Self-help Groups Research Articles

Evaluation of a depression care model for the hill tribes: a family and community-based participatory research

BackgroundEven though, there is a particularly high prevalence of depression among individuals from the hill tribes in northern Thailand, they are unable to receive appropriate intervention due to cultural, transportation, communication, and legal barriers. Using community-based participatory research (CBPR), a depression care model was developed for the hill tribe population. The effectiveness of this model was examined using questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews.MethodsParticipants include people with depression (n = 17) who were chosen based on their mild to moderately severe depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9 scores of 5–19) and their caregivers (n = 5). The in-depth interview was conducted to distinguish the selected participants into two groups. The first group, the self-help group program, consisted of 12 participants endorsing negative thoughts about themselves and inappropriate problems solving. The second group, the family camp program, had ten participants, including five patients with family-related issues and their family members. Subjects separately participated in either the self-help or the family groups over three weeks. They completed the PHQ-9 at the beginning and end of the intervention. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Content analysis was used to examine the qualitative data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the changes in the severity of depression before and after participation in the intervention.ResultsThe depression scores on the PHQ-9 of 12 participants improved significantly (11.92 ± 1.08 vs. 3.08 ± 0.51; p = 0.002) following participation in the self-help group. Increased self-esteem and improved interpersonal relationships were reported by participants in the self-help group program during interviews. There was no significant difference in the depression scores of 10 participating in the family camp program (6.00 ± 3.83 to 5.30 ± 3.56; p = 0.161).ConclusionA model for depression care was tested in a hill tribe community, and its effectiveness was clearly observed. The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in northern Thailand to improve depression care.

Factors influencing stigma among healthcare professionals towards people who use illicit drugs in Japan: A quantitative study.

Stigma among healthcare professionals toward people who use drugs (PWUDs) must be addressed for recovery. However, research on this topic is limited in Japan, therefore we developed a brand-new scale through coproduction with PWUDs to measure stigma and conducted a survey using the developed scale to examine what influences stigma towards PWUDs in Japanese healthcare settings. Based on interviews with PWUDs and their families, we developed a survey containing 24 questions on stigma toward PWUDs. The survey was sent to healthcare professionals working in the public sector. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor construct. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analyses with each factor of the stigma questions set as a dependent variable were conducted to discover the specific contribution of each variable to professionals' stigma. The six factors suggested by the EFA showed a good fit, as confirmed by the CFA of the stigma questions. GLMM discovered that "currently providing treatment services to PWUDs," "having PWUDs close to themselves," and "experiencing violence by the client when providing treatment services" were significantly associated with higher stigma scale scores. "Experience in receiving support," "attending self-help groups," and "using peer-based recovery support with PWUDs" were significantly associated with lower stigma scale scores. The scale coproduced with local PWUDs can be a reliable tool to measure the stigma PWUDs face in Japan. Further results indicate that interaction with recovered PWUDs should be promoted.

Population-based examination of substance use disorders and treatment use among US young adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011–2019

BackgroundCompared with adults of other age groups, young adults are more likely to have substance use disorders (SUDs) but less likely to receive treatment. Untreated SUDs can lead to lethal consequences, particularly deaths related to drug overdose. ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine trends and sociodemographic differences in the prevalence and treatment use of SUDs among US young adults aged 18 to 25 in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2011–2019. MethodsBivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine annual changes in the prevalence and treatment use of SUDs, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic differences in SUD prevalence and treatment use in the pooled sample of young adults from 2011 to 2019. ResultsFrom 2011 to 2019, the overall SUD prevalence increased significantly from 5.4% to 6.2%. Cannabis use disorder was the most common SUD annually. Groups with lower prevalence of SUDs included females, young adults aged 22–25, and Hispanic, Black, and Asian participants. Across the survey years, the prevalence of treatment use fluctuated insignificantly between 10.9% and 16.9% among young adults with SUDs, and most young adults received SUD treatment in self-help groups and residential and outpatient rehabilitation facilities. Compared to White participants, treatment use was lower in Hispanic, Black, Asian participants, as well as young adults of two or more races. Young adults covered by Medicaid/CHIP were more likely to use treatment. ConclusionsThis study revealed an alarming level of unmet treatment need and significant disparities in treatment use among young adults with SUDs. To reduce barriers to treatment utilization, more coordinated efforts that leverage policy and structural changes alongside innovations to engage young adults with SUD care are needed.

Lakhpati Kisan programme: boosting the income of marginal farmers through women empowerment

Learning outcomes This case will help students to analyse and develop insights into the concepts of servant leadership; to analyse and develop insights into women’s empowerment and a process to achieve such empowerment; and to explore the social business models for scaling up. Case overview/synopsis The Lakhpati Kisan programme under the aegis of Tata Trusts focussed on empowering women marginal farmers in the tribal belts in India to significantly increase their income from 2015. Ganesh Neelam, Executive Director, Collectives for Integrated Livelihood Initiatives (CInI), a nodal agency of Tata Trusts, advocated various livelihood options in agriculture, livestock, non-timber forest resources and water conversation. Initially, CInI faced the challenge of getting the farmers to sign up for the programme due to lack of trust. CInI facilitators educated the farmers about the purpose of the initiative and the benefits they would accrue and built trust. CInI created awareness through knowledge-sharing sessions on best practices in agriculture. They formed self-help groups of farmers for decision-making and for easy access to capital. CInI established farmer producer organisations (FPOs) to bring in a business perspective among farmers. The farmers as Board members and executives ran the FPOs like commercial organisations. CInI built capabilities to create a sustainable and autonomous ecosystem that looked impressive. But still the programme was falling short of the desired target. The farmers were so far reluctant to move forward independently. Ganesh felt that the social business model that CInI had evolved needed a re-look to achieve a significant and lasting impact on the majority of the marginal farmers in India. Complexity academic level The case can be used in the organisation behaviour, human resource management courses and courses on social enterprises as part of the MBA or post-graduate management programme or in executive education programmes. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

Effect of Credit Terms on Financial Inclusion Among Self-help Group Financing in Informal Settlements in Kenya: A Case Study of Kibera Slum

Financial inclusion is a vital element of growth in any economy. It has led to the economic growth of 15 OECD and 50 non-OECD countries. Despite its relevance, the optimal rates of financial inclusion in Kenya have not been achieved. The wide gap between financial inclusion among the lowest wealth quintile at 12.67% in comparison to the rates of financial inclusion of the highest wealth quintile at 76.4% in 2021 is a huge cause of concern. Lower rates of financial inclusion among the less privileged have translated to high poverty rates, lower living standards and hampered economic growth. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of credit terms on financial inclusion among self-help group financing in informal settlements in Kenya, a case study of Kibera slum. The study was founded on the demand theory and the rational choice theory, to bring to light the relationship between credit terms and financial inclusion in informal settlements in Kenya. A descriptive research design was used and the 237 registered self-help groups in Kibera slum formed the population of the study and were studied in their entirety. The data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSSv25 then presented in form of tables and figures. Descriptive statistics was performed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics was conducted using the regression model to test the hypotheses of the study. The study established that credit terms had a positive significant effect on financial inclusion among self-help group financing in informal settlements in Kenya. According to the leaders of the self-help groups, the more favourable the credit terms offered in self-help groups, the wider the adoption of financial services by the members of the self-help groups. This study therefore recommends that financial service providers should offer financial services with credit terms tailored to suit the needs of their target market to increase affordability of financial services, thereby increasing financial inclusion.

A qualitative review on the impact of enrolment in self-help groups for persons with disabilities in rural Karnataka, India: a comparative study

Background: Self-help groups for persons with disabilities exist with a rather common objective to address problems, enhance their strengths, and improve their quality of life. Objectives were to explore the impact of self-help groups on persons with disabilities as a comparative approach among those enrolled in SHG versus those who were not enrolled in the same. Methods: A community-based, qualitative study was done among persons with disabilities in rural Karnataka with a total of 7 focus group discussions, 5 key informant interviews and 2 in depth interviews. Topic guides, recorder and sociogram were used as aids. Themes and sub-themes were formed from the transcript and a deductive analysis was done. Results: A total of 12 villages were covered and the age group of our study participants varied between 18 to 60 years with a mean age of 40.6±12.9 years. Out of the total 97 FGD participants, 36 (37%) males and 14 (14%) females were gainfully employed, out of whom, 12 (33%) males and 8 (57%) females were enrolled in SHGS. Also, 7 (58.3%) out of the 12 males and 5 (62.5%) out of the 8 females had begun their daily means of income post their enrolment in SHGs, thereby accounting for the awareness and efforts to be self-empowered. The KII and IDI were also in alignment with the different perspectives gained from the FGDs, respectively. Conclusions: Self-help groups help improve socialization, and self-esteem of individuals with disability and helps them feel empowered to lead independent lives.

Economic evaluation ofself-help group interventions forhealth inLMICs: a scoping review.

This scoping review aims to identify and critically appraise published economic evaluations of self-help group (SHG) interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that seek to improve health and potentially also non-health outcomes. Through a systematic search of MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), EMBASE Ovid, PsychINFO, EconLit (Ovid) and Global Index Medicus, we identified studies published between 2014 and 2020 that were based in LMICs, included at least a health outcome, estimated intervention costs and reported the methods used. We critically analysed whether the methods employed can meaningfully inform decisions by ministries of health and other sectors, including donors, regarding whether to fund such interventions, and prioritized the aspects of evaluations that support decision-making and cross-sectoral decision-making especially. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria. Randomized controlled trials were the most commonly used vehicle to collect data and to establish a causal effect across studies. While all studies clearly stated one or more perspectives justifying the costs and effects that are reported, few papers clearly laid out the decision context or the decision maker(s) informed by the study. The latter is required to inform which costs, effects and opportunity costs are relevant to the decision and should be included in the analysis. Costs were typically reported from the provider or health-care sector perspective although other perspectives were also employed. Four papers reported outcomes in terms of a generic measure of health. Contrary to expectation, no studies reported outcomes beyond health. Our findings suggest limitations in the extent to which published studies are able to inform decision makers around the value of implementing SHG interventions in their particular context. Funders can make better informed decisions when evidence is presented using a cross-sectoral framework.

WOMEN-ORIENTED NGO INTERVENTIONS TO BRING SOCIETAL CHANGES A CASE STUDY

ABSTRACT All organizations related to rural or urban development, whether they are Non-Governmental Organizations (Non-Governmental Organizations) or the Government, make joint efforts in various activities. Some NGOs are engaged in helping the weaker sections of society, such as small farmers and marginal farmers, agricultural workers, women and reserved castes, while others are engaged in building schools and hospitals in rural areas, better nutrition for children, health care activities, and creating families. Welfare organizations, youth and women vocational training and special programs for the elderly. The main areas of work of the NGO are differently abled, drinking water, education and literacy, children, housing, land resources, microfinance (SHG), new and renewable energy, nutrition, rural development and poverty alleviation, vocational training, water resources, womens development and empowerment. This case study explores the role and impact of an NGO focused on womens empowerment and gender equality in bringing about social change. The study offers an in-depth analysis of the intervention strategies used by the NGO, their effectiveness and the resulting changes in society. The case study highlights the importance of womens NGOs in addressing gender inequalities, promoting womens rights and promoting a more inclusive and equal society. KEYWORDS: Non Government Organization (NGO), Government Organization (GO), Women, Empowerment, Self Help Group (SHG).

Multilevel Effects of Environmental and Neighborhood Factors on Sober Living House Resident 12-Month Outcomes.

Sober living houses (SLHs) are abstinence-based environments designed for individuals in recovery to live with others in recovery. Research shows that SLHs help some individuals maintain recovery and that certain SLH-related factors may be particularly protective. Here we assess how SLH housing and neighborhood characteristics are related to abstinence and psychiatric symptoms over time. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month data were collected from 557 SLH residents. Multilevel mixed models tested associations between house and neighborhood characteristics and individual-level percent days abstinent (PDA) and the number of psychiatric symptoms (measured with the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire [PDSQ]) as outcomes. Final models adjusted for sex, age, and race/ethnicity; ratings of house characteristics; and objective measurements of neighborhood-level exposures. Both PDA and PDSQ improved significantly (ps ≤ .05) over time in both unadjusted and adjusted models. More self-help groups and fewer alcohol outlets within one mile were significantly protective for PDA, whereas walkability was significantly related to worse PDA and PDSQ (ps ≤ .05). For house-level factors, better ratings of house maintenance were related to significantly fewer psychiatric symptoms, whereas higher scores on SLH's safety measures and personal or residence identity were related to more psychiatric symptoms (ps ≤ .05). No house-level factor was significantly related to PDA. Neighborhood-level factors such as increased availability of self-help groups and fewer nearby alcohol outlets may increase abstinence among individuals living in SLHs. House-level factors related to better maintenance may also facilitate improved mental health.

The Effect of Population Level and Technology toward the Oyster Mushroom Production

The study was conducted during the year 2018-19 in Raipur and Dhamtari district of the Chhattisgarh state. The reason for selecting the districts because Front Line Demonstration of particular oyster mushroom production was conducted in these districts. The stakeholders like researchers, progressive growers, business personnel and self-help group of oyster mushroom production were selected, in this way the total 60 stakeholders were selected for the study. The data were collected by personally interview with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. A list of variables to be dealt with was prepared based on Adoption Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool which having four quadrants that were considered for analysis are as follows: (1) Relative advantage for the farming population, (2) Learnability characteristics of the innovation, (3) Population-specific influences on the ability to learn about the practice, and (4) Relative advantage of the technology [1] and collected data were classified, tabulated and analysed using descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, and percentage. Majority of respondents were oriented towards income increment and profit maximization. oyster mushroom production enterprise is coming under the 'easily trialable' category (60.00%) followed by 'moderately trialable’ category (25.00%). With regarding to ease and convenience, the results from highlights that oyster mushroom production considered under ‘small increase in ease and convenience’ category (38.33%) followed by ‘large increase in ease and convenience’ category (30.00%).

Role of Indian Women's Self-Help Groups for the Development of Community Resilience in the Agricultural and Allied Sectors

Rural women play a significant role in agriculture and related industries in our nation and are essential to the welfare of farm households. The farm women perform a huge variety of tasks every day, including farming, raising and producing livestock, gathering forest produce, etc. In addition to their typical domestic duties, they also fetch water, fodder, and firewood for the family's needs as well as for the cattle. Women make up almost half of India's human resource pool. Many of them reside in rural areas, and many of them are uneducated, destitute, and under the poverty line. In addition, rural women have less access to a variety of resources than urban women. Therefore, it is necessary to alter their ability to work, broaden their knowledge, hone their talents, and raise their economic standing.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Tanaman Hias Dengan Bahan Baku Sekam Padi Basah Lokasi Di Kelurahan Pringgokusuman

A clean environment is the dream of all Jogjakarta people. Cleanliness and beauty of the City is one of the New Programs launched by the City Government of Jogjakarta, so on this occasion we are trying to enter the RW. 03 and RW.24 Pringgokusuman Village. To help the Clean Environment Program and Activities to make compost from Rice Husk, where this activity will help reforest the Farmers' Self-Help Groups in urban areas. The target is community service, so that people can understand the importance of a clean and healthy environment, besides that the community can know how to properly care for and manage homemade fertilizer from rice husks. Implementation of this community service activity, in collaboration with IST AKPRIND. Community service activities are social activities by providing training to the community regarding the care of ornamental plants around the house by utilizing compost from rice husks by mixing or stirring them together with other ingredients. From the rice milling process, about 20-30% husk is usually obtained, bran is between 8-12% and milled rice is between 50-63% of the initial grain weight data. Husk with a high percentage can cause environmental problems. In terms of data, the chemical composition of the husk contains several important chemical elements, including moisture content: 9.02%, crude protein: 3.03%, fat: 1.18%, crude fiber: 35.68%, ash: 17.17%, Basic carbohydrates: 33.71. The chemical composition of rice husk according to DTC-IPB, Carbon (Charcoal): 1.33%, Hydrogen: 1.54%. Obviously. Keywords: Rice Husk, Ornamental Plants, Compost, Clean environment.

The Group as a Means to Restore Community in Teacher Education? Therapeutising Technologies during the “Psycho-boom” of the 1970s in Zurich

During the “psycho-boom” in the 1970s, there was a strong demand for the group as a multifaceted setting. In the sense of a therapy for “normal people”, psychologising and therapeutising technologies such as group dynamics or talk therapy were widely established in society e.g. in countercultural social movements and in pedagogical contexts. Group formats in general, such as conversational and discussion groups, as well as self-help groups and theatre or environmental groups were considered modern and conducive to pedagogical work. New technologies promised holistic help in finding the socalled true or authentic self at the individual level as well as consciousness at the collective level. It is the narrative of individual and collective processes yielding emancipatory demands. This article thus examines entanglements of psychologising and therapeutising knowledge in the context of teacher education in the Swiss canton of Zurich. Based on source materials, such as annual reports of teacher training seminars and publications by teachers, we persue the question to what extent the group was substantiated and used in psychologising and therapeutising ways in Zurich’s teacher education.

Different problems faced by members of self-help groups in rural Haryana: A sociological study

Different problems faced by members of self-help groups in rural Haryana: A sociological study

컬트적 종교의 종교2세 피해 방지대책

Cult or Cultic religious organizations are showing the evils of ruling like God’s representative by putting authority rather than equality. This is the background of “crime laundering” such as sexual violence, property theft, spiritual abuse, exploitation of labor, and violence and It is the cause of anti-democratic religious activities including prohibition of love within the community and blocking the outside world. The reality is that victims of cult religious crimes do not recognize themselves as victims or even if they do, they take care of themselves and remain silent, calling the damages they have suffered their own fault. From the perspective of believers, there is no opportunity or qualification to judge whether that the cultic leader claims is truly God’s order, and even withdrawal from cult is not free for a variety of reasons. Among the issues related to the damage of cult crimes, the protection of religious II is particularly urgent. It is difficult to see only negatively that parents attract children who lack the ability to make decisions by discriminating things on their own. However, the issue of Religious II, which is unilaterally damaged by the vaporization of parents’ faith, is urgently needed by the state in terms of religious abuse, as can be seen through media reports. Religious II has a dual victim status as a victim of cult religion and a victim of parents who are believers at the same time. Even if religious II is separated from cult religion, it is not easy to reset the relationship between parents. This study examined several cases of damage due to cult religious group, and proposed enactment of anti-cult laws and corporate tax laws, revision of child welfare laws, standards for judging cult groups, religious literacy education, critical media monitoring and self-help groups support.

자립준비청년의 자조모임 경험에 관한 포토보이스 연구 －가정위탁보호를 중심으로

자립준비청년의 자조모임 경험에 관한 포토보이스 연구 －가정위탁보호를 중심으로

Hubungan Resiliensi Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Family Caregiver Lansia Dengan Komorbiditas Di Masa Pandemi COVID 19

Background: Resilience is a human ability to adapt in the face of sadness, and the constant and significant pressures in life. Resilience in the family during the COVID-19 pandemic has certainly experienced many changes due to significant changes. If the resilience process does not go well, the impact that will arise is that it can trigger anxiety. Objective: To determine the relationship between resilience and anxiety in elderly family caregivers with comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach to determine the correlation between two variables, the independent variable resilience and the dependent variable anxiety of elderly family caregivers with comorbidities. Data collection was carried out through direct observation using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) instrument and a questionnaire. Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale (ZRAS). The sample in this study amounted to 85 respondents who were taken using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The data showed that 44 (51.8%) respondents had low levels of resilience and 44 (51.8%) respondents had moderate levels of anxiety. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between resilience and the anxiety level of elderly family caregivers with comorbidities with a p-value of 0.00 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between resilience and the anxiety level of elderly family caregivers with comorbidities. It is hoped that the family caregiver can form a self-help group that is used as a support group Keywords: COVID-19, Family Caregiver, Anxiety, Resilience

DETERMINANTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES BASED MICROENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE IN INDIA’S WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION: A NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER ANALYSIS

The natural resources-based Microenterprises are the major part of the economy of the western Himalayan region of Uttara hand, India, as the region is predominantly covered with reserved forests. The present study evaluates the performance of Microenterprises and the factors affecting it in the region using the primary data enumerated from 110 microenterprises sampled under four major categories of microenterprises, viz, agro and allied, Animal and allied, handicrafts and handlooms, and miscellaneous. The Naïve Bayes classifier approach has been applied to evaluate the performances (Loss-making, breakeven, profit-making, or high-profit making) of these microenterprises based on their performance determining factors such as ease of raw material availability, level of training received, technological advancement, and the extent of market knowledge, and also on the type of ownership and the employee's number. The Naïve Bayes classification accuracy on the training dataset was 100%, while accuracy on the test dataset ranged from 93% to 100%. The results revealed that agro-based microenterprises have a greater probability (0.67) of making a profit/high profit, while animal product-based microenterprises have a high probability of running into losses. A higher level of Market Knowledge contributes to a high probability (0.89) of making high profits. The higher level of technology and training provides greater chances/probability (0.72, 0.72) of making high profits. Self-help groups (SHGs) have shown a better probability of making profits. The study suggests promoting SHGs in the region, wider dissemination of the market knowledge (marketing strategy), and leveling up the training/technology of the microenterprise.

Professional Activism


 The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sweden accelerated the hybridisation of welfare, as volunteer organisations underwent rapid processes of professionalization and assumed growing responsibilities for the distribution of welfare services. A sense of urgency prompted by terrifying horror scenarios spread in the media and helped motivate politicians and fund-giving agencies to channel large amounts of money into volunteer organisations like RFSL (the National Union for Sexual Equality), RFSU (the Swedish Association for Sexuality Education) and Noaks Ark, as well as to the various self-help groups that emerged for HIV-positive men who had sex with men, drug users, haemophiliacs, and, to a lesser degree, sex workers. The article focus on how these volunteer organisations – old and new – interacted with the state and the public health sector, how they interacted – and came into conflict – with each other, and how the membership-oriented activities changed over time due to professionalisation and to the introduction of anti-retroviral drugs in 1996.

Financial inclusion also leads to social inclusion—myth or reality? Evidences from self-help groups led microfinance of Assam

Microfinance is globally trusted for corroborating the upliftment of the rural vulnerable poor sections. It is looked upon as a means of credit-based poverty alleviation through financial inclusion. India also witnesses the same. In India, the self-help group bank linkage programme (SHG–BLP) is architected by NABARD in 1992 as a pilot project. The programme was mainstreamed in 1996 to link unorganised with the formal financial sector. In Assam, microfinance services are made available through SHG–BLP registered under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihoods Mission. Central Assam is the epicentre of operative SHG–BLP. This backdrop motivates us to explore the contribution of SHG–BLP in financial and social inclusion of the marginalised rural people of central Assam. Two self-developed indices, viz., financial inclusion index and social exclusion index are constructed by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The impact analysis is facilitated by the Propensity Score Matching method. The study concludes that the SHG–BLP is successful in ensuring financial inclusion and simultaneously also assists in reducing social exclusion among the stakeholders.