Adolescent Self-injury Research Articles

Impact of social media on triggering nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: a comparative ambulatory assessment study

BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent and concerning behavior among adolescents, often triggered by negative interpersonal events. As social media is essential in the daily life of adolescents, gaining a better understanding of the impact of negative online events on NSSI urges and behaviors, distinct from that of real-life events, is warranted.MethodsWe recruited 25 adolescents with a history of NSSI and 25 healthy controls. Participants reported on their stress, affect, and NSSI urges four times daily over seven days using ambulatory assessment. We examined the immediate effects of negative events in real-life and on social media on these psychological outcomes.ResultsIn adolescents who engage in NSSI, negative events on social media were positively associated with perceived stress, negative affect, and NSSI urges to a greater extent than real-life negative events. However, NSSI events during the sampling period were mostly triggered by real-life events. While the frequency of social media use was generally similar between groups, those with NSSI reported experiencing more negative events on social media.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the significant impact of social media on the mental health of adolescents who engage in NSSI, possibly exacerbating stress and negative affect more than real-life events. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing online interactions to mitigate NSSI behaviors and improve adolescent mental health.Trial registrationThis study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00025905, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00025905).

Research Review: Sex differences in the clinical correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents - a systematic review.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), or 'the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue…without suicidal intent and for purposes not culturally sanctioned', is a robust predictor of future suicide-related behavior and therefore a modifiable target for suicide prevention. The prevalence of NSSI is rising in adolescents, particularly among females; however, it is unknown whether sex differences also exist in the clinical and psychosocial factors associated with NSSI. Understanding how the correlates of NSSI differ by sex is important for developing tailored treatments. This study systematically reviews sex differences in the clinical and psychosocial correlates of NSSI among adolescents. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched using the keywords 'adolescents', 'self-injury', and 'sex factors' and synonyms for English-language articles published between January 1, 2000 and May 10, 2022. We included studies that presented original data on NSSI, included adolescents ages 10-19, reported sex differences, and explicitly defined self-injury as that done without suicidal intent. Fifty-seven studies containing 54 unique samples were included. Data were summarized by sex and recorded by: (a) characteristics of NSSI, (b) clinical and psychosocial correlates of NSSI, and (c) associations with suicide. We used data on NSSI from 54 unique samples of adolescents worldwide. Males more commonly used violent methods of NSSI, such as burning, and were more likely to be physically aggressive and experience substance abuse. Females more commonly self-injured by cutting, and their NSSI was more likely to be repetitive and associated with emotional distress. In both sexes, NSSI was associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as sexual abuse/violence and bullying. NSSI was predictive of suicide in females but not males. Data from 22 countries and 352,516 participants suggest important sex differences in the clinical and psychosocial factors associated with NSSI among adolescents that future assessment and treatment strategies ought to consider.

Sleep trajectories and frequency of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: a person-oriented perspective over two years

Adolescent sleep quality and quantity is commonly linked to worse emotion regulation. One maladaptive emotion regulation strategy that is on the rise is non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which includes burning, hitting, or scratching one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of NSSI among different longitudinal trajectories of insomnia symptoms and short sleep duration to identify at-risk adolescents. We used questionnaire data collected annually (3 time points over 2 years) from a sample of Swedish adolescents (N = 1,294; Mage = 13.2 [range: 12–15 years], SD = 0.4; 46.8% girls). Adolescents answered questions about their sleep duration, symptoms of insomnia, NSSI, depressive symptoms, and demographics. Adolescents who reported persistent or increasing sleep problems over time also reported more NSSI. A notable pattern was that adolescents whose insomnia symptoms were high and increasing reported the highest frequency of NSSI, also compared to adolescents who started at the same high level of insomnia symptoms but improved over time. Therefore, measuring NSSI may help identify a risk-group for persistent sleep problems and self-injury. Because sleep disturbances, especially insomnia, and NSSI go hand-in-hand for most adolescents, sleep interventions would benefit the treatment and prevention of self-injury.

Self-harm Behaviors in Adolescents: Knowledge and Risk Assessment Skill among Novice Nursing Officers

Abstract Background: Self-harm behavior is an important public health issue that needs to be addressed by general or specialized psychiatric health services at the earliest to bring down the negative impact on individuals, the community, and society at large. Aim: The present study was adopted to assess the effectiveness of a training program for nursing officers in handling self-harm behavior among adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru. One group pretest and posttest research design was adopted. Forty consented newly recruited nursing officers who met the selection criteria were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The nurses’ knowledge and skill in assessing the risk of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents were measured using a knowledge questionnaire and risk assessment skill questionnaire, which were prepared by the researchers. The data were collected at the pre- and postintervention periods. The structured skill training program was administered in four consecutive days. Post-test was conducted 10 days after the training. Analyses were performed using the SPSS 26 version with t-test and Wilcoxon rank test to find the effectiveness of the structured skill training program. Results: Findings revealed that there were statistically significant changes in knowledge score and risk assessment skills on NSSI in adolescents among nursing officers, followed by the structured skill training program at P < 0.05 level. However, no significant association was found between sociodemographic variables with knowledge level and risk assessment skills of the nurses. Conclusion: The study findings show that a structured skill training program was effective in improving the nurses’ knowledge and skill in assessing the risk of NSSI behaviors in adolescents among nursing officers. The study has implications for nursing practice, education, research, and administration.

Bullying Victimization, Non-suicidal Self-injury, and Psychotic-like Experiences in Chinese Rural Adolescents: Exploring Transactional Associations.

Previous research has provided clues to the association between bullying victimization, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, these studies have been limited in their failure to examine both the directions of the associations and the underlying mediating mechanisms. Furthermore, there has been little investigation into the longitudinal associations among these variables in rural adolescents. This study aimed to address the aforementioned limitations by examining the bidirectional associations and the potential mediating mechanisms among bullying victimization, NSSI, and PLEs in a sample of Chinese rural adolescents. A total of 526 junior middle school students (42.6% males; average age = 14.62, SD = 1.15, age range = 12 to 16years old) from a rural county in Guangdong province, China were recruited and assessed at three time points spanning one year. Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPMs) were employed to investigate the prospective focal longitudinal associations. CLPMs revealed that notable reciprocal associations were observed between bullying victimization and NSSI, as well as between NSSI and PLEs. Moreover, PLEs at Time 1 significantly predicted bullying victimization at Time 2. Additionally, only the indirect path from Time 1 PLEs to Time 3 bullying victimization via Time 2 NSSI was significant. This study sheds light on the bidirectional associations and underlying mediating mechanisms among bullying victimization, NSSI, and PLEs in rural adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between these factors and the need for targeted interventions to address the mental health concerns in this population.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Chinese Adolescents

Studies investigating the role of supportive school environments in associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality among adolescents are lacking. To assess associations of ACEs with NSSI and suicidality among adolescents and examine the modifying role of supportive school environments in such associations. Using data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes Chinese adolescents in grades 7 through 12 from 326 schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from March to October 2024. ACEs, including individual indicators and cumulative numbers by total and categorized as threat-related and deprivation-related ACEs, were assessed. NSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts were measured using validated questionnaires. Weighted Poisson regression models were used. The modifying interaction of supportive school environments was assessed using multiplicative interactions. Among 95 549 adolescents included in this study (mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.8] years; 47 617 males [49.8%]), 45 236 individuals (47.3%) had experienced at least 1 ACE. Compared with adolescents with no ACEs, those who experienced 4 or more ACEs had an increased risk of NSSI (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.30-1.33) and suicidality (ideation: PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.39-1.42; attempts: PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.24-1.27) after adjusting for covariates, including supportive school environments. A dose-response association was observed between the number of ACEs and the risk of NSSI and suicidality (eg, NSSI: PR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05-1.06 for exposure to 1 vs 0 ACEs; PR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.10-1.11 for exposure to 2 vs 0 ACEs). The highest PRs were found for associations of threat-related ACEs (eg, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and bullying) with NSSI and suicidality (eg, exposure to ≥2 vs 0 threat-related ACEs: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.27-1.29 for NSSI; PR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.32-1.34 for ideation; PR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.17-1.19 for attempts). All individual ACE indicators were positively associated with NSSI and suicidality, with particularly high PRs for emotional abuse (eg, PR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.24-1.27 for NSSI). Additionally, supportive school environments significantly modified associations of ACEs with NSSI and suicidality (eg, interaction ratio for NSSI, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88). In this study, exposure to ACEs was associated with an increased risk of NSSI and suicidality, with particularly high increases for threat-related ACEs, independent of the interaction of supportive school environments, but supportive school environments could modify such detrimental outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing school environments to prevent NSSI and suicidality among adolescents who have experienced ACEs.

The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of depression on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and related psychological conditions in adolescents with unipolar disorder (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and to provide a basis for accurate prevention and intervention of NSSI behaviors in adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from adolescents aged 12–18 years with depressive episodes who exhibited NSSI behaviors and attended the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Huangshi City Psychiatric Specialized Hospital from 2018 to 2023. Depressive episodes were clinically diagnosed by two psychiatrists according to the ICD-10.ResultsIn terms of NSSI behavioral patterns and severity, adolescents with UD displayed more frequent behaviour of intentionally burning themselves with cigarettes and had more instances of self-inflicted suicidal thoughts that were not carried out compared to those with BD, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For psychological status, Nurses′ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) scores were significantly higher in adolescents with BD than in those with UD (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety scores and the frequency of NSSI in adolescents with BD (P < 0.05); that is, the more anxious the adolescents with BD, the lower the frequency of NSSI. The NGASR scores of adolescents with UD and BD were significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI occurrences (P < 0.05); higher NGASR scores of adolescents with UD and BD corresponded with higher frequencies of NSSI.ConclusionThe differences in NSSI behaviors between adolescents with UD and those with BD were statistically significant in terms of self-injury method and severity. Adolescents with UD experienced more severe consequences related to NSSI behaviors. Regarding psychological conditions, adolescents with BD are at a higher risk of suicide. An inverse relationship was observed between anxiety severity and the frequency of NSSI in adolescents with BD; severe anxiety was associated with lower NSSI frequency. Additionally, higher suicide risk was associated with a higher frequency of NSSI in adolescent patients with either UD or BD. Therefore, different prevention and intervention measures are needed to address NSSI behaviors in adolescents with UD and BD.

Interaction between COMT gene polymorphisms and childhood trauma in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury

To investigate the interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms and childhood trauma in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and to provide a basis for the prevention and intervention of NSSI among adolescents. A total of 84 adolescents with NSSI and 87 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Oral saliva samples were collected for genotyping of the COMT gene at rs4680 and rs165599. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Behavioral Function Assessment Scale of Non-suicidal Self-injury in Adolescents, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items were used for mental health assessment. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the main effect and interactive effect of COMT gene polymorphisms at rs4680 and rs165599 and childhood trauma on NSSI. The Johnson-Neyman technique was used to identify the regions where the moderating variables had a significant impact. The interaction between COMT gene polymorphisms at rs165599 and the subtype of emotional neglect in childhood trauma could predict NSSI in adolescents (β=0.251, t=2.329, P=0.022). As for the adolescents carrying the G/G genotype at rs165599, the high emotional neglect group had a significantly higher NSSI score than the low emotional neglect group (F=4.579, P=0.049). Adolescents carrying the G/G genotype at rs165599 of the COMT gene may have an increase in susceptibility to NSSI in case of high emotional neglect in childhood.

Exploring the longitudinal associations among fear of negative evaluation, self-disgust, and self-injury in Chinese adolescents: Disentangling between- and within-person associations.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) are widespread mental health concerns among adolescents. As fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and self-disgust are also common psychological phenomena among adolescents, existing research suggests that there may be reciprocal predictive relationships between FNE and NSSI/SI with self-disgust playing a mediating role. This study aimed to investigate the reciprocal relationships between FNE and NSSI, as well as FNE and SI, and the mediating role of self-disgust. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were employed. A total of 515 Chinese secondary school students (50.7% boys; baseline Mage = 12.31 years, SD = 0.81) completed self-report questionnaires regarding FNE, self-disgust, NSSI, and SI. The assessment was conducted in four waves, 6 months apart. The results were as follows: (1) There were bidirectional relations between FNE and NSSI through self-disgust. (2) There was a unidirectional association from FNE to SI via self-disgust. These findings have expanded the theoretical understanding of adolescent NSSI and SI, and highlighted the importance of offering personalized psychological counseling and therapy services at the intrapersonal level for adolescents.

Exploring the mediating role of self-hate in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a serious global problem among adolescents. This study aimed to explore the relationships between adverse childhood experiences, self-hate, and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. A total of 7009 adolescents participated in a survey from August 1 to December 31, 2023. The survey comprised the revised Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire, Self-Hate Scale, and Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was utilized for data entry and analysis. Spearman's correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between the variables. The bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method was used to test the significance of the mediating effect. Adverse childhood experiences, self-hate, and non-suicidal self-injury were positively correlated. Adverse childhood experiences directly affected self-injury without obvious tissue damage. Self-hate mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and self-injury without obvious tissue damage. Adverse childhood experiences directly affected self-injury with obvious tissue damage. Self-hate mediated between adverse childhood experiences and self-injury with obvious tissue damage. The data were cross-sectional, and the effects of adverse childhood experiences were not immediate. Further, because this was a subjective study, reporting bias was inevitable. Finally, future research should expand the discussion and improve the global relevance of the study. Self-hate mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and NSSI in adolescents. This study explores the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors of NSSI in adolescents and provides important evidence-based support for the prevention and intervention of NSSI in adolescents with different characteristics to maintain adolescents' physical and mental health. Given the close relationships found between adverse childhood experiences, self-hate, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents, it is crucial to address adverse childhood experiences to prevent and treat NSSI. Providing necessary psychological support and interventions can help foster positive self-awareness, enhance self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduce self-disgust, and mitigate the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences.

The role of testosterone and cortisol levels in nonsuicidal selfinjury in adolescents.

Nonsuicidal selfinjury (NSSI) is an important problem in adolescence, which is thought to serve several reinforcement functions (positive vs. negative, automatic vs. social). While the psychological mechanisms involved in NSSI are relatively well known, there is an important gap in the knowledge regarding the underlying biological mechanisms. This study examined the role of testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) in the frequency and reinforcement functions of NSSI. A total of 423 adolescents (age range = 13-17; 54.4% girls) from Basque Country (Spain) provided saliva samples to determine T and C levels and completed measures of NSSI 6 months later in 2017-2018. The results showed that T but not C was significantly associated with higher NSSI frequency and the four types of NSSI functions. In addition, C moderated the predictive association between T and NSSI for automatic negative reinforcement, such that this association was significant only when C was high. Participant sex did not moderate any association between hormones and NSSI. These preliminary results suggest that testosterone levels can affect NSSI behaviors in adolescence, thus helping to explain the increase in NSSI during this stage. Moreover, in situations in which NSSI serves to alleviate negative internal states, high levels of cortisol can be involved.

Non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents with problematic smartphone use: A one-year longitudinal study

Non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents with problematic smartphone use: A one-year longitudinal study

The Lifetime Prevalence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents With Eating Disorders-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Eating disorders (EDs) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are both phenomena with onset in adolescence. Their co-occurrence is associated with higher symptom severity and an elevated risk of suicide. In this meta-analysis, we examine the lifetime prevalence of NSSI in youth with EDs. We searched PsycInfo, PubMed and previously published systematic reviews for studies reporting on lifetime NSSI prevalence among children and adolescents (19years or younger) with an ED (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating or other specified feeding and EDs) published until June 2024. A generalized linear mixed model meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence. Meta-regressions and multivariate meta-analyses were conducted to estimate separate prevalence rates based on ED diagnosis and care frame (e.g., inpatient vs. outpatient), respectively. Fifteen studies comprising 3311 children and adolescents were included. Pooled lifetime NSSI prevalence across all ED diagnoses was 34.2% [CI: 27.5%-41.7%]. Heterogeneity was large (I2=93.8%). Lifetime NSSI prevalence rates were significantly higher for participants with bulimia nervosa (53.6%) and those with anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging type (51.9%) than for participants with anorexia nervosa restrictive type (15.8%). The small number of studies and the large heterogeneity limit the conclusiveness of this meta-analysis. Results suggest an even higher prevalence of lifetime NSSI in adolescents with an ED than in adults with an ED. The results support previous findings indicating higher prevalence rates of NSSI for EDs associated with binge eating and purging behaviours than for restrictive EDs.

Cumulative Interpersonal Risk, Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, and Suicide Attempts in Early Adolescence: Between-Person Differences and within-Person Effects.

Poor interpersonal relationships are one of the risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Previous studies have mostly focused on a single interpersonal perspective, and it remains uncertain how the cumulative interpersonal risk across time and domains interacts with NSSI and suicide. The current study employed cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to investigate the interaction among cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI, and suicide attempts at both the between-person and within-person levels, while examining sex differences in these relationships. A total of 1038 Chinese adolescents (47.0% girls; baseline Mage = 12.35 years, SD = 0.52) participated in a four-wave longitudinal survey with 6-months intervals. The results showed that at the between-person level, there were reciprocal predictive relationships between cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI and suicide attempts. At the within-person level, changes in NSSI affected changes in cumulative interpersonal risk, and suicide attempts exhibited a reciprocal relationship with cumulative interpersonal risk and NSSI, with significant sex differences observed. These findings underscore the stable and trait-like associations between cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI and suicide attempts. Given these findings, to reduce the occurrence of suicide among adolescents, it is essential to target interventions aimed tat enhancing their interpersonal adaptability.

A bibliometric analysis and visualization of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.

Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a widespread occurrence among adolescents, and this behavior can bring serious consequences. In recent years, the prevalence of NSSI continues to rise, which has attracted the attention of many researchers. But currently there is no research exploring the overall research distribution of NSSI in adolescents through quantitative analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the status of development and main research hotspots of NSSI in adolescents via bibliometric analysis. We searched the relevant studies from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023. Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer visual analysis tools, we analyzed studies from the perspectives of country, region, institution, journal, author, and keywords. A total of 2177 studies related to NSSI in adolescents were included. USA and Harvard University were the leading country and institution in this research field. Penelope Hasking was the most prolific author. Frontiers in Psychiatry and the Journal of Affective Disorders were the most productive journals. The most high-frequency keywords were 'depression', 'mental health', 'emotion regulation' and 'borderline personality disorder'. 'mindfully', 'intervention', 'self-compassion' and 'ecological momentary assessment' were the emerging keywords. Exploring the relevant factors and mechanisms of comorbidities, identifying etiology and risk/protective factors, and finding the impact of NSSI on adolescents are the hot topics. Moreover, intervention measures and interdisciplinary collaborative research for NSSI in adolescents will emerge as frontiers in the future.

Mediation of DNA methylation (cg04622888 and cg05037505) in the association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury in early adolescents.

It is unclear whether DNA methylation underlies the association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in early adolescents. We aim to explore the mediation of specific DNA methylation sites in the associations of CM and its subtypes with NSSI, following investigation on the association between specific DNA methylation sites and NSSI. A case-control study was conducted to examine 155 adolescents aged 12-14years who were identified to have engaged in NSSI and 201 controls. CM and its subtypes were evaluated by using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The EPIC 850k Bead Chip was used to discover differential methylation sites (DMSs) in the peripheral blood between 10 NSSI cases and 10 controls. Targeted pyrosequencing was employed to detect the levels of specific DMSs among the total study population, which were selected based on bioinformatics analyses and literature review. We discovered 456 DMSs between NSSI cases and controls, 219 were hypermethylated and 237 were hypomethylated. After controlling for potential confounders, CM or its subtypes, and the methylation of cg04622888 and cg05037505 were all significantly associated with NSSI (all P < 0.05). The total association of CM and its subtypes with NSSI were all significantly (all P < 0.05), with the standardized coefficient (β) ranged from 0.12 for physical neglect to 0.24 for emotional neglect and CM. Significant indirect association of physical neglect with NSSI through methylation of cg04622888 was observed and the mediating proportion was 0.14 (95%CI 0.06-0.23). Significant indirect associations of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect with NSSI through methylation of cg05037505 were also observed, and the mediating proportions were 0.09 (95%CI 0.04-0.14), 0.08 (95%CI, 0.03-0.14) and 0.19 (95%CI 0.07-0.32), respectively. Data of this study suggested thatmethylation of cg04622888 and cg05037505 were independently associated with NSSI among early adolescents, and they partially mediated the associations of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical abuse with NSSI.

How to prevent suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury? An analysis of adolescent typologies

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior in adolescence are global mental health concerns. These behaviors are often interconnected, but can also manifest independently. This study aimed to assess the predictive abilities of neuroticism, emotional competencies, and the school social climate on four typologies based on the presence of NSSI and levels of suicidal behavior. The study included 713 participants aged 11–16 years who completed questionnaires assessing suicidal behavior, NSSI, neuroticism, emotional competencies, and the school social climate. The data were analyzed using logistic regression techniques. The findings revealed that adolescents with high levels of neuroticism and emotion perception, low levels of emotion expression and regulation and an inadequate school social climate were more likely to belong to typologies characterized by NSSI and/or high suicidal behavior. This study underscores the importance of enhancing the school social climate as a crucial step toward reducing the likelihood of NSSI and suicidal behavior.

Mobile phone addiction and self-injury in adolescents with MDD: mediation by self-esteem and depression, and the failure of usage restrictions

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a significant association between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in general adolescents. However, limited research has analyzed this relationship in clinical populations, such as those with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the potential mediation mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from 2343 adolescents with MDD (77.9% females; mean age = 14.99 years, SD = 1.65). Using mediation models, we explored the roles of self-esteem and depression severity (measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9) in the relationship between MPA and NSSI. Additionally, we evaluated the associations between existing school-implemented mobile phone usage policies and levels of MPA, self-esteem, depression symptoms, and NSSI.ResultsMPA was significantly associated with NSSI, with low self-esteem and increased depression severity almost entirely mediating this effect (log-odds = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.02–0.013). Subdomains of MPA, including inability to control craving, feelings of anxiety, and productivity loss, followed similar mediation models, while the subdomain of withdrawal/escape had a partial effect mediated by depression severity. Additionally, enforced restrictions on mobile phone usage in schools did not show positive effects on related variables and even exacerbated MPA by increasing cravings and reducing productivity.ConclusionOur study suggests that MPA in adolescents with MDD may be an important risk factor for NSSI occurrence, and that reducing the negative impact of mobile phone usage on self-esteem and depressive symptoms, rather than simply restricting usage, may be crucial for effective intervention.

Effect of family functioning on self-injury in adolescents: a test of longitudinal moderated-mediation

Effect of family functioning on self-injury in adolescents: a test of longitudinal moderated-mediation

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Reducing Symptoms of Self Injury in Adolescents with Depression Major Disorder

Self injury is the behavior of self injuring in various ways regardless of whether or not there is an intention and desire to die. Self injury behavior in adolescents can have a long-term impact on adulthood. The purpose of this study is to reduce the behavior of adolescents who injure their hands with major depressive disorder using Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) techniques. To achieve this goal, CBT therapy was conducted for 3 weeks with 3 times a week. This study uses CBT theory helping clients to examine the validity of their thinking and to see how they interpret or evaluate something that happens and its effect on emotional and behavioral experiences. The subjects in this study were junior high school students. The data analysis process used visual graph techniques. The results of this study showed that CBT therapy was able to reduce self-harm behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder.