Self-monitoring Research Articles

The impact of management program for children with diabetes in China on the glycemic control of type 1 diabetic mellitus children and factors associated with glycemic control

Objective To compare the glycemic control of different management approaches in type 1 diabetic mellitus(T1DM) children, and to evaluate the influence factors associated with glycemic control. Methods This survey included 68 T1DM children from January 2012 to December 2014 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of more than 1 year management.Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) levels were detected to assess glycemic control.Twenty-three T1DM children who participated in the World Diabetes Foundation(WDF) management program (group A) were compared with 45 T1DM children who were managed by themselves(group B). The clinical data were analyzed to explore the correlations with glycemic control. Results The HbA1c of 68 children was (8.86±2.00)%, and only 21 cases(30.9%) had optimal HbAlc(HbAlc<7.5%). The level of HbA1c of group A(7.60±1.57)% was significantly lower than that of group B[(9.40±1.91)%](t=-4.045, P=0.001). Group A had less fluctuation in blood glucose than group B, which the duration more than 3 years.Duration(F=2.277, P=0.004), frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose(F=9.375, P=0.001), diabetic education(F=3.276, P=0.002), and diabetic diet(t=-2.046, P=0.025)were associated with glycemic control. Conclusions The glycemic control of T1DM children at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University was at the medium level, most of them haven't reached the target levels.The WDF management program could significantly and continuously monitor the glycemic level.Diabetic education and more frequent self-monitoring blood glucose and diabetic diet are associated with better glycemic control. Key words: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Diabetic management; Hemoglobin A1c; Glucose control

Self-Monitoring Interventions for Students with ASD: a Meta-analysis of School-Based Research

The current study examines qualities of self-monitoring (SM) interventions for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within school settings. Despite substantial research supporting the use of SM in schools, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding the student-, intervention-, and setting-level variables that support the use of this intervention. The current study specifically examines characteristics of students with ASD that react favorably to the intervention, what procedures are necessary for implementation, and how settings within schools affect outcomes. Sixteen single subject studies were identified with 28 unique participants. Results indicate strong effects for students with ASD (overall Tau-U = .83 CI95 [.78, .78]) across a variety of behavioral targets and school settings. In terms of implementation, the current analysis found that much of this interventions effects are based four key components (e.g., selecting a target behavior, defining the target behavior, self-assessment, and self-recording). In addition, preliminary evidence shows that higher levels of student involvement lead to stronger intervention effects.

INDIV-3D. A new model for INdividual Data Integration and Visualisation using spatial coordinates.

This work describes a new three-dimensional model for the integration and visualization of comprehensive individual health-related information. The model could be used to represent longitudinal datasets corresponding to any kind of biomedical data (genome, phenome, exposome) relative to a single individual or to populations. Analogously with geographical information systems this model includes different layers at each time point, which are associated with different sets of biomedical data. Each data element represented in this model receives two angular and one linear (temporal) coordinates. This new model could be able to represent virtually any kind of biomedical data including those captured in real-time such as self-monitoring activities or other exposome-related information.

소셜 비디오 플랫폼 상에서 '나'의 개성과 '다른 사람'의 개성이 사용자의 긍정성과 소속감에 미치는 영향 - 사회적 영향이론과 자기 점검 이론 관점

최근 들어 사회적인 상호작용 방식이 동영상을 통해 정보를 주고받는 방식으로 변하고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 '나'와 '다른 사람'의 영상을 구성요소로 하는 새로운 소셜 비디오 플랫폼을 제안하고자 한다. '다른 사람'의 개성(Personality)과 '나'의 개성이 '나'에게 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고, 2가지 요소를 어떻게 나타내주어야 하는지 알아보기 위해 사회적 영향 이론(Social Impact Theory)과 자기 점검 이론(Self-Monitoring Theory)을 적용하여 영상을 시청하는 '나'의 개성과 '다른 사람'의 개성이 사용자의 긍정성과 소속감에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 그리고 이를 실증적으로 검증하기 위해 실제 소셜 비디오 플랫폼을 구축하여 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 사용자들은 자신의 영상이 화면에 제시되었을 때, 긍정성을 더 많이 느끼는 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 자신의 영상이 함께 제시되면서, 주변영상에 나타난 다른 사람들의 모습이 여성성이 높아질수록 오히려 느끼는 긍정성은 줄어드는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 다른 사람들의 모습이 남성성이 높을 때, 사용자는 소속감을 더 크게 느끼는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 새로운 소셜 비디오 플랫폼의 구성과 형태에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. Recently, the method of social interaction is transforming into a method that utilizes videos. We are suggesting a new social video platform that contains a video of 'I' and 'the other'. We studied how the appearance of 'the other' and 'I' affected the user. So we applied the Social Impact Theory and Self-Monitoring Theory. The platforms were then used to investigate how the user's positive attitude and sense of community were affected by having the user view his/her and 'the other's appearance watching the same video. As the result, users felt more positive attitude when their own appearance was shown on the screen. However, the positive attitude decreased when there were more femininity in the surrounding videos along with their own appearance. Also, when there were more masculinity in the surrounding video, the users felt a stronger sense of community. We believe this research will provide implications for developing the structure and organization of a new social video platform.

Management and analysis of fast blood glucose in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate and analyze observation and management of fast blood glucose in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus in some departments of general hospitals. Methods Study subjects, hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus, were recruited from 14 departments of a third grade class A general hospital. Their monitoring data of fast finger blood glucose from January 2013 to December 2013 was collected and analyzed. Results Total blood glucose monitoring data was collected 116 618 with 61 136 (52.4%) attaining a designated standard. Blood glucose, which was at target levels before dinner and bedtime, was better than other time periods among monitoring periods in a day with passing rate of 59.3% and 59.4%. Passing rate of fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose of after supper were the lowest, 41.8% and 48.5%. The incidence of hypoglycemia was more at night time, especially in the early hours of 4: 00-1: 00, followed by bedtime of 22: 00-23: 00 throughout the 24-hour. Prevalence of hyperglycemia in CCU, second wards of General Surgery, ICU were 55.2%, 50.0%, 47.7%. However, Prevalence of hypoglycemia in ICU, Cardiovascular Department, CCU was lower. Conclusions Monitoring and treatment process of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in non diabetic specialist should be improved. The role of multidisciplinary care in hospital should be further strengthened. Key words: Diabetes mellitus; Blood glucose self-monitoring; Hospitalized patient

PROEMINÊNCIA DA MARCA, AUTOMONITORAMENTO E TEORIA DA FUNÇÃO DE ATITUDE: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE AVALIAÇÃO DOS ANÚNCIOS

RESUMO Objetivo: Sugerimos uma interação entre a teoria da função de atitude (ajuste social ou expressão de valores), a teoria de automonitoramento e a proeminência da marca (baixa ou alta) para explicar a avaliação de anúncios por meio dos consumidores. Originalidade/lacuna/relevância/implicações: Não evidenciamos estudos que relacionassem os efeitos comportamentais da função de atitude, automonitoramento e proeminência da marca ao comportamento do consumidor, embora a literatura estrangeira nos proporcionasse poucos estudos relacionando função de atitude ou automonitoramento à visibilidade da marca, no entanto sem trazer essa relação tripla utilizada. Principais aspectos metodológicos: Lançamos três hipóteses em dois experimentos fatoriais tipo 2 × 2 × 2 entre grupos elaborados com anúncios de produtos de luxo. Síntese dos principais resultados: Os achados mostraram um efeito interativo entre a teoria da função de atitude e a proeminência da marca, e isso significa que a marca influencia as avaliações dos consumidores sobre a lealdade e a intenção de compra em anúncios com uma atitude fundamentada na expressão de valores. Os resultados indicaram uma interação entre automonitoramento e proeminência da marca. Há maiores níveis de lealdade e atitude para os anúncios sem a proeminência da marca e com baixos níveis de automonitoramento e uma interação entre função de atitude e automonitoramento para explicar o valor percebido. Principais considerações/conclusões: O campo do marketing pode fazer uso dos resultados via comunicação, anunciando produtos de alta proeminência da marca com foco na expressão de valores e para indivíduos com menor automonitoramento, objetivando maior influência da intenção.

PREVALENCIA DE FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA LA SALUD DE ESTUDIANTES ADOLESCENTES DEL LICEO JUBILAR JUAN PABLO II.

Objective: To know the factors that influence adherence from the perspective of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methodology: Qualitative study, exploratory-descriptive. We interviewed 25 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years from Montevideo and Maldonado, Uruguay. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, field interpretative notes and the review of the medical history or adolescent carnet. Results: There were factors which affect treatment adherence associated with all the pillars thereof, including psychosocial aspects of self-monitoring. Among these factors, young people highlighted the positive effect exerted by the support received from their families, friends and health team. Conclusions: Through what is told by the young could conclude that not only personal factors have an impact on adherence, but also influence those related to family, society and the environment. We could identify the main difficulties that young people perceived were those related to food.

IDECIDE: A Mobile Application for Insulin Dosing Using an Evidence Based Equation to Account for Patient Preferences.

Diabetes is a complex disease affecting 29.1 million (9.3%) US citizens [1]. It is a chronic illness that needs continual medical care and ongoing patient self-management, education, and support [2]. There is no cure for diabetes, requiring patients to conduct frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose and dosing of insulin in many cases. Evidence has shown that patients are more adherent to their diabetes management plan when they incorporate personal lifestyle choices [3]. To address the challenge of empowering patients to better manage their diabetes, we have developed a novel mobile application prototype, iDECIDE, that refines rapid-acting insulin dose calculations by incorporating two important patient variables in addition to carbohydrates consumed that are not a part of standard insulin dose calculation algorithms: exercise and alcohol intake [4, 5]. A retrospective analysis for the calibration and evaluation of iDECIDE is underway by comparing recommendations made by the application against dosing recommendations made by insulin pumps.

Self-Regulated learning processes utilized by Omani Physical Education candidates in mastering sport skills

The purpose of this study is to investigate self-regulated learning strategies and self-motivational factors used by Omani physical education candidates to master sport skills. In addition, the study highlights the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-motivational factors and gender differences of self-regulated learning processes. The research was conducted using questionnaire as a method of collecting data based on self-regulated learning theory. The questionnaire was divided into two main parts titled self-regulated learning strategies and self-motivational factors. The total participants were 113 undergraduate physical education students enrolled in the Department of Physical Education at College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University. Descriptive analysis revealed that the learning strategies mostly used by participants to learn sport skills were planning and evaluation learning strategies while reflection and self-monitoring learning strategies were the least used. In addition, the result revealed that effort strategy was the most affective variable motivating participants to learn sport skills. Furthermore, there is positive and high correlation between self-regulated learning strategies and self-motivational factors. Key words: Self-regulated learning, strategies, physical education, sports, performance, self-motivation, gender.

Technology delivered self-monitoring application to promote successful inclusion of an elementary student with autism

ABSTRACTThe ever-increasing prevalence of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is paralleled in public educational settings, including general education classrooms. Challenges with social/behavioral functioning, including limited self-management and behavior inhibition, can lead to off-task and disruptive behaviors that interfere with acquisition of academic and social skills. Without effective and efficient interventions, opportunities to participate in inclusive settings will likely be reduced. Self-monitoring (SM) is an intervention with strong evidence for increasing prosocial behaviors and decreasing challenging behaviors for students with ASD in educational settings, although the cuing mechanisms (e.g., timers, stopwatch) and tracking materials (e.g., paper, pencil) can be cumbersome and obtrusive. I-Connect is an SM application that allows for customizable prompts, recording, and data monitoring. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, utilizing an ABAB design, the functional relationship between implementation of I-Connect SM intervention and increases in on-task behavior with concurrent decreases in disruptive behavior for an elementary student with ASD in a general education classroom. Results indicate an immediate increase in on-task behavior as well as a decrease in disruptive behaviors with each introduction of I-Connect. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

A Model of Leadership Behavior in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games

Based on self-monitoring theory, this study integrates the constructs of group climate, game design, leadership self-efficacy, and leadership experiences to investigate leadership behavior in MMORPGs. The authors adopted questionnaires (138 samples) as a means to observe leadership behaviors in MMORPGs. The research results show that group climate, game design and leadership self-efficacy have a positive influence on leadership. From a theoretical viewpoint, the authors' studies confirm that leaders adjust and control their behavior according to what kind of group climate they perceive, how confidently they act as leaders and what functions are provided by the online game system. A practical implication of this study is that MMORPGs provide an opportunity for players to effectively and quickly learn leadership skills. The authors suggest that leaders who are lacking in social skills initiate social interactions with others on MMORPGs; this can help them develop leadership self-efficacy or manage their team through effective game designs.

Exercise and diabetes mellitus: optimizing performance in patients who have type 1 diabetes.

Those who have type 1 diabetes mellitus should include regular sports or recreational activities in their overall healthcare programs. Essential responsibilities of physicians who treat these patients include preparticipation clearance, education about blood glucose self-monitoring, exercise prescription, aggressive dietary and insulin management plans, identification of risk factors and potential complications, and ongoing education. Exercise has risks and benefits that must be understood so that participation yields a safe, enjoyable outcome that meshes with the patient's culture, activity goals, and lifestyle.

Efficacy analysis of family-involved diabetic self-management

A total of 216 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their family members were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. On the basis of conventional drug therapy, for intervention group, the patients and their family members were instructed to participate in health education activities and self-monitoring guidance. For control group, only patients were required to participate. The intervention continued for 12 months. Compared with control group, the intervention group significantly improved their living habits and the level of knowledge structure. The levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin improved after intervening. And there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The family members of patients had more knowledge of identifying and dealing with low blood sugar while their knowledge of medication and regular monitoring was significantly better than that of control group. And there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Family-involved diabetic management is conducive for forming diabetic self-management behaviors. Key words: Diabetes; Disease management, self care

Hearing a Voice as one’s own: Two Views of Inner Speech Self-Monitoring Deficits in Schizophrenia

Many philosophers and psychologists have sought to explain experiences of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and “inserted thoughts” in schizophrenia in terms of a failure on the part of patients to appropriately monitor their own inner speech. These self-monitoring accounts have recently been challenged by some who argue that AVHs are better explained in terms of the spontaneous activation of auditory-verbal representations. This paper defends two kinds of self-monitoring approach against the spontaneous activation account. The defense requires first making some important clarifications concerning what is at issue in the dispute between the two forms of theory. A popular but problematic self-monitoring theory is then contrasted with two more plausible conceptions of what the relevant self-monitoring deficits involve. The first appeals to deficits in the neural mechanisms that normally filter or attenuate sensory signals that are the result of one’s own actions. The second, less familiar, form of self-monitoring approach draws an important analogy between Wernicke’s aphasia and AVHs in schizophrenia. This style of self-monitoring theory pursues possible connections among AVHs, inserted thoughts, and the disorganized speech characteristic formal thought disorder (FTD).

The Effects of Self-Monitoring and Performance Feedback on the Treatment Integrity of Behavior Intervention Plan Implementation and Generalization

Accurate implementation of individualized behavior intervention plans (BIPs) is a critical aspect of evidence-based practice. Research demonstrates that neither training nor consultation is sufficient to improve and maintain high rates of treatment integrity (TI). Therefore, evaluation of ongoing support strategies is needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of self-monitoring (SM) alone and with performance feedback (PFB) as a means for improving and generalizing TI of individualized BIPs using a multiple-baseline design across teacher–student dyads. Findings illustrated idiosyncratic responding in that one teacher established and maintained high levels of TI with SM alone, two required the addition of PFB but subsequently maintained TI with SM alone, and one teacher required the combined treatment package to be successful. Generalized TI was observed across all teachers on similar plans and for students whose interfering behavior served the same function. Student behavior corresponded moderately with increases in TI.

Effect of seamless nursing model on treatment compliance and comfort among patients with maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To investigate the seamless nursing model impact on the treatment compliance and comfort in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Methods A total of 100 hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group and control group, 50 cases in each group. The seamless nursing model from the hospital to home was used in the intervention group while the routine health education was implemented to the control group. The treatment compliance and comfort in patients in two groups were respectively evaluated before and after intervention of 3 months. Results Five aspects of treatment compliance behaviors were compared between the intervention group and control group after intervention 3 months later, including reasonable diet (96.0% vs 80.0%, χ2=6.06, P<0.05), regular exercise (88.0% vs 60.0%) (χ2=10.18, P<0.01), the correct medication (92.0% vs 72.0%, χ2=6.77, P<0.01), self-monitoring (94.0% vs 72.0%, χ2=8.58, P<0.01), and self adjustment (96.0% vs 64.0%, χ2=16.10, P<0.01). Five dimensions of comfort, included physiological comfort, psychological comfort, social comfort, environment comfortable, and the overall comfort between two groups were compared. The data of intervention group were (28.15±1.28), (32.11±3.17), (25.41±3.12), (15.21±1.05), and (88.28±1.87) while the data of control group were (18.16±3.24), (22.58±3.19), (19.32±2.19), (12.21±1.48), and (72.91±1.44) (t=2.514 8, 3.796 5, 8.294 7, 5.921 8, 26.605 5, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions The application of the whole seamless nursing model can improve patient′s treatment compliance and relationship, change their bad behavior, and relieve anxiety. Thus, it can reduce the incidence of complications and greatly improve patient comfort and quality of life. Key words: Hemodialysis; Quality of life; Seamless nursing; Comfort

Factors associated with glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus on an insulin pump

To explore the factors associated with glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) on an insulin pump. A total of 108 patients aged over 18 years and on an insulin pump therapy for >6 months were selected from 16 centers of Guangdong Type 1 diabetes Translational Medicine Study. They were classified into two groups according to the (American Diabetes Association) ADA Hemoglobin A1c target (7.0%). Those reaching the target (n = 59) were compared with those failed (n = 49) using ANOVA and Logistic regression. There were 75 females and 33 males with a median age of 32.0 (25.9-40.9) years and a median disease duration of 7.9(4.2-12.3) years. Logistic regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 4.48(95%CI 1.53-13.15, P = 0.00) for total daily basal insulin dose within 0.2-0.3 units per kilogram, an OR of 1.31 (95%CI 1.05-1.63, P = 0.01) for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and an OR of 3.43 (95%CI 1.18-10.01, P = 0.02) for males. Higher frequencies of SMBG and appropriate basal insulin dose are essential for adult patients with T1D on an insulin pump.

Monitoring of Self Compacting Concrete Characteristics Development

The paper presents obtained results of self-compacting concretes with various compositions with focus on basic characteristics development. Firstly the fresh concrete properties are summed and self-compactness classes are categorised and subsequently the values of compressive strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity of hardened concretes are compared. All the stated parameters were monitored during different ages of the concrete and therefore they provide a view of its development in time. With still enlarging scale of concrete types and development of their application it is necessary to monitor common parameters which due to the application of new concepts in raw material compositions and use of higher amounts of additives may notably differ compared to applied orthodox concrete parameters.

High self-monitors' cognitive access to self-presentation-related information.

We examined whether high self-monitors cognitively process self-presentation-related information and concepts more readily than low self-monitors. Results across three studies indicate that compared to low self-monitors, high self-monitors have greater cognitive access to self-presentation-related information and concepts. High self-monitors produced more words related to self-presentation in a shorter amount of time (Study 1) and in a cognitive load condition (Study 2). In both studies, the number of words did not differ when participants took longer to create their list and when they were in a no cognitive load condition. In Study 3, high (vs. low) self-monitors showed faster reaction time to self-presentation-related concepts. In contrast, reaction time to non-self-presentation items did not differ. The findings contribute to both the theory and knowledge of self-monitoring by demonstrating that information processing related to self-presentational concepts is an important component of self-monitoring, in that such information is more cognitively accessible to high self-monitors.

Condition monitoring of Self aligning carrying idler (SAI) in belt-conveyor system using statistical features and decision tree algorithm

Self aligning carrying idler (SAI) is a key component of belt-conveyor has two main functions: power transmission, controlling the belt sway and change the direction of conveyor belt. As the SAI is found to be critical in heavy duty conveyor systems, it becomes an essential activity to monitor its smooth functioning. To ensure this, condition monitoring of SAI needs to be carried out which basically forms a classification problem. Self aligning carrying idler consists of the following components such as bearing, shaft, labyrinth seal and outer roller. The SAI was analyzed with the following cases such as SAI running at good condition (Good), SAI with bearing fault (BF), SAI with shaft fault (SF), SAI with labyrinth fault (LF) and SAI with outer roller fault (RF). From the experimental setup, the vibration signals were acquired for different conditions of SAI. Some useful features were extracted using statistical measures. The features were classified by decision tree algorithms. The classification results are presented in the conclusion part. The effort is to apply the statistical features and decision tree classifier to SAI and examine whether would it be made online.