the effectiveness of the UK National Healthcare Service (NHS) in suicide prevention.MethodsThe underlying analysis framework is stochastic forecasting. We used current knowledge and data to complete systematic future predictions extracted from recent trends. A logical-mathematical model generated the required expressions. The software for logic prediction and annotation was Wolfram Alpha (Wolframalpha.com). The four parameters for stochastic predictions are, BPD (A), antidepressant No. 1 (B), antidepressant No. 2 (C), and suicide attempts (D). Boolean function metrics can help analyse the impact and truth of forecast modelling with truth density.ResultsThe logic expression for suicide prediction due to liberal antidepressant prescribing is Ψ = A intersects B, intersects C, intersects D; that is,. Ψ = A ∩ B ∩ C ∩ D, which yields a Boolean truth density of 6.25%. The truth table always has a positive outcome as long as any of the factors exist except when none is present.ConclusionsThe predictive Boolean function and truth table suggest that suicide presentation is predictable if there is a prescribing of one or more antidepressants in BPD and if there is an antidepressant augmentation or dose maximisation. We speculate that SSRI antidepressants block self-regulatory mechanisms of fear of death while triggering impulses to self-harm and suicide from overstimulation of SSRI receptors. Without fear mechanisms, death by suicide is felt as not terrifying.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared