Levels Of Self-esteem Research Articles

The Impact of Dog-Assisted Therapy Among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Animal-assisted therapies have been utilized in various profiles to improve people’s quality of life. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of dog-assisted therapies (DAT) on children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The benefits provided, the feasibility of implementation, and potential limitations are analysed. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, ERIC, PubMed, PubPsych, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Dialnet. The procedure was preregistered on PROSPERO. Results: This review included 19 scientific articles. Of these, 84% suggest that DAT has a positive impact on communication and social interaction during the development of children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. The dog is often perceived as a communication facilitator that serves as a reinforcer, capturing the individual’s attention. Emotional benefits have also been reported, including reducing stereotyped and self-harming behaviours. Additionally, an increase in smiling frequency and self-esteem levels was observed. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of DAT as a component of socio-educational intervention for children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. However, further research is necessary due to the limited sample sizes in the studies reviewed.

Impact of Brand Love on Brand Loyalty: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem and Social Influences

This study examines the impact of brand love on brand loyalty, examining the moderating roles of self-esteem and susceptibility to normative influence (SNI) within the context of consumer behavior in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan, Nepal. Utilizing a descriptive and causal comparative research design, the study employs a structured questionnaire survey, gathering primary data from 218 respondents through purposive sampling. The research aims to elucidate how brand love fosters brand loyalty and how self-esteem and social influences modulate this relationship. The findings reveal that respondents exhibit a moderate level of brand love, self-esteem, and susceptibility to normative influence, with brand loyalty also being moderately present. Correlation analysis indicates a significant, albeit weak, positive relationship between brand love and brand loyalty, suggesting that while emotional attachment to a brand enhances loyalty, other factors are also influential. SNI shows a weak positive correlation with brand loyalty, but this relationship is not statistically significant. Self- esteem, on the other hand, significantly negatively impacts brand loyalty. Regression results further highlight that brand love is a significant positive predictor of brand loyalty, whereas self-esteem negatively affects it. SNI does not significantly influence brand loyalty. These findings underscore the critical role of brand love in fostering loyalty and suggest that higher self esteem may reduce brand loyalty, potentially due to overconfidence or differing consumer priorities. The study contributes to understanding the dynamics of brand loyalty and the nuanced effects of psychological and social factors on consumer-brand relationships.

Brain fingerprint and subjective mood state across the menstrual cycle

BackgroundBrain connectome fingerprinting represents a recent and valid approach in assessing individual identifiability on the basis of the subject-specific brain functional connectome. Although this methodology has been tested and validated in several neurological diseases, its performance, reliability and reproducibility in healthy individuals has been poorly investigated. In particular, the impact of the changes in brain connectivity, induced by the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC), on the reliability of this approach remains unexplored. Furthermore, although the modifications of the psychological condition of women during the MC are widely documented, the possible link with the changes of brain connectivity has been poorly investigated.MethodsWe conducted the Clinical Connectome Fingerprint (CCF) analysis on source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography signals in a cohort of 24 women across the MC.ResultsAll the parameters of identifiability did not differ according to the MC phases. The peri-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases showed a less stable, more variable over time, brain connectome compared to the early follicular phase. This difference in brain connectome stability in the alpha band significantly predicted the self-esteem level (p-value <0.01), mood (p-value <0.01) and five (environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance) of the six dimensions of well-being (p-value <0.01, save autonomy).ConclusionThese results confirm the high reliability of the CCF as well as its independence from the MC phases. At the same time the study provides insights on changes of the brain connectome in the different phases of the MC and their possible role in affecting women’s subjective mood state across the MC. Finally, these changes in the alpha band share a predictive power on self-esteem, mood and well-being.

SELF-ESTEEM LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN BASED ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

Introduction: The level of self-esteem in pregnant women can be influenced by socioeconomic status, where socioeconomic status can be reviewed through family income. Income will help pregnant women in overcoming difficulties that may occur during pregnancy, one example is when pregnant women are required to do routine checks. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of self-esteem of pregnant women based on socioeconomic status. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design, The sample in this study amounted to 71 respondents, taken using the total sampling technique. Data collected using the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale questionnaire which has been tasted for validity and reliability, The analysis used univariate test. Result: The results obtained from this study indicate that the majority of respondents with low socioeconomic status with moderate self-esteem (52.1%), moderate socioeconomic status with moderate self-esteem (94.4%) and low socioeconomic status with high self-esteem (60%). Conclusion: Socioeconomic status is factor that can change the level of self-esteem of pregnant women.

중학생의 현실세계 학교폭력 피해 유형과 사이버폭력 피해 유형 간 전이 양상 및 심리적 특성

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause and effect transition relationship between middle school students' experiences in school violence and cyber violence, and to identify differences in psychological characteristics by type of cyber violence victims. To this end, latent transition analysis was conducted with middle school students' data collected in 2018 from a survey on the status of children and youth human rights. According to the analysis, the types of school violence victims and cyber violence victims were classified into four groups each. Forty percent of students in groups experiencing different types of school violence at high-level experience similarly violence in cyberspace. Students who have experienced sexual harassment-oriented damage in cyberspace have the highest levels of drop-out impulse, suicide impulse, depression and anxiety, and the lowest level of self-esteem and satisfaction in life. Based on these findings, implications were derived and discussed.

Self-Esteem, Body Mass Index Status and Risk of Eating Disorders among Health Sciences Students

This study aimed to ascertain the association between eating disorder risk, Body Mass Index (BMI), and self-esteem level among Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) undergraduate health sciences students at Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. The self-esteem level and eating disorder risk of 166 USM health sciences students were evaluated in this cross-sectional study using the Rosenberg's Self Esteem Score and the Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) questionnaire, respectively. Based on their self-reported height and weight, the BMI was computed. The Fisher Exact Test and Chi-Square were used to determine the associations between the self-esteem level and BMI and the risk of eating disorders, respectively. Out of the 166 students, the majority (65.1%) had self-esteem levels within the normal range, while 57.8% had normal BMI. In the meantime, it was found that 19.9% had a high chance of getting an eating disorder. This study demonstrated a substantial association (p=0.012) between self-esteem and BMI status as well as between eating disorder risk and self-esteem (p=0.002). Self-esteem has a major impact on the psychological factors influencing BMI and contributing to the development of eating disorders. Additionally, future research should consider incorporating factors like body perception and body dissatisfaction. Additional research was required to validate the existing findings.

Psychological and sexual problems among women with hysterectomy at Baghdad City

Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological operations done worldwide. Early diagnosis of the psychosexual effects of a hysterectomy and the fast application of appropriate treatment can prevent further worsening and persistence of symptoms, especially with respect to higher levels of anxiety, depression, lower self-esteem, and sexual impact after a hysterectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological and sexual problems of women with hysterectomy. A descriptive study was carried out from March 1, 2023 to May 25, 2023 to determine the level of psychosexual problems experienced by women after hysterectomy. A purposive (non-probability) sample of 120 women who visited the outpatient clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital and a private gynecological clinic was selected for the study. Data were collected using a constructed questionnaire and self-administration report process for each woman. The questionnaire was prepared by an investigator to achieve the objectives of the study, which consisted of two parts: the first part addressed demographic characteristics of women and the second part consisted of 32 items describing the psychosexual problems of women with hysterectomy. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by a panel of experts and reliability was assessed by using the statistically acceptable alpha correlation coefficient (r = 89) s. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis (frequency, percentage, mean, and mean score). The results of the study showed that women had moderate levels of anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, with the mean score being 2.33, 2.32, and 2.22, respectively, and had moderate levels of sexual problems, with the mean score being 2.39. The study concluded that psychological examination should be performed before women have a hysterectomy and support in coping after a hysterectomy is required to reduce the persistence of the psychological impact.

Are we too connected to social media? An explanatory research the problematic social media use in self-esteem, phubbing and procrastinating behaviour

ABSTRACT Indonesia is in the first position in the category of users with the highest screen time duration, which triggers problematic social media use (PSMU). Previous research has consistently proven PSMU to be related to dysfunctional behavior and harmful daily life activities, which affects academic. Therefore, this research aimed to measure the PSMU procrastination level of youths, phubbing behavior, and self-esteem. Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) was used to identify the structural relationships relevant to a multivariate dataset of 770 cross-sectional convenient samples aged 17 to 30 collected through an online questionnaire. The result obtained four hypotheses with a significant positive effect, and two negative impacts. This showed that PSMU will cause procrastination, including worse academic performance on mental and physical health. In addition, the higher the PSMU, the greater the possibility of phubbing in relation to friendship quality, and weakening communication within the family. An increase in PSMU tends to affect self-esteem leading to inferiority due to constant comparison of achievements with other social media users.

Adolescents’ Digital Technology Use, Emotional Dysregulation, and Self-Esteem: No Evidence of Same-Day Linkages

Concerns regarding the potential negative impacts of digital technology use on youth mental health and well-being are high. However, most studies have several methodological limitations: relying on cross-sectional designs and retrospective reports, assessing technology use as an omnibus construct, and focusing on between- instead of within-person comparisons. This study addresses these limitations by prospectively following young adolescents (n = 388) over a 14-day ecological momentary assessment study to test whether adolescents’ digital technology use is linked with self-reported emotional dysregulation and self-esteem and whether these relationships are stronger for adolescent girls than boys. We found no evidence that adolescents experienced higher emotional dysregulation (b = − .02; p = .07) and lower self-esteem (b = .004; p = .32) than they normally do on days where they use more technology than they normally do (within-person). Adolescents with higher average daily technology use over the study period did not experience lower levels of self-esteem (between-person, b = − .02; p = .13). Adolescents with higher average daily technology use across the two-week period did report higher levels of emotional dysregulation (p = .01), albeit the between-person relation was small (b = .08). There was no evidence that gender moderated the associations, both between and within adolescents (bs = − .02–.13, p = .06 − .55). Our findings contribute to the growing counter-narrative that technology use does not have as large of an impact on adolescents’ mental health and well-being as the public is concerned about.

Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery: Client Perspectives

Background: In the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of cosmetic procedures performed globally. About one-third of individuals who undergo cosmetic procedures are under the age of 35 years. Several factors can influence acceptance of cosmetic surgery including media, religion, and individual factors among others. Objective: The objective of this current study is to investigate the motivations behind individuals choosing to undergo cosmetic surgery. Material and methods: This study was a cross-sectional single-center, conducted to assess the attitudes and acceptance of cosmetic surgery among attendees at Cosmetic and beauty centres in the city of Mosul, Iraq between September -November of 2022. All patients at the plastic surgery clinics were given a questionnaire that they were instructed to fill out in their own time. The likelihood of having cosmetic surgery scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the life happiness scale, and the physical attractiveness scale were used to measure the correlation between these variables and other factors. With a p-value of less than 0.05, the results might be considered reliable. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the investigation of correlations (r). Results: The mean age was 31.47 years, the standard deviation was 2.8, the range of ages was 15-52 years, and the median age was 29.89 years. There was an insignificant weak positive connection between participants' self-esteem and their acceptance of cosmetic surgery (r=0.052) Conclusion: Lower levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction, greater exposure to cosmetic surgery in the media (especially television), increased time spent in front of the TV, and religious affiliation were all found to be significant predictors of future use of cosmetic surgery in the current study.

Emotions of Russians in 2014–2024

The article presents the results of analyzing data from the 2014–24 all-Russian public opinion polls on 16 emotions experienced personally and observed in others. The hierarchy and dynamics of mean values of positive and negative emotion indices were investigated. Changes in distinct emotions in 2020–24 were assessed using regression analysis. It has been found that pride and other self-esteem emotions are well expressed in the Russian emotional climate, both in self-reports and in responses about other peoples feelings. In 2014–22, national pride was inferior to collective resentment in the hierarchy of emotions; subsequently, the ratio reversed. In 2020–21, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant exacerbation of negative emotions, such as frustration, antagonistic feelings, and fatigue. Particularly significant was the increase in negativity observed by respondents in their social environment. Contrary to our expectations, the polling data for 2022–24 did not reflect a surge of negative emotions in connection with Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. Frustration levels rose briefly in the spring of 2022; new spikes weren’t recorded thereafter. Mentions of depression and antagonistic emotions have become significantly rarer in this period; positive emotions increased dramatically and began to dominate over negative ones. Psychological arousal is mainly related to the strengthening of collective self-esteem. Secondary trends indicate psychological and moral discomfort of a small part of Russians at this time. Survey data indicate an increased level of collective shame and confusion recognized in other people. One more feature is the reduced level of individual self-esteem.

Perceived level of assertiveness and self-esteem of nurse interns in Enugu Nigeria

BackgroundAssertiveness and high self esteem form the most important behavioural skills for nurses in the workplace, especially to build effective team relationships and to provide quality nursing care. Material and methodsA descriptive cross-sectional study involving ninety-two (92) interns employed in tertiary institutions. Two standardised instruments were used for data collection: Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsMajority of the interns have moderate level of self-esteem (55.5). Findings revealed highest scores on self-esteemitems; they felt that they had a number of good qualities (3.5 ± 0.8); felt satisfied with themselves (3.5 ± 0.7); could do things as well as most other people (3.4 ± 0.8). Level of assertiveness of the respondents was low 22.2. Non-assertiveness was observed in stating that peopletook advantage of them (−0.4 ± 2.2); avoid hurting other people’s feelings even when they feel injured (2.0 ± 1.8); not been able to say anything at times (1.8 ± 1.9) and avoiding asking questions for fear of sounding stupid (1.8 ± 2.3). There was no significant association between the level of self-esteem of the nurse interns and their level of assertiveness (x2 = 0.073 and P = 0.787). ConclusionNurse interns in Nigeria currently have relative low level of assertiveness, however their level of self esteem is moderately high. Improving these behavioural skills will improve the quality of care rendered by interns therefore these conceptsshould constitute an integral part of the basic undergraduate nursing courses.

Relación entre autoestima, ansiedad y motivación matemáticas en estudiantes de precálculo

This research was focused on exploring the relationship between self-esteem, anxiety and mathematical motivation in precalculus students of the Metropolitan Campus of the Latin American University of Science and Technology (ULACIT in Spanish), during the first quarter of 2024. Possible differences in terms of gender and area of study were analyzed for each of the variables. The methodological approach adopted was of a quantitative descriptive-correlational nature. The sample consisted of 374 pre-calculus students. To carry out the analysis of the hypotheses proposed, Student’s t and Pearson’s correlation statistical techniques were used. The findings revealed that males showed higher levels of anxiety and lower motivation towards mathematics than females. No significant differences in anxiety, mathematical motivation, and self-esteem were identified according to the area of study. A correlation was observed between the variables: as mathematics anxiety decreased, self-esteem and motivation towards the subject increased. In addition, an increment in mathematical motivation was related to an increase in self-esteem. The study showed that 22.46% of the students presented high levels of mathematical anxiety, while more than 55% showed high levels of self-esteem and mathematical motivation.

PRESERVING PERSONAL ECOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUPPORT OF HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

The problem of supporting individual psychological health under current conditions is relevant and signifi cant to consider. It is necessary to take into account the determinants of subjective well-being, resources to support the optimal state of personality ecology. The methodological and theoretical basis for the analysis of genesis, structure, factors for preserving human ecology and psychological health was the ideas and principles of the system-activity approach, as well as foreign and Russian theories of psychological health, revealing the essence, content and structure of this concept, functions and specifi cs of the development of this state. The structural components of the phenomenon of psychological health (axiological, instrumental, need-motivational) and the diagnosed signs of each of them (self-esteem, social tolerance, sense of personal security; stress resistance, social adaptation, psychological adaptability; acceptance of the values of a self-actualizing person, the need for self-realization, active social contacts) are described. Testing, analysis, methods of mathematical statistics were used as methods.  students of Armavir State Pedagogical University took part in the diagnostic examination. According to the diagnostic results, the following data were obtained. The level of self-esteem: overestimated – % ( people), adequate – % ( people). The results of the diagnostics showed the tendency of students to overestimate their abilities and overestimate themselves. The level of sociability: high – % ( people), average – % ( people), low – % ( people). A high level of sociability is one of the professionally important qualities of a teacher’s personality and one of the parameters for a successful adaptation process to the new social environment at a university. The results of the study expand scientifi c ideas on the indicators of human psychological health, form the theoretical basis for managing the processes of its preservation and strengthening.

Exploring Self-Esteem and Resilience among Orphanage and Non- Orphanage Adolescence

The current study explores self-Esteem and resilience among orphanage and non- orphanage adolescence. This paper employed a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 300 participants, comprising 150 orphans and 150 non-orphans. Both and male and female respondents were covered in a study surveyed across Heera University Baghra, Khubaib School and College for Orphans, GPGC for women Haripur, NRTC Public School, Learning Will School and College and Welfare Public School of Orphans. Two reliable instruments were utilized to collect participants' responses: Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The analysis, performed utilizing SPSS software, designated that there exists a statistically significant positive correlation between resilience and self-esteem in the adolescent population. Furthermore, there exists a noteworthy disparity in self-esteem levels between orphans and non-orphans, with orphans demonstrating diminished self-esteem in comparison to their non-orphan counterparts. In a similar vein, a significant difference in resilience was observed between orphans and non-orphans, with orphans markedly exhibiting lower levels of resilience. Additionally, a significant variation in resilience was noted across genders, as male adolescents displayed elevated levels of resilience and self-esteem compared to their female counterparts. Likewise, a significant difference in self-the perception of self-worth varies between genders, as empirical data indicates that males exhibit elevated levels of self-esteem in comparison to females. Furthermore, noteworthy disparities in self-esteem are observed among different age cohorts, with evidence suggesting that self-esteem generally enhances as individuals age.

Validation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in Military Personnel of the Spanish Army (RSES-JGA).

Self-esteem is a psychological term that, since its emergence in 1890 with William James, has been widely studied. Furthermore, this construct has been examined in different areas of psychology, including the clinical field, where its relationship with mental health and low levels of depression has been demonstrated. In the realm of positive psychology, its connection to resilience and life satisfaction has also been established. Evaluating self-esteem in military personnel is essential, as healthy self-esteem can enhance resilience, improve performance, and promote emotional well-being. To evaluate validity based on internal structure from the perspective of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT), to obtain evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables, and to estimate the reliability of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). To this end, 584 military personnel from the three ranks of the Spanish Army (officers, non-commissioned officers, and professional soldiers and sailors) were evaluated, of which 511 were men (87.70%) and 72 were women (12.30%), with an age range of 18 to 66 years (M = 33.17, SD = 7.38). The results indicate that the unidimensional structure of the RSES shows adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.05), while the difficulty and discrimination parameters exhibited favorable values. Additionally, an acceptable reliability value was found (ɷ = 0.81; α = 0.80). Therefore, it is concluded that the RSES-JGA presents adequate psychometric properties of validity and reliability, making it a useful and relevant instrument for measuring self-esteem in military personnel of the Spanish Army. This will make it possible to measure the level of self-esteem in military personnel, i.e., the set of perceptions, thoughts, evaluations, feelings, and behavioral tendencies directed towards oneself, one's own way of being, and towards one's own body and character traits.

Inclusive School Policies and Practices and the Well-Being of LGBTQ + Students in Portugal

Abstract Introduction The school context can be particularly problematic for youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer or who hold other sexual and gender-minoritized identities (LGBTQ +). To address this issue, LGBTQ + inclusive policies and practices have been implemented in many schools around the world. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 989 LGBTQ + and cisheterosexual high school students residing in Portugal completed an anonymous online survey in 2020/21. Participants were asked about their perceptions of LGBTQ + inclusive policies and practices in their school, namely, an inclusive curriculum, comprehensive policies, and information and support regarding sexual orientation and gender identity in their school. We further examined associations between these perceptions and LGBTQ + student well-being (depression, resilience, and self-esteem). Results Perceptions of the existence of an inclusive school curriculum were lower among LGBTQ + students compared to their cisheterosexual peers. In addition, LGBTQ + students who perceived the curriculum as less inclusive were more likely to report higher levels of depression and lower levels of resilience and self-esteem. Conclusions The findings suggest that LGBTQ + students perceive the school curriculum to be less inclusive, and this is associated with poorer well-being. Policy Implications Concrete policies and practices that improve school climate and promote the well-being of LGBTQ + students are paramount. These may include awareness-raising activities for students and discussion of LGBTQ + issues in the classroom. Therefore, cultural competency training for school staff is essential.

Assessment of the association between aesthetic products and perceived product quality: an analysis of customer attitudes

PurposeThis paper aims to high vs. low aesthetic designed products, investigating how perceived quality acts as a mediator between aesthetic design and product attitude. The authors test how different individuals, such as minimalists vs. maximalists, hedonists vs. utilitarians and self-esteem levels, modify this relationship.Design/methodology/approachSeven hypotheses and a research framework model were developed. Three studies were conducted using the PROCESS Macro V4.3 for analysis, with the results subsequently discussed. A finalized research framework is presented.FindingsThe authors observed that aesthetically pleasing designs positively influence consumer attitudes towards products. Hedonism versus utilitarianism and self-esteem are essential components within the indirect pathway, connecting aesthetic design to perceived quality and subsequently to product attitude, while minimalism directly affects the relationship between aesthetic design and product attitude.Practical implicationsMarketers must comprehend diverse consumer preferences and traits for business success. Perceived quality, distinct from actual quality, strongly shapes pre-purchase product attitudes. Therefore, aligning design with perceived quality is crucial.Originality/valueThis study provides valuable insights into how individual factors influence the choice of products with different aesthetic designs.

SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: DO SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-CONTROL PLAY ROLE?

Smartphone addiction has increasingly emerged as a significant concern among college students. This study aims to investigate the impact of self-esteem and self-control on smartphone addiction within this demographic. Adopting a survey design with a correlational approach, the study involved 130 students selected using convenience sampling. The researchers employed the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Control Scale for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the variables, followed by hypothesis testing through simple and multiple regression analyses. The results indicate that both self-esteem and self-control negatively affect smartphone addiction, both independently and collectively. Specifically, higher levels of self-esteem and self-control are associated with lower levels of smartphone addiction among participants. This study provides a novel contribution by examining the combined effects of self-esteem and self-control, offering new insights into the roles of these psychological factors in predicting smartphone addiction among Indonesian university students. These findings have significant implications for addressing smartphone addiction through interventions that enhance self-esteem and self-control.

Self-Esteem among Pre-Retirees and Retirees from Secondary Education in the Departments of Atacora and Donga (Benin)

The aim of this research is to highlight the quality of self-esteem in the way pre-retired and retired secondary school teachers perceive the end of their careers and adapt to it. It offers a better understanding of some of the psychosocial realities that emerge with the end of working life. To carry out this research, a mixed- method approach was adopted, based on semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, self-esteem assessment tests and participant observation of the facts and behaviour of the actors and/or subjects. Forty-two (42) permanent and contract civil servants were selected, regardless of sex, religion or marital status. The results collected and analysed showed that most of the subjects had a very low level of self-esteem. For these pre-retirees and retirees, retirement is a stage in their lives when they feel they have been left to fend for themselves. The end of their careers raises psychosocial issues for them, particularly in terms of identity, image and rehabilitation. For a better understanding of the end- of-career experience, it is crucial to study the self-esteem of pre-retirees and retirees in order to offer admission managers and the people concerned appropriate psychosocial and professional support for a happy retirement.