Self-preserving Behavior Research Articles

Феномен долгожительства как фактор уровня и динамики продолжительности жизни и смертности населения

The purpose of the study is to assess the phenomenon of longevity as a particularly important component in the study of increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality. The article reveals the possibilities of increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality through research in the field of the phenomenon of longevity, self-preservation behavior and social information systems. The scientific novelty lies in substantiating the possibilities of changing demographic behavior through the prism of the study of longevity as a kind of model of natural physiological aging of the population, as well as using the system of social "programming" of the population as a special social management tool. As a result of the study, unique opportunities for changing the demographic behavior of the population have been identified, which should be used in the development of practical measures for the implementation of social and demographic policy.

Самосохранительное поведение молодежи в фокусе социологической ре-флексии

The paper analyzes the established approaches to the sociological study of self-preservative behavior through the prism of modern era conditions, in which subjectivity plays an important role in the life self-realization of young people. The conclusion is made that freedom of choice, determining the peculiarities of formation of values and behavioral attitudes in the field of health, naturally requires young people to be a demiurge of their own model of health and its preservation. At the same time, the importance of the external environment factor as objectively set also affects the formation of self-preservation behavior of young people, but with the priority positions of health self-assessment and attitude to it as a value.

An Approximate Analytical Solution for the Knudsen Number-Dependent Self-Preserving Size Distributions of Coagulating Fine Particles in the Transition Regime

An approximate analytical solution for the size distribution width of fine particles coagulating in the transition regime is derived. It is assumed that the particle size distribution can be represented by a time-dependent log-normal function, which passes through a series of quasi-self-preserving states. The solution extends a previous solution presented for the near-continuum regime to cover the whole transition regime by adopting Dahneke’s collision kernel based on the flux-matching theory. Good agreement was obtained when the new solution was compared to numerical calculations. The effective degree of homogeneity of collision kernel is defined and used for a comprehensive analysis of the Knudsen number-dependent behavior of the quasi-self-preserving size distributions. Although the new solution is valid for the whole particle size range from the free-molecule regime (Knudsen number larger than ~50) through the transition regime (Knudsen number between ~1 and ~50) to the continuum regime (Knudsen number smaller than ~1), it is practically applicable in the transition regime because the self-preserving behavior in the continuum regime or in the free-molecule regime had previously been investigated and understood well.

Здоровый образ жизни: позиция студентов

Analyzes are factors that negatively affect the health (physical, mental, moral, social, etc.) of students. The author conducted a study in the leading universities of the Yaroslavl region. It was found that the majority of students have superficial ideas about a healthy lifestyle, which does not allow them to adhere to its principles. It has been proven that girls pay more attention to their health. Regardless of gender characteristics, distance learning led many students to a violation of the diet, sleep, and a sharp decrease in physical activity. Despite the fact that when polling to identify terminal values (life values), almost all respondents put health first, students are dominated by an irresponsible attitude towards their health. Students from families who belong to high resource groups (parents have a higher education, high position, wealthy, etc.), self-preservation behavior is more developed than students who belong to low resource groups (low level of parental education, lack of regular income etc.). It was found that students from families who belong to low-resource groups are characterized by self-destructive behavior (smoking, drug use, alcohol, etc.) to a greater extent than students from families who belong to high-resource and medium-resource groups. The study showed that the management of universities pays considerable attention to the complex development of the physical and mental qualities of students, taking into account their interests in certain sports and systems of physical training. Measures are proposed to increase the interest of young people in physical improvement, to reveal the value of a responsible attitude to their health.

Predicting rocker shoe parameters for reducing plantar pressure using machine learning methods

The formation and evolution of quadruple synthetic jets issuing into quiescent air are experimentally investigated. Four different configurations (monopole-like, dipole-like, quadrupole-like and 90-degrees-circularly-shifted-jets) have been studied by varying the phase lags between the ejection strokes of the four jets, at constant values of the source Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, equal to 4000 and 0.2, respectively. For each configuration instantaneous three-component in-plane velocity fields in the most relevant streamwise planes are measured with stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The evolution of the turbulent jet flow is analyzed by the velocity field triple decomposition, thus separating the time-averaged component from the forced periodic oscillation and the turbulent fluctuation. It is observed that the near region of the flow domain is dominated by the formation and advection of large-scale coherent vortex structures, which are originated by the interaction of the vortex rings inherent to the single synthetic jets. The vortex dynamics is captured by phase-averaged measurements and its role in determining the flow field structure of each of the investigated configurations is widely discussed. The vortex structures are observed to lose their coherence and break down into turbulence while propagating downstream. The decay of the large-scale coherent motions is accompanied by the establishment of a self-preserving behavior of both the mean flow and turbulent quantities. Nevertheless, it is shown that the far-field topology depends critically on the source conditions and near-field evolution.

GENDER VARIATIONS IN ELF-PRESERVING BEHAVIOR DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG THE STUDENTS IN SARATOV

Introduction: The role of human behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic is of paramount importance to control the epidemic. However, this issue has been little studied in Russia, particularly among the students. Aim: To study gender aspects of the attitude of students to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as their self-preserving behavior patterns. Methods: A pilot questionnaire survey in a simple random sample of 216 students aged 17-25 years (36.1 % men) living in Saratov was performed in November 2020. was Categorical variabes were compared using Pearson's cho-squared test. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 17.0 software. Results: The value of health was greater among the women than among the men. Women were more likely to report adhering to preventive measures. The proportion of women regularly using antiseptics was 57.4 % vs. 42.1% in men. The proportion of those who were not cautious about their behavior during the pandemic was 10.3 % among the men compared to only 2.2 % among the women. As many as 16.7 % of the men and 8.7 % of the women (p = 0.08) were so-called COVID-19 skeptics, who considered the risks to be exaggerated and denied the pandemic reporting that it was a phenomenon propagated by the media. Statisitically significant gender differences were observed for fears regarding potential shortage of medicines and personal protective equipment (p = 0.01), as well as in the proportion of those who were not afraid of anything (p = 0,01). Significant gender differences were also observed for the regular use of antiseptics, reflecting the readiness to take anti-epidemic measures (p = 0.01). Concluzion: Models of self-preserving behavior of students during the COVID-19 pandemic and gender differences in social fears as well aspeculiarities of the subjective attitude towards anti-epidemic measures should be taken into account when developing measures to protect the population during the pandemic.

Self-Preserving Behavior of Families Planning to Have a Child

Self-Preserving Behavior of Families Planning to Have a Child

Demographic Development of Russia in the 20th‒21st Centuries: Historical and Geopolitical Dimensions.

Features of demographic development in Russia from the 1940s to 2020 are retrospectively considered. The stages of the country’s demographic development are analyzed, including the contribution of various components to the demographic dynamics in certain historical periods. The idea of distinguishing two waves of depopulation is proposed, and it is argued that the second wave of depopulation in Russia is provoked not only by negative modern trends, but is also associated with the historical features of the demographic development of the country, namely, with the age structure of the population, deformed under the influence of various historical events, or with “demographic pitfalls,” often referred to in the literature. The contribution of supermortality to depopulation in the 1990s, called the shock stage of Russia’s demographic development, is highlighted. The features of the second wave of depopulation are noted, which are associated with a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age and a new round of increase in mortality due to COVID-19. A systematic approach to neutralizing the second wave of depopulation is substantiated on the basis of a comprehensive national demographic program, including a system of measures to create conditions for the birth and upbringing of children, support families with children, develop self-preserving behavior, reduce mortality, increase life expectancy, reduce emigration, and attract migrants of the necessary categories to Russia.

SELF-PRESERVATION ATTITUDES OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Purpose. The study is aimed at the analysis of the fundamental structure, functions and self-preservation attitudes and manifestations in the behavior of youth and adolescents in human ecology-aware contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Background. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has come up an insufficient psychological readiness of young people of many countries, including the Russian Federation, for self-preserving behavior under the threat of an infectious disease with high virulence. The results of the study make it possible to assess the possible risks and develop preventive measures for correcting the social orientation of youth and adolescents towards maintaining health among individuals and social groups of young people.
 Study Design. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the cognitive, conative (stimulating) and emotional components of the self-preservation attitudes of adolescents and youth. It is shown how the latent dysfunction of the attitude towards maintaining health and impaired self-preservation behavior in the relatively safe period, manifests itself as a predisposition to the behavior that poses a threat to human health and survival during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparative analysis of the structure, functions and phenomena of self-preservation attitudes of young people before and during the pandemic has been made based on empirical studies of the authors conducted in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation within the period of 2010–2019.
 Participants. 600 respondents in the city of Kaliningrad and the Kaliningrad region were examined during the period of 10 years (2010–2019). They comprised secondary school children aged 12–16 (20%), and men (34%) and women (46%) being university and college students majoring in humanitarian and technical fields of study aged 18–24.
 Methods. The authorial methodology “The Readiness for Self-Preservation Behavior” in comparison with the data analysis within the contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic which were available to access from the Internet, open global media sources, public records, and the official sources.
 Results. The dysfunction and weakness of the self-preserving attitude is caused by the low level and inconsistency of the cognitive, conative (behavioral), emotional and evaluative components in the structure of the self-preserving attitude settings for different spheres of life in adolescents and students in the Kaliningrad region, as well as a lack of behavioral experience that strengthens the psychological disorientation of young people in the field of health preservation.
 Findings. The low psychological readiness of young people to maintain health and display human the self-preserving behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic was manifested by irrelevant behavioral phenomena: the neglect of protective equipment and hygiene measures, as well as the open and veiled resistance to the self-isolation regime.

Internet education in the sphere of medicine and the attitude of Russians to their health and vaccination

The article reviews the forms of medical enlightenment in social networks that are in demand by the population of modern Russia. The authors' attempt to analyse the online medical discourse was supplemented by surveys that revealed important topics about health for Russians. The results of 2 sociological studies (2018-2019) on the phenomenon of medical education are considered. In the first study, in the course of a representative survey on two samples (heterogeneous by age and youth), the respondents' need for knowledge about health and medicine was revealed. On the subject of vaccination, an analysis of unstructured social media data is provided. The second study showed that more than half of the respondents prefer self-medication, but almost 2/3 undergo medical examination once every 3 years. Traditions and the way of life in parents’ family, as well as habits in one's own family, have a positive effect on the attitudes of self-preserving behaviour. The studies performed confirm the assumption that the social network media environment can be a platform for preventive state educational policy in the field of health-saving practices and self-preservation behaviour of the population of Russia.

The practices of self-preserving behavior of Russians: The results of the All-Russian sociological survey "The Demographic Self-Feeling of Russia"

Actually, one of the world trends in social policy in the field of health care is self-preserving behavior of population as readiness of each member of society to take responsibility for maintenance of one's own health and prolongation of life activity. The value of health becomes not only human, personally significant, but also social capital, without which it is impossible to achieve high indices of social development, as well as ensuring national security of the state. The measures of public policy of the Russian Federation are targeted to developing culture of self-preserving behavior of Russians, that is reflected in the national projects "Health care" and "Demography". To assess the self-preserving behavior of Russians, it is necessary to achieve such asks as identification of the need in longevity and the degree of its implementation in various social demographic groups; assessment of features of self-preserving behavior in the context of motives of achieving longevity; determination of the response in various social demographic groups to demographic policy targeted to preserve population health and to decrease mortality; analysis of popular practices of self-preserving behavior. The article presents the results of sociological survey on the subject "Demographic well-being of Russia", carried out by the Institute of social political research of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020-2021, in terms of the use by Russians of various practices of self-preserving behavior.

Health in the Perception of Russians and Real Medical Practices

Introduction. Maintaining and strengthening health of the population is a priority national task. Currently, this problem, in the context of changing social reality associated with the pandemic of COVID-19, is gaining special relevance. Previous studies have demonstrated that lifestyle and concern with own health have a major impact on human health status. The objective of our study was to analyze self-rated health status of Russian people and their attitude to health issues, including practical attitude to medical care and self-medication. Methods. The article is based on the results of a sociological research of behavioral practices of the population within self-preservation behavior. The main source of empirical information was the all-Russian sociological survey of the population representing various socio-demographic groups. Results. The study reveals an increase in the positive perception of own health by the population over the past two decades. At the same time, citizens suffer from a wide range of diseases naturally affecting their self-rated health status. The situation is further aggravated by unfavorable social and psychological well-being caused, inter alia, by the pandemic and related challenges. Despite an increasing demand for qualified medical care for diseases, self-medication remains widespread and may have a negative health effect attributed to the uncontrolled drug use practiced by the respondents. Health maintenance practices of the population are largely related to the income and the lack of subspecialists, especially in rural or remote areas. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate the need to improve access to medical care and medical literacy of citizens and to expand incentives for self-preservation and health promotion.

Model Pemilihan Moda dan Potensi Penggunaan Non Motorized Transport Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Tegal

This study aims to (1) determine the factors affecting the mode preference in Tegal, (2) determine the factors affecting the potential use of non-motorized transportation in Tegal, and (3) investigate the relationship model among these factors. PLS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method was used. The results revealed (1) socio-economic characteristics (KSE) with vehicle ownership indicators influenced the mode choice level, (2) socio-economic characteristic variables with vehicle ownership indicators, travel intention variable (MP) covering working, shopping, and worship indicators, and self-preservation behaviour variable during the pandemic affected the potential use of non-motorized transport [0.801 KSE; (R2= 0,647)] (3) the relationship model among variables [Socio-economy (KSE), purpose of travel (MP), and self-preservation behaviour (PMD)] was =0,280 KSE+ 0.317 MP-0.175 PMD; (R2=0,2570)

THE ATTITUDE OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: THE DYNAMICS OF IDEAS AND PRACTICES OF HEALTH-SAVING BEHAVIOR

The article examines the dynamics of the attitude of young people about the new coronavirus infection. The attitude of young people to the new coronavirus infection is formed in two types of reality: «online» and «offline». The views, assessments and knowledge of young people about the new coronavirus infection were significantly influenced by the flow of information (often fake) from various sources and, above all, the information posted on social networks. The authors conclude that the attitude to coronavirus infection from the first to the second wave has undergone significant changes and generally influenced the practices of self-preservation behavior of young people. With the expansion of knowledge and experience, understanding them from the point of view of the components of the image of health, there was a clarification of the own behavioral attitudes of young people.

Self-assessment of physical development of student youth in the process of formation of individual physical culture

Relevance. In the physical education of students during the formation of individual physical culture is relevant to the issue of self-assessment of physical development, the study of motivation to engage in various types of physical activity among students.
 The purpose of the work is to study the self-assessment of physical development and motivation in physical education among student youth in the process of formation of individual physical culture.
 Methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature and sources of the Internet; sociological methods; psychological and diagnostic methods; pedagogical methods; methods of statistical data processing. Experimental studies were conducted at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. The study involved students of 1-3 grades, 105 people (58 boys and 47 girls).
 Results. In the course of the research, priorities were established in the motives and interests of student youth during physical education classes. The level of physical conditions of students according to the results of motor tests is determined.
 The individual profile of the physical «I» of the individual is determined with the help of the test-questionnaire EM Bochenkova «Self-description of physical development», which is a modified version of the known method of A.M. Parishioners. It is established that at a low level of «self-esteem» students generally rate «coordination of movements», «endurance», «flexibility». With a low self-esteem of «sports abilities» and «physical activity», the studied students rate the «appearance» and consider themselves quite attractive. In general, the level of self-esteem on some scales increases with age («global physical self», «strength», «endurance»).
 In order to form an individual culture of students’ health, it is necessary for the participants of the educational space to master the standards of self-preserving behavior and the culture of a healthy lifestyle to increase healthy activity. It is shown that students with a high level of physical fitness have higher scores on all indicators of the scale and they have a higher overall level of self-esteem. At the same time, students with a low level of physical fitness have an inflated self-esteem in relation to "appearance".

The priority directions of forming and supporting healthy life-style in megalopolis conditions

The activities related to formation and maintenance of healthy life-style of population are to be carried out in accordance with the Strategy of prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the formation of healthy life-style of Moscow residents and to determine priority areas of its maintenance. Materials and methods. The analysis of the lifestyle of the Moscow population in conditions of actual infrastructure of urban environment was carried out as exemplified by two administrative Okrugs. According to dispenasarization data the prevalence risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases. in Moscow residents was investigated. The Results. It is demonstrated that in actual conditions, the population is be provided with recommendations concerning development of stress resistance, proper diet and physical activity enhancement using really existing integrated prevention space. The specialists involved into issues of citizens following healthy life-style in their professional activities are to rely on the results of both study of characteristics of self-preservation behavior of population and analysis of the state of prevention infrastructure in particular municipality.

Spatial development of the Russian Far East: demographic and socio-economic factors

The article presents analysis of the trends in the demographic development of the regions of the Russian Far East and the processes that directly and indirectly determine preservation of the human potential of the macroregion. Multidimensional analysis allows us to assess the objective opportunities for successful development of both the macroregion as a whole and its separate territories, including those within the framework of the current State national programs. The dynamics of population in combination with its low density and shortage of labor resources significantly affect the socio-economic development of the regions in the district. Socio-demographic indicators (migration balance, healthy life expectancy, share of citizens adhering to a healthy lifestyle) and socio-economic indicators (dynamics of monetary income / consumer spending and investment in fixed assets per capita) allowed us to identify the main trends of recent years in the development of the Far East regions. It was found out that the majority of regions belong to the most depopulating territories in Russia with critical indicators of the level of self-preservation behavior, with the current dangerous trend of migration losses (primarily in the working-age population), with low values of the life expectancy index. It is necessary to conduct a differentiated economic policy in the macroregion. The characteristics of differentiation of the situation in the macroregion, shown in the article, may contribute to development of a set of tools to deal with the situation in each region of the Far East. Since the main cause of the unfavorable demographic trends is the lag of the real living standards of the population behind the national average, the necessary measures of administrative action are: financing of social infrastructure in the macroregion; ensuring high social standards for families of professionals; providing a competitive level of education and conditions for development of the system of training and retention of personnel; effective functioning of regional economic clusters; development of small and medium-sized businesses.

Behavioural movement strategies in cyclic models

The spatial segregation of species is fundamental to ecosystem formation and stability. Behavioural strategies may determine where species are located and how their interactions change the local environment arrangement. In response to stimuli in the environment, individuals may move in a specific direction instead of walking randomly. This behaviour can be innate or learned from experience, and allow the individuals to conquer or the maintain territory, foraging or taking refuge. We study a generalisation of the spatial rock-paper-scissors model where individuals of one out of the species may perform directional movement tactics. Running a series of stochastic simulations, we investigate the effects of the behavioural tactics on the spatial pattern formation and the maintenance of the species diversity. We also explore a more realistic scenario, where not all individuals are conditioned to perform the behavioural strategy or have different levels of neighbourhood perception. Our outcomes show that self-preservation behaviour is more profitable in terms of territorial dominance, with the best result being achieved when all individuals are conditioned and have a long-range vicinity perception. On the other hand, invading is more advantageous if part of individuals is conditioned and if they have short-range neighbourhood perception. Finally, our findings reveal that the self-defence strategy is the least jeopardising to biodiversity which can help biologists to understand population dynamics in a setting where individuals may move strategically.

Человеческий капитал как ресурс самосохранительного поведения в условиях коммерциализации медицины

The research featured efficient self-preservation behavior in the context of healthcare commercialization, which affected the fundamental principles of medical service. The research objective was to study human capital assets as a resource of self-preservation behavior in the abovementioned conditions. The study involved a philosophical analysis based on the axiological approach, which made it possible to consider the ethical aspects of commercial medicine. The author also employed the structural method to study human capital as a complex structure. Human capital plays the leading role as it provides an effective implementation of self-preservation behavior in the context of healthcare commercialization. The research included an axiological analysis of the value-semantic context of the doctor-patient relationship and the ethical-axiological aspect of the phenomenon of commercial medicine. The author defines a number of indicators of human capital and defines productive self-preserving behavior in commercialized healthcare. Human capital assets turned out to be a valuable resource of self-preservation behavior in terms of health preservation. Its components could serve as performance indicators. They are basic medical literacy; effective cognitive skills in interpreting the empirical data obtained in life; adequate attitude to one’s own health, e.g. regular check-ups, healthy lifestyle, etc., as well as a sufficient well-being. Good awareness leads to effective self-preservation behavior, which is especially important in commercial healthcare.

Physical Culture and Sports Activities in Self-Preserving Behavior of Students

The purpose of the research is to identify the role of physical culture and sports activities on the practice of students’ self-preservation behavior. The materials: The research was based on an online questionnaire which was held among 2503 students in REU Plekhanov (Moscow) in October 2019 under E. V. Kargapolova leadership. The results: The most common practices of self-preservation behavior are walking outside, physical education classes and regular sports. The most preferable kinds of sports for students were football, basketball and volleyball. The less preferable were Eastern health practices. Nevertheless, only half of students were regularly engaged in physical education activities. Most of respondents consider they are able to make a set of training exercises and a rational diet. Conclusions: There are several contradictions in students’ behavior values of self-preservation and their practices of sport activities. The majority of respondents understand the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, students do not always follow these practices in their daily routine. There is a strong correlation between their health and regular sport assessment, especially. This was due to the presence of a physical education system in higher educational institutions. That’s why universities are the most important platform for sports activities.