Levels Of Self-esteem Research Articles

Engagement in Transformational Leadership by Teachers Influences the Levels of Self-Esteem, Motor Self-Efficacy, Enjoyment, and Intention to Be Active in Physical Education Students.

In the school context, the teacher-student interaction style plays a pivotal role in ensuring optimal adolescent functioning. Over recent years, the significance of transformational teacher leadership in fostering student engagement and positive development has been underscored. This study aimed to examine the correlations between transformational leadership and adolescent self-esteem, motor self-efficacy, enjoyment in physical education classes, and intention for future physical activity. This research used an associative and predictive strategy. A total of 429 adolescents from Málaga, aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 14.97; SD = 0.85), participated in this research, which employed an associative, comparative, and predictive approach. The Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ), Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Instrument (SSI-EF), and Intention of Being Physically Active Scale (MIFA) were utilized for variable assessment. Correlation, Multiple Regression, and cluster analyses revealed statistically significant correlations between transformational leadership and self-esteem, motor self-efficacy, enjoyment, and future activity intention. Specifically, it was revealed that motivational inspiration predicts self-esteem, motor self-efficacy, enjoyment, and intention for physical activity, whereas intellectual stimulation predicts motor self-efficacy, enjoyment, and intention for physical activity. Notably, the transformational leadership factors of intellectual stimulation and motivational inspiration were observed to predict scores across other variables, particularly enjoyment in physical education classes, both overall and by gender. These findings suggest that transformational leadership in physical education classes can significantly enhance student experiences, thereby promoting adherence to physical activity and healthy lifestyles among adolescents.

The effect of psychotherapeutic interventions on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression and self-esteem in women exposed to violence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This study aimed to reveal the level of effect of psychotherapeutic interventions on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression, and self-esteem in women who had been exposed to violence. For this systematic review and meta-analysis study, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YÖK Thesis Center databases were searched without any year limitation in August-December 2022, and 28 studies were included. The data were synthesized using meta-analysis and narrative methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that psychotherapeutic interventions for women exposed to violence were effective on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in individuals (SMD: -0,590, %95 CI: -0,893- 0.196; Z= -2,937, p = 0.003, I2= %93,59). Psychotherapeutic interventions had a significant effect on women’s depression levels in favor of the intervention group, and there was high heterogeneity between the studies (SMD: -0,475, %95 CI: -0,838- 0.113; Z= -2,569, p = 0.010, I2= %90,68). Subgroup analyses showed that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in the treatment of intimate partner violence. It was also found that psychotherapeutic interventions did not affect women’s self-esteem levels. Psychotherapeutic therapies for women who have experienced violence have a favorable impact on them and improve their mental health.

Factors associated with self-neglect from a salutogenic perspective among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional correlational study

ObjectivesTo identify the associated factors of self-neglect in older adults from a salutogenic perspective. MethodsA cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in two communities in Beijing with 486 older adults recruited from April to December 2022. Data were collected by a set of questionnaires. ResultsSense of coherence (β=-0.138), socio-demographic generalized resistance resources (GRRs) (smoking: β=0.156), social GRRs (living alone: β=0.093), psychological GRRs (self-esteem: β=-0.126), and motivational GRRs (powerful others locus of control: β=-0.199, chance locus of control: β=0.119) were all associated with self-neglect among older adults (p<0.05). ConclusionsSense of coherence and GRRs are vital to improve self-neglect in older adults. It is suggested to increase the level of self-esteem and the tendency of the health locus of control to largely facilitate self-neglect management in older adults.

The relationship between physical activity and procrastination behavior among Chinese university students: a chain mediated effect of body self-esteem and overall self-esteem.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and procrastination behavior among college students and the serial mediating roles of body self-esteem and overall self-esteem. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1,018 college students. The Physical Activity Rating Scale, the College Students' Physical Self-perception Profile, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Chinese Procrastination Scale were utilized. Serial mediating effect analysis and Bootstrap analysis were applied to the data. (1) Individuals engaging in high levels of physical activity demonstrated significantly lower levels of procrastination behavior compared to those with moderate or low levels of physical activity (Partial η2 = 0.01, F = 2.762, p < 0.01). (2) Physical activity was positively correlated with body self-esteem (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and overall self-esteem (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with procrastination behavior (r = -0.14, p < 0.01). body self-esteem was positively correlated with overall self-esteem (r = 0.11, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with procrastination behavior (r = -0.13, p < 0.01). Overall self-esteem also showed a significant negative correlation with procrastination behavior (r = -0.26, p < 0.01). (3) Mediation effect analysis indicated that body self-esteem and overall self-esteem played partial mediating roles in the relationship between physical activity and procrastination behavior among college students. The mediating effects were composed of three pathways: "Physical Activity → body self-esteem → Procrastination Behavior," "Physical Activity → Overall Self-Esteem → Procrastination Behavior," and "Physical Activity → body self-esteem → Overall Self-Esteem → Procrastination Behavior," with the effect sizes accounting for 27.70, 12.26, and 7.28% of the total effect, respectively. The findings of this study lead to several key conclusions regarding the relationship between physical activity, self-esteem, and procrastination behavior among college students. Firstly, engagement in moderate levels of physical activity is more effective in reducing procrastination behavior among college students. Secondly, participation in high volumes of physical activity is associated with increased levels of both body self-esteem and overall self-esteem. Lastly, physical activity not only directly impacts procrastination behavior but also indirectly influences it by enhancing body self-esteem and overall self-esteem, thereby further reducing the individual's level of procrastination. These conclusions suggest that physical activity plays a multifaceted role in mitigating procrastination behavior in college students. By promoting self-esteem, physical activity can foster a positive psychological state that is conducive to proactive behavior and academic success. The study's findings underscore the importance of integrating physical activity into college students' daily routines as a strategy to combat procrastination and enhance self-esteem.

Penerapan Terapi Afirmasi Positif pada Pasien dengan Harga Diri Rendah di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Palembang

Low self-esteem is a persistent feeling of worthlessness and inferiority from negative self-evaluation of oneself. Complications for clients with low self-esteem include social isolation, hallucinations and violent behavior. The problem of low self-esteem requires appropriate intervention. One therapy that can be done by patients with low self-esteem is positive affirmation therapy. Positive affirmations are statements that strengthen positive beliefs within a person. This research aims to provide nursing care to mental patients with low self-esteem through positive affirmation therapy interventions at the Palembang mental hospital. The method used was a descriptive method with a nursing process approach on 3 patients with a One Group Pretest Posttest research design of positive affirmation therapy on patients with low self-esteem. The results of measurements via the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale were obtained by the patient Mrs. Y with a score of 4 (low self-esteem) to 7 (high self-esteem), the score for Mrs. N with a score of 3 (low self-esteem) becomes 7 (high self-esteem) and Mrs. A with a score of 3 (low self-esteem) becomes 5 (low self-esteem). Conclusion: There is a decrease in the number of patients' self-esteem level scores through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale measurement and a decrease in the number of symptoms that appear in patients with low self-esteem.

Narcissism and Paranoia: The Moderating Role of Self-esteem among Young Indian Adults

Narcissism has gained substantive engagement in the field of personality and social psychology. Due to globalisation and the advent of the internet, narcissism has become the most frequently investigated trait. It bridges certain dimensions of self, which include paranoia and self-esteem. The purpose of the current study is to understand the correlation between paranoia and narcissism. Additionally, the study aims to examine the moderating role of self-esteem on the relationship between narcissism and paranoia among young Indian adults. Furthermore, the study also aims to find out gender differences in paranoia, narcissism, and self-esteem. 162 young adults from the Indian population are recruited, and they administer the narcissism, paranoia, and self-esteem inventories. The results show that the participants had high levels of narcissism, above-average paranoia, and moderate levels of self-esteem. Narcissism is positively correlated with paranoia. Individuals with high levels of self-esteem show decreased levels of paranoia and increased levels of narcissism. There are main effects between narcissism and paranoia as well as between self-esteem and paranoia. Self-esteem does not moderate the relationship between narcissism and paranoia. These results suggest that self-esteem does not weaken or strengthen the relationship between narcissism and paranoia. Males score higher than females in self-esteem, whereas there are no significant gender differences in paranoia and narcissism. This study leads to a better understanding of these traits in the subclinical population. Culturally sensitive interventions can be developed for individuals with higher levels of these traits.

Self-leadership as the ability for self-management in relation to academic procrastination of engineering students

Introduction. In the modern educational environment, attention is increasingly focused on the development of students’ personalities. The ability to self-organize, self-discipline and self-motivation becomes a necessary skill both for achieving educational goals and for successful integration into the professional environment of a future specialist. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of self-leadership, self-management and self-esteem on the level of academic procrastination of engineering students. Materials and methods. The sample is represented by 138 students of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, the average age was 20 years. The following methods were used: «Questionnaire to determine the level of self-leadership», adapted by Kim E-sung, «Scale for assessing academic procrastination», adapted by M.V. Zverev, questionnaire «Ability to self-government» N.M. Peysakhova, test «Determination of the level of self-esteem» S.V. Kovaleva. Results. The self-leadership and self-management skills of engineering students are at the «above average» level, there is also an average level of procrastination, and a low level of self-esteem was found. Students' academic procrastination decreases with a high level of goal-setting ability (r=-0,19; p≤0,05), introspection (r=-0,19; p≤0,05), self-control (r=-0,20; p≤0,05). Procrastination increases when using the strategies of «self-reward» (r=0,18, p≤0,05) and «visualization of one’s own success» (r=0,19, p≤0,05), as well as with high self-esteem (r=0,23; p≤0,001). Girls are more likely to procrastinate, care about the quality of work, and reward themselves after achieving results than boys. The most significant contribution to the academic procrastination of engineering students is made by goal setting (B = -0,36) and «visualization of one’s own success» (B = 0,40). Conclusion. Academic procrastination is one of the common problems in education. Self-leadership as the ability for self-management has a significant impact on procrastination, reducing it. Further research into the phenomenon of self-leadership may contribute to the development of programs for developing selfmanagement skills, which will improve learning outcomes.

Psychosocial and Sexual Aspects of Female Genital Circumcision in a Sample of Kurdish Women in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Female genital circumcision (FGC), a prevalent practice in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, has significant psychosocial and sexual implications for affected women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate these impacts among circumcised and non-circumcised Kurdish women. This comparative study was conducted from January 2 to June 27, 2023, at the Al Mesalla for Human Rights Improvement organization in Erbil, Iraq. Purposive sampling was used to collect data using a comprehensive questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale-Short Form (NSSS-S). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with frequency and percentage used for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. Independent sample t-tests and Chi-square tests were conducted to compare groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 772 participants were enrolled in the study, including 382 circumcised and 390 non-circumcised women. The study found significant differences between the two groups in terms of depression, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Circumcised women had higher mean scores for depression (12.19 ± 5.6 vs. 10.68 ± 5.3), lower mean scores for self-esteem (24.4 ± 12.1 vs. 30.3 ± 10.1), and lower mean scores for sexual satisfaction (52.4 ± 24.6 vs. 67.6 ± 20.4) compared to non-circumcised women (all p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that FGC is associated with higher levels of depression, lower self-esteem, and lower sexual satisfaction among Kurdish women. It is recommended for policymakers and healthcare providers to develop targeted interventions to address the psychosocial and sexual health needs of circumcised women in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Knowledge, Its Vaccine Uptake Intentions, and the Influence of Personality Traits among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in a University Setting: Findings and Implications.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest global health catastrophe of the century, with its vaccine hesitancy compounding the woes. Relevant stakeholders, including pharmacy students (whose education was disrupted) are important bulwarks against these catastrophes, but their COVID-19-related information are scarce. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge, its vaccine uptake intentions, and the influence of personality traits among pharmacy undergraduates in a Nigerian university. This was a post-lockdown cross sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. A 61-item questionnaire was used to collect data among pharmacy undergraduates who attended Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, in May 2021. Summary statistics- mean (±standard deviation), range, frequency, proportion; inferential statistics- Chi square statistics, binary logistic regression. The response rate was 88% (168/191). The average COVID-19 knowledge score, the frequency of acceptance, and hesitancy to take COVID-19 vaccine among study participants were 42.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.1-43.7), 39.1% (95% CI = 37.3%-41.8%), and 61.9% (95% CI = 58.0%-64.2%), respectively. In addition, of the 168 study participants, 73 (43.5%) considered themselves to have high self-esteem, 67 (39.9%) were highly extroverted, 91 (54.2%) highly privately self-conscious, 96 (57.1%) highly publicly self-conscious, and 60 (35.7%) highly self-restrained, with 57 (34.0%) not believing in the existence of COVID-19. COVID-19 knowledge varied significantly by level of study (F [2,165] = 5.539; P = 0.005; η2 = 0.06). Similarly, those with high self-esteem were twice as knowledgeable regarding COVID-19 as those with low self-esteem (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.08-3.78; P = 0.03) with gleaning COVID-19-related information from social media platforms predicting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.85; P = 0.02). The observed suboptimal COVID-19 knowledge was associated with participants' low level of self-esteem, and the prevalent CVH was associated with obtaining COVID-19-related information from social media platform.

Effect of parenting attitude on school life adjustment: mediating effect of self-esteem - Focusing on middle school students in N City

This study was conducted for the purpose of providing basic data for understanding emotional changes according to the development process of middle school students in counseling and education fields by verifying the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between parenting attitudes and school life adjustment, focusing on middle school students. It has been done. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 389 middle school students located in N City, and descriptive statistics, correlations, and mediation effects were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Model 4 of PRECESS Macro. The research results First, positive parenting attitude and school life adjustment showed a significant positive correlation, and negative parenting attitude and school life adjustment showed a significant negative correlation. Second, self-esteem showed a partial mediating effect in the effect of positive parenting attitude on school life adjustment. Third, self-esteem showed a partial mediating effect in the impact of negative parenting attitudes on school life adjustment, but caution is needed in interpretation due to low explanatory power, so groups according to self-esteem level (top 25%, middle 50%, bottom 25%), and as a result of additional analysis, it was confirmed that each group's negative parenting attitude may have different effects on school life adaptation depending on the individual's level of self-esteem. Based on the research results, limitations and suggestions for follow-up research were discussed.

The effectiveness of active rehabilitation camp on wheelchair users’ self-esteem

Background: The Active Rehabilitation Camps (ARC) provide access to comprehensive rehabilitation. The main goal is to provide wheelchair users achieving the maximum possible independence in performing activities of daily living, to help them accept a new lifestyle, as well as comprehensive rehabilitation in the social and vocational fields. Higher self-esteem in wheelchair users help them overcome barriers in everyday living, increase initiative, improve their mental health and well-being.Aims of the study: The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of Active Rehabilitation Camps on self-esteem of wheelchair users.Material and methods: 95 adult wheelchair users aged 18 to 75 took part in the study. 92 participants were included in the analysis (31 women and 61 men). The research tool was a questionnaire including first part with personal data and a second part - an international and validated questionnaire the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). All participants filled the questionnaire at the beginning of the ARC and after two-week camp.Results: The results showed a significant improvement in self-esteem among participant after camps, total self-esteem according to RSES increased from 28.32 4.99 before a camp, to 30.8 4.85 after a camp (p&lt;0.0001). Our results showed that apart from general self-esteem, SE in such domains as “on the whole, I am satisfied with myself”, “I am able to do things as well as most other people” or “I take a positive attitude towards myself” increased significantly after the ARC (p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: The activities of the Active Rehabilitation Camp including access to physical activity, health-promoting education, experience exchange and integration of wheelchair users, increase the level of self-esteem of Active Rehabilitation Camp participants. Systematic physical activities, social and emotional support, as well as appropriate education should be provided in everyday rehabilitation among wheelchair users to improve their self-esteem and everyday life functioning.

The role of self-esteem in shaping social engagement in the context of ESG reporting

Purpose: The aim of the article is to determine the role of self-esteem in the sense of individual agency in terms of sustainable development and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting among professionals associated with accounting.Methodology/approach: The study is based on a critical analysis of the literature, the methods of analysis and logical construction, and the application of statistical tools. It utilizes statistical methods, including Pearson’s linear correlation and the t-Student test, for a detailed analysis of the relationship between self-esteem and social engagement in the context of sustainable development among individuals associated with ac-counting.Findings: The study results suggest a connection between the level of self-esteem and engagement in sustainable development. The conclusions can be utilized for designing training programs to develop sustainable development skills.Research limitations/implications: The simplified measurement method of variables and their broad context may not encompass the full range of factors that influence social engagement in sustainable development.Originality/value: The article expands knowledge of the factors that influence social engagement in sustainable development. Furthermore, it emphasizes the potential application of tools for enhancing self-esteem to increase social engagement, especially in the context of sustainable development and ESG.

Effect of domestic violence at preschool age on victimity formation

The article provides data on the prevalence of physical violence suffered at preschool age among medical students based on the results of medical, sociological, and psychometric research. An unselected sample of 275 fifth-year students at the Medical Institute was examined. It was demonstrated that physical violence in all cases was combined with psychological violence and in 12 % of cases — with sexual violence. Anxious personality traits and low levels of self-esteem were formed as a result of violence, which created a risk of social maladjustment. It has been established that when brought up in conditions of physical and psychological violence, victim complexes are formed 2–4 times more often than when brought up in favorable conditions. Notably, the subjective significance of the severity of physical violence suffered in the family at preschool age significantly (8–56 times) increases the likelihood of being subjected to beatings, sexual harassment, and psychological pressure, in contrast to being raised in favorable conditions. Risk factors for domestic violence are presented and described. The possibilities of providing medical and psychological assistance are discussed.

Autonomy-supportive parenting as a moderator of associations between ethnic and racial identity processes and psychological adjustment during college.

The purpose of this study was to test the roles of ethnic and racial identity (ERI) processes and autonomy-supportive parenting on college students' psychological adjustment. American college students of color (N = 505) completed questionnaires assessing ERI exploration and commitment, autonomy-supportive parenting, and psychological adjustment (self-esteem, depressive symptoms). Key variables were operationalized as latent constructs, and main and interaction effects were tested using the latent moderated structural equation modeling approach. Higher levels of ERI commitment (but not exploration) and parental autonomy support each uniquely predicted higher levels of self-esteem and lower levels of depressive symptoms. Parental autonomy support moderated associations between ERI processes and psychological adjustment, and the nature of moderation did not differ across Black and Latino/a/x students. Supporting the psychological adjustment of college students of color necessitates acknowledging the importance of both parental and institutional efforts to encourage students' autonomy strivings and ERI processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The role of self-esteem on motivational aspects of Greek blind athletes competing in individual and team sports

Physical activity and sports can be considered important sources of motivation for people with visual impairments; however limited attention has been given to blind peoples' involvement in sports and to the intra-personal variables such as self-esteem and motivation that affect their sport participation. The purpose of the present study was a) to explore the relationship between self-esteem and intrinsic motivation in blind athletes, and b) to assess the levels of self-esteem and intrinsic motivation and identify differences in intrinsic motivation and self-esteem as a function of gender and sport type (individual-team sports). Participants were 78 (27 females) Greek blind athletes (30.29 ± 1.18 years of age) competing in team (N = 44) and individual (N = 34) sports. Participants completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory questionnaire (IMI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) questionnaire. The findings revealed that high values on self-esteem could predict blind athletes' perceived competence (p = .001) and strengthen their intrinsic motivation while enabling them to regulate pressure and tension (p < .05). However, female athletes appeared to be more pressured than males (p < .05), and interestingly, team sport athletes scored higher in intrinsic motivation than individual sports athletes (p < .05). The findings provide useful insights regarding the role of self-esteem in blind athletes' motivational profiles and draw attention to the role of perceived competence in blind athletes' sporting experiences, emphasizing that team sport context may serve as a fertile ground for enhancing intrinsic motivation.

The positive and negative consequences of stress and its relationship with coping in medical students: A qualitative study

Rates of mental health problems among medical students have prompted efforts to reduce stress during medical training. However, stress can be motivating and is a feature of clinical work. This qualitative study explores what makes an experience stressful, and how medical students respond to such experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 medical students. Experiences were distressing when they threatened students’ self-perception, goals or coping mechanisms, or when they reminded the student of distressing past events. Moderate stress was motivating and could build resilience. Students selected coping mechanisms based on their availability, acceptability, likely outcome and their previous experience of using these mechanisms. Social support, extra-curricular activities and exercise were helpful. High levels of distress, poor self-esteem and course factors, including remote placements, impaired engagement with coping strategies. Perception of stressors as being insurmountable or beyond one’s control, led to increasing distress and the adoption of avoidant coping strategies. University strategies need to consider the beneficial effects of stress and seek to bolster coping resources as well as minimising unnecessary sources of stress.

What does the customer incivility tell me about my worth? A diary study on the short-term effects of customer incivility on self-esteem and job satisfaction

ABSTRACT This study aims to clarify what are the short-term effects of customer incivility on targeted employees’ self-esteem and job satisfaction. We hypothesised that daily customer incivility reported at the end of the previous workday would predict decreases in next-day morning employees’ self-esteem. In turn, lowered self-esteem would be related to lower job satisfaction levels at the end of the same workday. Additionally, we predicted that the link between lowered self-esteem and lowered job satisfaction would be weaker for employees who engaged more in deep acting. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a daily study on 144 customer-contact employees. Participants completed online questionnaires for 31 days reporting their morning self-esteem levels, together with evening customer incivility and job satisfaction levels. The data were analysed using dynamic structural equation models that allow examining intra-person time series trends, on a day-to-day level, while estimating individual differences therein. Consistent with our predictions, the results provided evidence for the short-term detrimental effects of customer incivility on next-day job satisfaction through lowered self-esteem and for the buffering role of deep acting. Service employees could benefit from training aimed at strengthening their self-esteem and skills on how to handle misbehaving customers effectively.

Self-Esteem and Resilience in Adolescence: Differences between Bystander Roles and Their Implications in School Violence in Spain

School violence is a social problem that has an impact on the psychological well-being of adolescents. One of the least identified roles within school violence is that of bystander, which refers to students who witness acts of violence perpetrated by their peers in the school environment. Current scientific evidence determines that young people with high self-esteem and resilience tend to have better mental health. The aim of this research is to identify the role of being a bystander of school violence on self-esteem and resilience in this crucial developmental stage of adolescence. The sample is composed of a total of 730 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years. The results obtained indicate that young people who perceive themselves as non-bystanders of school violence show higher levels of self-esteem. As for the differences according to sex, it was found that non-bystander boys have greater resilience and self-esteem compared to girls. There are negative correlations between a healthy lifestyle and stress, but positive correlations between healthy lifestyle and self-esteem. In addition, we wanted to investigate the likelihood that observant adolescents intervene to help their peers. The results show that resilience acts as a protective factor that encourages such intervention, while self-esteem would be a risk factor. These findings highlight the importance of promoting resilience and self-esteem in school settings to improve peer relationships and foster healthy youth development.

A comparitive Study Of Emotional Intelligence, Self Esteem And Perceived Stress Among Smokers And Non Smokers

The currentexploration was aim toward explore the difference between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and stress among smokers and non-smokers. Purposive sampling technique (define) is used in the research for collecting data. For the present research sample of 250 was taken i.e. (N=125 smokers) and (N=125 nonsmokers) was taken from two different cites universities and colleges with age range 19-25 years. Scale of emotional intelligence, Rosenberg self-esteem and Perceived stress scalewas utilized as evaluation measure. T-test was performed to find out difference on smokers and non-smokers. Pearson product moment correlation was performed to find out correlation in self-esteem, emotional intelligence and stress among smokers and non-smokers.The results revealed that there was major difference between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and stress among smokers and non-smokers and that there is high level of emotional intelligence and self-esteem among non-smokers then smokers and high level of perceived smokers then nonsmokers.

Preliminary investigation of the regulatory loop of loneliness and the protective role of self-esteem – a cross-sectional study

As a major public health issue, chronic loneliness has been associated with increased mortality and impaired physical and mental health. The proposed model by Cacioppo and Hawkley (Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454, 2009) pictures the emergence and maintenance of chronic loneliness as a vicious cycle containing cognitive and behavioral aspects. As a potential source of resilience, self-esteem has been shown to have buffering effects on loneliness. This study aimed to investigate the central relationships between the components within the regulatory loop of loneliness and the potential buffering effect of self-esteem. In this study, a community sample of 436 adult participants completed measures of loneliness, interpretation bias in social situations, social avoidance behavior, self-esteem, and important covariates (including depressive and social anxiety symptoms and social network size). First, we tested bivariant correlations. Subsequently, we tested three mediation models representing the regulatory loop of loneliness. Lastly, we tested moderated mediation models with self-esteem as a moderator. Loneliness was positively associated with interpretation bias and social avoidance and negatively with self-esteem. Indirect effects in all three mediation models testing the regulatory loop were positive and strongly significant. Self-esteem was a significant moderator in the mediation models, with higher levels of self-esteem attenuating the indirect effect of loneliness on interpretation bias. These effects held even when controlled for relevant covariates, such as depressive and social anxiety symptoms. This study gives preliminary empirical support for the proposed model of chronic loneliness by Cacioppo and Hawkley (Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454, 2009) and the potential buffering effect of self-esteem. Hence, our results support the notion of addressing maladaptive social cognitions and maladaptive social behavior to effectively reduce chronic loneliness and strengthen self-esteem as a protective factor.