Self-rated Performance Research Articles

Rehabilitation Transition Program to Improve Community Participation Among Stroke Survivors

Interventions are needed to support the long-term needs of stroke survivors when they transition from inpatient rehabilitation to home, where they face new home and community environmental barriers. To compare the efficacy of a novel, enhanced rehabilitation transition program with attentional control to improve community participation and activity of daily living (ADL) performance and to reduce environmental barriers in the home and community after stroke. This phase 2b, parallel randomized clinical trial assessed patients 50 years or older who had experienced an acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage, were independent in ADLs before stroke, and planned to be discharged home. Patients were assessed at an inpatient rehabilitation facility in St Louis, Missouri, and their homes from January 9, 2018, to December 20, 2023. Community Participation Transition after Stroke (COMPASS), including home modifications and strategy training. The primary outcome was community participation (Reintegration to Normal Living Index). Secondary outcomes were daily activity performance (Stroke Impact Scale ADL domain and the In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation [I-HOPE] activity, performance, and satisfaction scores) and environmental barriers in the home (I-HOPE environmental barriers score). A total of 185 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [9.0] years; 105 [56.8%] male) were randomized (85 to the COMPASS group and 100 to the control group). The COMPASS and control participants experienced similar improvements in community participation by 12 months, with no significant group (mean difference, 0.3; 95% CI, -4.6 to 5.2; P = .91) or group × time interaction (between-group differences in changes over time, 1.3; 95% CI, -7.1 to 9.6; P = .76) effects. Improvements in I-HOPE performance and satisfaction scores were greater for COMPASS participants than control participants at 12 months (between-group differences in changes for performance: 0.39; 95% CI, 0.01-0.77; P = .046; satisfaction: 0.52; 95% CI, 0.08-0.96; P = .02). The COMPASS participants had greater improvements for I-HOPE environmental barriers than the control participants (P = .003 for interaction), with the largest differences at 6 months (between-group differences in changes: -15.3; 95% CI -24.4 to -6.2). In this randomized clinical trial of stroke survivors, participants in both groups experienced improvements in community participation. COMPASS participants had greater improvements in self-rated performance and satisfaction with performing daily activities as well as a greater reduction in environmental barriers than control participants. COMPASS reduced environmental barriers and improved performance of daily activities for stroke survivors as they transitioned from inpatient rehabilitation to home. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03485820.

Influence of the covid-19 pandemic on the education and academic performance of university students

Purpose: Investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the higher education through the perception of Brazilian undergraduates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1006 students of public and private universities. Data collection happened between September-December 2020 with an online questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics, use of anxiolytics/antidepressants and issues related to the course. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression (α = 5%). Results: Most students (68.7%) perceived an impact on their education and reported a high satisfaction with the course (62.2%). Age (OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96 – 0.99), residing in the northern region of the country (OR= 1.26, 95%CI: 1.06 – 1.50), enrollment at a public university (OR= 1.28, 95%CI: 1.17 – 1.40) and lower satisfaction with the course (OR= 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04 – 1.23) were associated with the perception of impact. Regarding self-rated performance in the courses, 41.7% students reported a very low/low performance. A family income of up to two times the monthly minimum wage (OR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48 – 0.97), residing in the northeastern region of the country (OR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48 – 0.97) and lower satisfaction with the course (OR= 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23 – 0.53) were associated with this outcome. Conclusions: The pandemic negatively affected two thirds of undergraduates, especially the younger, from the northern region, public universities and those less satisfied with the course. Nearly forty percent of students rated their academic performance during the pandemic as very low/low, especially those with a low family income, from the northeastern region and those less satisfied with the course.

Take Action, Recover Well? The Role of Daily Proactive Recovery Strategies for Recovery, Stress, Affect, and Next-Day Performance

Although both employee wellbeing and performance are valued by organizations, achieving them conjointly is not simple in practice. Prior studies have highlighted the role of daily experiences of recovery from work stress for employee wellbeing and performance. In a work-life characterized by pressures to intensify the pace of work, employees may increasingly use proactive efforts to shape their daily off-job time to effectively recover from stress and maintain their wellbeing and performance. Based on the integrative needs model of crafting, effort-recovery model, and conservation of resources theory as guiding frameworks, we examine whether employees’ daily proactive recovery strategies predict daily off-job and work stress, affect, and subjective work performance through enhanced recovery experiences. Daily diary measurements were collected among a sample of 377 Norwegian employees across a period of two weeks in early 2022 (from Monday to Thursday, i.e., eight measurement days in total). Results of Bayesian multilevel models showed that crafting for detachment, for relaxation, and for autonomy during off-job time negatively predicted off-job stress and negative affect through matching recovery experiences, whereas crafting for mastery positively predicted positive affect through mastery experiences. Crafting for relaxation and for autonomy were directly negatively related to next-day work stress, but these effects were not mediated by matching recovery experiences. Crafting for autonomy positively predicted next-day self-rated work performance through control experiences. Our study contributes to the literature on recovery from work by highlighting proactive recovery strategies as important initiators of daily recovery processes.

Too much of a good thing? A multilevel examination of listening to music at work.

Music listening has proliferated in the workplace, yet its effects have been overlooked, and classic investigations offer conflicting results. To advance our understanding, we draw from self-regulation and resource allocation theories to suggest that listening to music has curvilinear effects on attentional focus and performance on work tasks and that willpower belief is a key boundary condition. We test these hypotheses across three studies: a pilot study of 108 employees from a software company who took part in a 2-week experience-sampling methodology study and self-rated their music listening and performance, a laboratory study (Study 1) of 252 undergraduate students in which task attentional focus and objective performance on proofreading tasks were captured across repeated trials while listening to music, and a 3-week experience-sampling methodology study (Study 2) of 247 employees that included a within-person manipulation of music listening (little to no music vs. 1 hr longer than usual vs. 3 hr longer than usual), daily self-ratings of task attentional focus and task performance, and weekly coworker ratings of task performance. We find mixed support for our hypotheses. Time spent listening to music exhibited an inverted, U-shaped relationship with self-rated (pilot study) and objective (Study 1) task performance. Individuals with higher willpower belief maintained higher levels of task attentional focus regardless of the amount of music they listened to (Studies 1 and 2), and the curvilinear relationship of reported music listening with self-rated task performance was more pronounced for individuals who believe that willpower is limited (pilot study and Study 2). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Mutual eye gaze and vocal pitch in relation to social anxiety and depression: A virtual interaction task

BackgroundIndividuals with high social interaction anxiety (SIA) and depression often behave submissively in social settings. Few studies have simultaneously examined the associations between objectively assessed submissive behaviors and SIA or depression, despite their high comorbidity and unknown mechanisms regarding submissiveness. MethodsA sample of 45 young adults self-reported trait SIA and depression, state positive/negative affect (PA/NA) before and after a virtual social interaction. Participants engaged in a four-minute conversation with a confederate who was trained to behave neutrally. Mutual eye gaze, via eye-tracking, and vocal pitch were assessed throughout the interaction. ResultsDepression and SIA were positively correlated with NA, poorer self-rated performance, and vocal pitch. Highly socially anxious women engaged in less mutual eye gaze than highly socially anxious men. Also, vocal pitch was inversely associated with mutual eye gaze and positively related to NA and (nonsignificantly) to self-ratings of poor performance. Finally, our data partially replicated past research on the use of vocal pitch during social stress to detect social anxiety disorder. LimitationsThe current sample is relatively homogenous in educational attainment, age, and race. All research confederates were women. Future research should examine whether these archival data replicate with the latest telecommunication technologies. ConclusionOur findings highlight nuanced relationships among SIA, depression, emotions, self-perceptions, and biobehavioral indicators of submissive behavior—in response to an ambiguously negative/positive social interaction. Sex/gender may interact with these effects, emphasizing considerations for research method designs.

High-level military and sport leaders’ everyday challenges and psychological skills: A cross-contextual repeated measures study

ABSTRACT Research shows that high-level military and sport leaders share a high-stress and high-stakes leader role due to similar experiences of demanding conditions mainly manifested in psychological burden. This raises research questions about leaders’ psychological strategies to maintain their mental health and performance under demanding conditions. Thus, the current study investigated how experienced demanding conditions were related to self-rated leader performance level and mental health indicators among high-level military and sport leaders and whether the application of psychological skills by these leaders moderated these relationships. A composite questionnaire was used to collect data longitudinally, once a week for four consecutive weeks. Fifty-two Swedish high-ranking military officers and executives in elite team sport organizations completed the questionnaire. Multilevel analysis revealed no effect of demanding conditions on leader performance, but they harmed leader vitality and were associated with higher stress symptoms. Moreover, psychological skills did not moderate the relationship between demanding conditions and leader performance. However, motivational and instructional self-talk negatively moderated the relationship between demanding conditions and vitality. In contrast, emotional regulation, comprised of mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal, positively moderated vitality. Emphasizing the nuanced application of psychological skills is crucial while avoiding one-sided beliefs about their positive effects. Interventions are suggested to focus on vitality and related psychological skills to ensure leaders feel good while performing under demanding conditions. More cross-contextual leadership research, suggestively applied research, is needed to better understand the links between high-level military and sport leaders’ psychological skills, leader performance, and mental health under demanding conditions.

The Relations Among Students’ Digital Accessibility, Digital Competence, Self-Efficacy for Self-Direction in Learning and Self-Rated Performance in Engineering Virtual Laboratories

The Relations Among Students’ Digital Accessibility, Digital Competence, Self-Efficacy for Self-Direction in Learning and Self-Rated Performance in Engineering Virtual Laboratories

Introducing the diversity ecosystem: exploring the construct and its relationship to internal marketing and positive organizational outcomes

ABSTRACT Organizational leaders may announce diversity initiatives, yet often these goals are never fully realized. When organizational leaders establish diversity goals, they frequently rely on internal marketing teams to implement them. Internal Marketing’s ability to influence Diversity Outcomes and Self-Rated Employee Performance may differ due to the moderating effects of the organization’s Diversity Ecosystem. The Diversity Ecosystem is a novel construct that involves an employee’s interpretation of an organization’s openness, aspects of organizational justice and voice. The development and understanding of a Diversity Ecosystem offer a key academic research contribution and potential managerial implications for diversity efforts.

Assessing Team Performance: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Using Interprofessional in situ Simulation.

Optimizing the performance of emergency department (ED) teams impacts patient care, but the utility of current, team-based performance assessment tools to comprehensively measure this impact is underexplored. In this study we aimed to 1) evaluate ED team performance using current team-based assessment tools during an interprofessional in situ simulation and 2) identify characteristics of effective ED teams. This mixed-methods study employed case study methodology based on a constructivist paradigm. Sixty-three eligible nurses, technicians, pharmacists, and postgraduate year 2-4 emergency medicine residents at a tertiary academic ED participated in a 10-minute in situ simulation of a critically ill patient. Participants self-rated performance using the Team Performance Observation Tool (TPOT) 2.0 and completed a brief demographic form. Two raters independently reviewed simulation videos and rated performance using the TPOT 2.0, Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM), and Ottawa Crisis Resource Management Global Rating Scale (Ottawa GRS). Following simulations, we conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with in situ participants. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Eighteen team-based simulations took place between January-April 2021. Raters' scores were on the upper end of the tools for the TPOT 2.0 (R1 4.90, SD 0.17; R2 4.53, SD 0.27, IRR [inter-rater reliability] 0.47), TEAM (R1 3.89, SD 0.19; R2 3.58, SD 0.39, IRR 0.73), and Ottawa GRS (R1 6.6, SD 0.56; R2 6.2, SD 0.54, IRR 0.68). We identified six themes from our interview data: team member entrustment; interdependent energy; leadership tone; optimal communication; strategic staffing; and simulation empowering team performance. Current team performance assessment tools insufficiently discriminate among high performing teams in the ED. Emergency department-specific assessments that capture features of entrustability, interdependent energy, and leadership tone may offer a more comprehensive way to assess an individual's contribution to a team's performance.

Explaining Self-Rated Performance of Nurse Educators at Nursing and Midwifery Training College in Asante Mampong, Ghana: The role of Leader-subordinate Relationship

Explaining Self-Rated Performance of Nurse Educators at Nursing and Midwifery Training College in Asante Mampong, Ghana: The role of Leader-subordinate Relationship

The effects of VAR interventions on self-rated mental fatigue and self-rated performance of football referees

ABSTRACT Football referees are required to make numerous decisions per match under physiological and emotional strain. Within this context, VAR (video assistant referee) interventions represent a key match event in which referees’ critical decisions are challenged and thus their perceived ability to control the match might also be obscured. In this study, we investigated the effects of a VAR intervention on referees’ self-rated mental fatigue (MF) and performance. Nine elite referees completed over 2–6 real matches each (total of 44 matches) a single item of MF before the match, at half-time, and immediately after the match. Situational and performance indices were also collected. The referees’ level of MF significantly increased from pre-match to half-time to post-match, yet the referees were not completely mentally fatigued at the end of the matches. Post-match MF was higher (a medium effect) for matches with a VAR intervention (n = 9) compared with matches without an intervention (n = 35). Post-match MF correlated negatively with self-rated performance, r(44) = .35, p = .019. These findings are discussed in relation to current theory and research in the area of self-control and MF in sports. We also provide recommendations for referee training and match preparation.

The Association Between Social Determinants of Health, Risk Factors, Job Performance, and Health Care Costs in an Employed Population.

The aim of the study is to compare employees of a US school district based on their social determinants of health (SDoH). Methods: Employees ( N = 5006) were categorized into low-, medium-, or high-need SDoH tiers. Of them, n = 2469 also participated in a health risk appraisal in 2019. Subjects' average health care costs, health risk factors, and self-rated job performance were compared by SDoH tier and race. Results: Significant differences were observed among the SDoH comparison groups regarding age, gender, race, and marital status. SDoH was associated with health care costs, number of health risk factors, and self-rated job performance differently for Black and White employees. Conclusions: SDoH are complex and multifaceted. Black employees in the high-need SDoH group had higher average health care costs, lower self-rated job performance, and more average health risk factors than subjects in the lower need tiers.

Changes in self-perceived performance and satisfaction with performance of daily activities following interdisciplinary rehabilitation in people with late effects of polio.

People with late effects of polio (LEoP) may need rehabilitation to manage everyday life but knowledge of the benefits of interdisciplinary rehabilitation is limited. To evaluate changes in performance and satisfaction with performance of activities among people with LEoP following interdisciplinary rehabilitation. A pre-post retrospective study based on data on 102 participants with LEoP from a rehabilitation clinic. Changes in performance and satisfaction with performance of daily activities before and after interdisciplinary rehabilitation were assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). There were statistically significant increases in the mean performance and mean satisfaction with performance COPM scores from admission to discharge. Twenty-three percent and 19% of the participants, respectively, had improved their performance and satisfaction with performance, 25% and 26% of the participants had no changes, and 19% and 22% of the participants, respectively, rated their performance and satisfaction lower at discharge compared to admission. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation can enhance self-rated performance and satisfaction with performance of daily activities among people with LEoP. Future studies of rehabilitation for people with LEoP should use a prospective design and capture the participants' process of change related to their rehabilitation period.

Assessing the effect of cardiovascular disease on work productivity and financial loss among school teachers in Peninsular Malaysia: a nested case-control study.

School teachers may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), potentially affecting their work productivity. However, limited data exists on the impact of CVD on teachers' productivity in Malaysia. Our objectives were to assess work productivity loss (absenteeism and presenteeism) as well as to determine the associated annual monetary loss among school teachers who experienced incident CVD in Peninsular Malaysia. We adopted a nested case-control design within a cohort of school teachers. Working teachers from six states of Peninsular Malaysia, and had experienced incident CVD before a right-censored date (31st December 2021) were defined as cases. Incident CVD was operationally defined as the development of non-fatal acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, congestive cardiac failure, deep vein thrombosis or peripheral arterial disease before the censored date. Controls were working teachers who did not acquire an incident CVD before the similar right-censored date. All controls were randomly selected, with a ratio of one case to four controls, from among the working teachers in one of the states in Peninsular Malaysia. We used a shortened version of the Malay-validated World Health Organization-Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) to estimate the workplace productivity effect among teachers with incident CVD (cases). The same questionnaire was distributed to teachers in a single state of Peninsular Malaysia who did not experience incident CVD (controls). Absenteeism, presenteeism and annual monetary loss were computed based on the scoring rules in the WHO-HPQ. Analysis of covariance was performed with covariate adjustment using propensity scores. The bootstrapping method was applied to obtain better estimates of marginal mean differences, along with standard errors (SE) and appropriate effect sizes. We recruited 48 cases (baseline mean age = 42.4 years old, 54.2% females) and 192 randomly selected controls (baseline mean age = 36.2 years old, 99.0% females). The majority of the cases had ACS (73.9%). No significant difference was observed in absenteeism between cases and controls. The mean self-rated job performance score was lower for cases (7.63, SE = 0.21) compared to controls (8.60, SE = 0.10). Marginal mean scores of absolute presenteeism among cases (76.30) were lower (p<0.05, eta squared = 0.075) than controls (85.97). The marginal mean annual cost of presenteeism was higher in cases (MYR 21,237.52) compared to controls (MYR 12,089.74) (p<0.05, eta squared = 0.082). Absolute presenteeism was lower among school teachers who experienced incident CVD and the annual cost of presenteeism was substantial. Implementing supportive work strategies in school settings is recommended to increase absolute presenteeism, which can lead to a reduction in the annual cost of presenteeism among teachers experiencing incident CVD.

Coworker support amplifies strain in the COVID-19 pandemic for working parents.

The COVID-19 pandemic directly threatened our health and safety, while contradictory scientific and media reports generated uncertainty. Social information processing theory suggests that employees may have relied on their coworkers, via coworker support, to make sense of the confusion. Because previous research shows that coworker support can counterintuitively increase strain, we investigated the effects of coworker support on strain during the pandemic. Specifically, we collected data from a heterogeneous US sample of 314 working parents in May 2020 to illustrate the path from personal traits (i.e., optimism, generalized self-efficacy, and internal locus of control) to COVID-19 anxiety to workplace outcomes (i.e., self-rated performance, emotional exhaustion, and work-family conflict) in a multiphasic study design. Employees with low levels of these traits reported more COVID-19 anxiety, and in turn, more decrement to their workplace outcomes. This mediation is moderated by coworker social support, such that the indirect effect is exacerbated by coworker social support. This is consistent with social information processing theory, which states that coworker social support can unintentionally corroborate and amplify employee stress perceptions. We therefore recommend that, when faced with significant adversity, organizations provide communication training oriented toward increasing positive coworker interactions and guiding social information.

Self-reported visual symptoms and high visual demand activities in professional football players: a cross-sectional survey.

Vision is crucial for football players, impacting decision-making and athletic performance. Despite its global popularity, football lacks comprehensive evaluations of the impact of digital device use on ocular symptoms during high-demand activities. To gain knowledge about the time spent by football players in high visual demand activities, the symptoms associated with binocular vision dysfunction, and their relationship with sports performance. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 2020 using an online survey targeting football players from Portugal, England, Spain, and Saudi Arabia. The survey, distributed over 5 weeks, aimed to collect data from approximately 5,000 football players. Information on player profiles, competitive levels, vision habits, and symptoms related to binocular vision dysfunctions was collected. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) employed a 5-point Likert scale to indicate the average frequency of each symptom. Due to non-normality, non-parametric tests were used (p < 0.05). Specifically, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation tests were used as appropriate. Analyzing male professional football players (mean age: 27.4 ± 5.0 years, 95% CI, 26.7-28.1), it was found that 38.1% of the players had been called up to the national team and 6.9% had played over 50 games. Self-rated last season's performance had a mean score of 6.5 ± 2.1 (95% CI, 6.2-6.8)(on a scale of 1 to 10). Smartphone use exceeded 1 h daily for all players, with 36.0% surpassing 4 h. Visual symptoms, notably associated with smartphone use (35.5%), were observed. Regarding the CISS score, the mean was 7.1 ± 7.7 (IC95%: 6.6 to 8.8). A weak negative correlation (rho = -0.215, p = 0.003) emerged between CISS scores and self-perceived sports performance. Football players using prescription lenses had significantly higher CISS scores (11.9 ± 10.4, 95% CI, 12.3-7.7) compared to non-users (6.2 ± 6.8, 95% CI, 7.8-5.7) (p < 0.001). This study reveals that professional football players engage in high visual demand tasks, notably on smartphones. One-third of the players link smartphone use to ocular symptoms. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey indicates that 6.3% exhibit binocular vision dysfunction symptoms. Those with fewer ocular symptoms perceive that they have better sports performance than their counterparts.

Mobile device accessibility with 3D printed devices for individuals with physical disabilities

Purpose Disparities may disproportionately exist for those with disabilities when using mobile devices, which are critical for independence in activities such as socialization and leisure. Prior 3D printing studies in rehabilitation have not focused on mobile device access to everyday preferred activities. Methods This study examined user satisfaction, self-rated performance and satisfaction with daily activities while using the mobile device, and the feasibility of customized 3D printed assistive devices. The design was a one-group, quantitative pre-test to post-test study of individuals (n = 10) residing in long-term care with a physical disability due to a neurological condition. Results Satisfaction with the 3D printed device, as compared to the previously used assistive device, was significantly higher (p = 0.005), as well as improvements in self-rated daily activity performance (p = 0.016) and satisfaction (p = 0.037), with acceptability and satisfaction of the intervention. Conclusions Findings suggest that 3D printing is feasible with a potential increase in user satisfaction through a customization process that is client centred.

Subjective Wellbeing, Work Performance and Lived Experience of Zanzibari Women Entrepreneurs with Uncorrected Functional Presbyopia: A Pre-Post Mixed-Methods Study

ABSTRACT Purpose Uncorrected presbyopia has been shown to reduce Zanzibari women’s quality of life. In this mixed-methods study, we examined the subjective wellbeing and self-reported work performance among older women entrepreneurs with functional presbyopia before and shortly after correction, and how poor vision at close distance affected their daily lives. Methods Women entrepreneurs underwent eye examination to identify those with uncorrected functional presbyopia. Their subjective wellbeing and work performance were both measured in Cantril’s ladder. Ready-made glasses were then provided and 30 minutes to an hour later, their subjective wellbeing and work performance was remeasured. Twenty women entrepreneurs were interviewed to understand their lived experience with uncorrected presbyopia. Results Two-hundred-seventeen women entrepreneurs were included in the survey (mean age 51.6 years, SD 8.64). Women entrepreneurs had a mean subjective wellbeing score of 3.32 (SD 1.10) pre-correction and 5.99 (SD 1.13) post-correction (p < .001), and a mean self-rated current work performance score of 4.62 (SD 1.36) before correction and 5.47 (SD 1.35) post-correction (p < .001). One-hundred-and-ninety (87.6%) and 121 women entrepreneurs (55.8%) rated their current subjective wellbeing and work performance scores < 5, respectively. Around 1/4 of women entrepreneurs reported having severe difficulties with near tasks. Conclusion Poor vision at a close distance caused by uncorrected functional presbyopia negatively affected economic, physical and psychosocial aspects of women entrepreneurs’ lives. Subjective wellbeing and self-reported work productivity scores improved significantly shortly after presbyopia was corrected. More research with longer follow-up is needed to understand the full benefits of correcting presbyopia.

Immediate post performance judgements about cognitive performance in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: associations with test performance and subjective overall judgments regarding abilities

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study explored associations between the accuracy of post assessment judgements of cognitive performance with global self-assessments of psychosocial functioning compared to evaluations generated by observers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods: An abbreviated cognitive assessment based on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was administered to 122 individuals with schizophrenia and 113 with bipolar disorder. They provided self-estimates of their performance after each subtest. In addition, self-reports on cognition, social cognition, and everyday functioning were collected and compared to observer ratings. Results: Both groups overestimated their cognitive function, but in bipolar disorder, there was 30% shared variance between task performance and self-rated task performance (vs. 5% in schizophrenia). Significant correlations were found between self-reported everyday outcomes and both actual and self-assessed performance. In schizophrenia, immediate judgements were only related to self-rated functioning, not to observer rated functioning. In bipolar disorder, impairments in self-assessment of performance correlated with observer ratings of cognitive ability, which was not observed in schizophrenia. Conclusions: While both groups showed correlations between cognitive performance and introspective accuracy, individuals with bipolar disorder showed higher accuracy in assessing their cognitive performance and other outcomes. Notably, impairments in introspective accuracy were associated with observer-rated functioning exclusively in bipolar disorder.

Within-person personality variability in the work context: A blessing or a curse for job performance?

Only recently, the question whether within-person personality variability is a blessing or a curse for job performance has reached the agendas of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology researchers. Yet, this limited stream of research resulted in inconsistent findings, and only little understanding exists about the role of rater source and mean-level personality in this relationship. Broadly following socioanalytic theory, the present study examined the extent to which self- and other-rated within-person personality variability predicts self- and other-rated job performance, and whether this is moderated by mean-level personality. Within-person personality variability indices and job performance evaluations were obtained from an experience sampling study including N = 166 teachers, N = 95 supervisors, and N = 69 classes (including 1,354 students). Results showed that-above and beyond the effects of mean-level personality-self-rated within-person variability was positively associated with self-rated job performance, while other-rated within-person variability was negatively associated with other-ratings of performance. Many interactions with mean-level personality were found, mainly demonstrating negative effects of variability for those with a less adaptive personality profile (cf. variability as a "curse"), while showing positive effects of variability for those with a more adaptive trait profile (cf. variability as a "blessing"). Importantly, however, additional analyses provided little evidence for associations across type of rater source. These findings contribute to the field of I-O psychology by highlighting that perceptions of within-person personality variability may impact performance evaluations beyond personality traits, although its desirability seems to depend on individuals' personality trait level. Implications and limitations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).