Self-esteem In Adults Research Articles

The impact of childhood abuse on adult self-esteem and emotional regulation

Introduction The occurrence of traumatic experiences in childhood can lead to a disruption in the development of secure internal representations, with a negative impact on self-esteem [1]. In addition, child victimisation may compromise their emotional regulation skills [2] and it has been shown that individuals with lower self-esteem have less emotional regulation skills [3]. Studies with adults showed that those who suffered several types of abuse during childhood tend to have worse interpersonal relationships [4]. This research has the main goals, to identify the relationship between the impact of childhood abuse on adult self-esteem and emotional regulation, and the relationship between self-esteem and emotional regulation. This is the first study in a Portuguese sample that integrates those variables. Materials and methods The study design is descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional. The sample was composed of 96 Portuguese adults (over 18 years old) (M = 27.95 years, SD = 11.60). The participants answered online to a sociodemographic questionnaire, Portuguese versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) [5], the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [6], and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) [7]. The link to the study was disclosed by e-mail and in social networks. The study was conducted in accordance with all the ethical principles. Results We found significant statistical positive correlations between the total score of the CTQ and the total score of the DERS (r = 0.422, p<.001) and the sub-scales of DERS: the not acceptance of emotional responses (r = 0.311, p=.002), difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviour (r = 0.243, p=.017), impulse control difficulties (r = 0.431, p<.001)), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (r = 0.465, p<.001), and lack of emotional clarity (r = 0.209, p=.041). Furthermore, we observed statistical negative correlations between the total score of RSES and the total score of the CTQ (r=–0.319, p=.002), the total score of the DERS (r=–0.561, p<.001) and the sub-scales of DERS: the not acceptance of emotional responses (r=–0.413, p<.001), difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviour (r=–0.336, p=.001), impulse control difficulties (r=–0.373, p<.001), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (r=–0.508, p<.001), and lack of emotional clarity (r = −0.542, p<.001). Discussion and conclusions In our study, traumatic experiences in childhood were associated with emotional regulation difficulties in adults, which is corroborated by other studies [2]. Additionally, we found that individuals who were victimised in childhood tend to have a perception of lower self-esteem in adult life. The relationship between child abuse and self-esteem and also between child abuse and the emotional regulation difficulties proves the need to develop psychological intervention aiming to enhance the positive self-esteem and the adaptative emotional skills in adulthood. This research highlights the importance of developing intervention programs in victimised children, to reduce the impact of victimisation on self-esteem and emotional regulation.

Do difficulties in emotion regulation impact self-esteem and adult attachment? – the role of trauma

Introduction Experiencing trauma in childhood, adolescence or adulthood has severe negative impact on several areas of individuals' lives. Concerning their psychological health, consequences often arise in terms of emotional deficits, self-esteem and attachment [1]. Strategies of emotional regulation (ER) are extremely important in the individual’s development and have implications in their self-concept and self-esteem [2]. The literature suggests that a better ER is directly associated with better self-esteem [3]. Some studies also show an association between attachment and the level of self-esteem [4]. Better attachment in adults is associated with high and stable levels of self-esteem [5]. The objective of this research is to study the impact of ER, self-esteem and attachment in Portuguese adults (above 18 years old) who have experienced trauma. This study contributes to scientific innovation in this field, considering that we found results never obtained in a Portuguese sample. Materials and Methods This study comprised 137 Portuguese individuals’ (69.3% women and 30.7% men) with ages between 18 and 70 years (M = 39.49, SD = 12.49), of which 74 (54.0%) experienced trauma in the last three years. This study was carried out by filling out online questionnaires and the link to the study was disclosed by e-mail and in social networks. The participants responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire, a checklist of some types of trauma experienced in the last three years, the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) [6], the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) [7], and the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS-R) [8]. The study was conducted in accordance with all the ethical principles. Results The results showed a significant negative correlation between the DERS and the total score of the RSES (r = −0.509, p < .001) as well as between the DERS Strategies subscale and the RSES (r = −0.541, p < .001). There was a significant statistical negative correlation between the DERS Awareness and the AAS-R (r = −0.232, p = .006), and a significant statistical positive correlation between the total score of the DERS (r = 0.557, p < .001), the DERS Non-Acceptance (r = 0.500, p < .001) the DERS Strategies (r = 0.516, p < .001) and the AAS-R Anxiety. The results also showed significant statistical differences between individuals who experienced trauma in the Anxiety dimension of the AAS-R [F(1,136) = 8.91, p = .003]. Those who experienced trauma showed higher anxiety (M = 2.19, SD = 0.75). Discussion and conclusions The results showed that if difficulties of emotional regulation and limited access to emotional regulation strategies decreases, self-esteem increases, which corroborates the literature [3]. Concerning the adult attachment, we found that if anxiety increases, difficulties of emotional regulation also increase, as well as lack of acceptance of emotional responses and limited access to emotional regulation strategies. Some studies reveal that attachment styles influence the strategies to express and regulate emotions [9]. All these findings have an impact on clinical and social levels, as they guide therapists to work in these specific areas with individuals who have suffered some form of trauma. Thus, our results help to develop psychological intervention programs to prevent psychopathology. Further studies should focus on the results of preventive and interventive efficacy of therapies implemented in society that focus on emotion regulation, self-esteem, and adult attachment in traumatised individuals.

Conformity Behaviors: a Qualitative Phenomenological Exploration of Binge Drinking Among Female College Students

The present study explored binge drinking as a conformity behavior as it related to self-esteem and social acceptance in young adults. The researcher gathered information regarding the lived experience of young adults’ engagement in binge drinking to increase self-esteem and social acceptance using a qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA). A purposive sample of five female college students aged 22–24 meeting the inclusion criteria via researcher-developed screening was recruited. Data was collected via face-to-face, semi-structured interviews that were then transcribed, member-checked, and analyzed according to the IPA methodology. Themes included the following: low self-esteem was associated with behavior, low self-esteem was associated with binge drinking, and low relational value was associated with binge drinking. These findings have expanded upon the existing research regarding the role of binge drinking as a conformity behavior as it impacted self-esteem and social acceptance in attempts to increase relational value in young adults.

The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem on Anxiety and Emotion Regulation.

Individuals with anxiety disorders maladaptively appraise interpersonal threat cues leading to inaccurate interpretations of the self and others. However, little is known about the factors that mediate this association, therefore, the main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between state and trait anxiety, self-esteem, and emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal and suppression. Young adults aged between 18–26 years participated in the study. They completed a set of self-reports measuring emotion regulation, self-esteem, state-trait anxiety, and positive and negative attributes. Participants also completed an experimental task, using the dot-probe paradigm, which measures threat bias and response inhibition. The findings showed that trait and state anxiety predicted suppression, reappraisal, and internalising problems, and is linked to response inhibition. Importantly, low self-esteem, significantly mediated the relationship between increased anxiety and suppression. Taken together, these results show specific associations between emotion regulation and anxiety, highlighting the significant impact of self-esteem in young adults.

Regular exercise improves the levels of self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness of young adults.

Regular exercise habits provide social and psychological benefit as well as improving and ameliorating the physical health of individuals. This study was conducted to examine the effect of regularly exercising on self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness on healthy adults. Three hundred and fifty two participants (141 females, 211 males) aged 20 to 40, who do regularly exercise at least two days a week for last 6 months (REG), and 350 sedentary individuals (212 females, 138 males; SG). Demographics of participants and the type, duration, and frequency of the exercise were recorded. Self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and body awareness (Body Awareness Questionnaire) levels of the participants were assessed. The mean age of REG was 23.34±3.67 years and SG was 22.66±2.67 years. It was found statistically significant differences in terms of self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness between groups and the results of participants who were doing exercise regularly were much better than sedentary ones (P<0.001). In our study shows positive effects of regularly exercising on personal and psychological parameters. Exercise is a preferred method to increase self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness.

The Role of Remembered Parenting on Adult Self-Esteem: A Monozygotic Twin Difference Study.

Self-esteem is an attitude about the self that predicts psychopathology and general well-being. Parenting practices have been shown to be related to self-esteem, but these estimates are confounded because parents and children share genes. The aim of the present study was to use the monozygotic (MZ) twin difference design to isolate the non-shared environmental impact of remembered parenting on self-esteem. In a sample of 1328 adults (345 MZ twin pairs, 319 DZ twin pairs), retrospective reports of maternal and paternal affection were related to self-esteem, all of which were significantly heritable. Using MZ difference scores, paternal affection differences, but not maternal affection differences, were significantly related to self-esteem differences. These results suggest that parenting provided by the father directly impacts self-esteem through non-shared environmental mechanisms. Maternal affection, on the other hand, impacts self-esteem through shared genes (not shared environment, as shared environment was not a significant aspect of self-esteem). This has implications for parenting intervention programs.

Relationship between Self-Esteem, Jealousy and Anger in Emerging Adults

The present cross-sectional study explored the relationship between self-esteem, jealousy and anger in young adults. Researchers hypothesized that self-esteem would be negatively correlated with jealousy and anger; jealousy and anger will be positively related to each other. Low self- esteem was proposed as a predictor of jealousy and anger. A convenient sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 200 young adults (M= 100, W=100). Correlation analysis, simple linear regression and t-test were used. As per results, self-esteem was negatively related to jealousy and anger. Jealousy was positively related to anger. Low Self-esteem significantly predicted jealousy and anger. Furthermore, significant differences in self-esteem were observed for both genders as women scored higher for self-esteem but no significant differences were found on jealousy and anger. Also, significant differences in the family system for self-esteem and jealousy were found. Participants who belonged to the joint family system scored high on jealousy, whereas those from the nuclear family were high on self-esteem. Study implications are discussed with its application in clinical, counselling, educational and domestic settings.

Associations Between Self-Esteem With Diverse Deleterious Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults

Research suggests meaningful relationships between self-esteem and various deleterious mental health outcomes. However, these relationships are less well understood in older adults, where age-specific models of self-esteem are lacking. In this study, older adult participants (N = 284, M age = 73.3 years) anonymously completed a series of questionnaires as part of a larger battery. Measures examined for this study included the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale (SISE), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Three-Item Loneliness Scale (3LS), Sense of Belonging Inventory – Psychological Subscale (SOBI-P), and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). A multiple regression was conducted to examine how these mental health variables predict self-esteem. The model explained a significant 39% of the variance in self-esteem, F (5,234) = 29.68, p < .001, with two significant predictors. Specifically, lower scores on the PHQ-9 (β = -3.06, p < .01) predicted higher scores on the SISE, whereas higher scores SOBI-P (β = .27, p < .01) predicted higher scores on the SISE. Scores on the 3LS (β = -.09), BHS (β = -.03), and GAS (β = -.03) did not emerge as significant predictors in the model. Results from this study indicate that lower depression and higher sense of belonging have unique contributions to self-esteem for older adults, controlling for the shared variance from other mental health variables, such as loneliness, hopelessness, and anxiety. Although causality was not assessed, future prospective studies should examine whether interventions focusing on reducing depression or increasing feelings of belongingness enhance self-esteem for older individuals.

Effects of Parenting Styles on Psychological Problems by Self Esteem and Gender Differences

Current research supports the lasting effects of parenting styles on children and adolescents’ self-esteem, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Few studies have examined parenting style, self-esteem, and psychological problems together while considering gender. The current study explored the indirect effect of parenting style though self-esteem on emerging adult psychological problems as moderated by gender among 381 emerging adults. The most notable finding suggested that maternal authoritative parenting was related to higher levels of female self-esteem, which in turn related to lower levels of female psychological problems. Results indicated a relationship between higher levels of self-esteem and lower psychological problems. Findings from the current study contribute to research emphasizing the long-lasting effects of parenting style on emerging adult self-esteem and mental health, particularly among females.

Longitudinal association between adolescent work values and mental health and well-being in adulthood: a 23-year prospective cohort study

Personal values developed in adolescence may influence mental health and well-being over the life course. Using data from 684 respondents in the Youth Development Study (61.9% of respondents in the baseline survey), we explored the effects of work values at ages 14–15 on positive and negative emotions, as well as psychological resources (self-esteem and mastery), at ages 37–38. We adjusted for socioeconomic status and the baseline scores of these outcomes using linear regression analyses. Having the work value of getting ahead in adolescence was positively associated with self-esteem in adulthood. Work values in adolescence did not predict positive emotions, negative emotions, or mastery in adulthood. Valuing one’s growth in adolescence may help develop self-esteem in adulthood.

Life challenges and resilience: the role of perceived personality continuity

Objectives Self-functioning, one aspect of mental health, is positive in later life. Although experiencing challenges may disrupt mental health, internal resources can foster resilience. This study examines how the frequency of recent challenges relates to current self-functioning. Perceived personality continuity, one's sense of maintaining their trait personality, is investigated as an internal resource. Method Participants (N = 99 young adults, 88 older adults) reported all challenging events experienced in the last six years. Perceived personality continuity over the same time was assessed. Multi-measurement of current self-functioning included self-concept clarity, self-esteem, and self-acceptance. Results Older adults reported higher self-concept clarity and self-esteem; young adults reported higher self-acceptance. Experiencing more challenges related to lower self-concept clarity and self-esteem across age groups, with a stronger negative link to self-esteem for young adults. Perceived personality continuity partially mediated relations between: (i) challenges and self-concept clarity, and (ii) challenges and self-esteem. Perceived personality continuity mediated positive self-functioning for older adults only. Conclusion A late life strength, older adults report higher self-functioning overall. Challenges negatively relate to self-functioning across age groups, but younger adults’ self-esteem is more vulnerable. When having faced challenges, older adults' perceived personality continuity is critical to positive current self-functioning.

Stimulation cognitive chez les personnes âgées : effets d’une méthode de stimulation cognitive par les jeux sur les fonctions cognitives et l’estime de soi

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cognitive stimulation program with games on scores to cognitive tests (processing speed, mental flexibility, working memory, inhibition) and how this program can benefit to a psycho-affective measure, self-esteem in older adults. Forty-eight participants over 60 years old took part in the experiment. They were divided into two groups: 1 group followed a program of cognitive stimulation using leisure activities with games and 1 control group in which people gathered every week. There were 8 sessions of cognitive stimulation using leisure activities like games, one-hour session a week. Measures have focused on speed of processing and executive functions (shifting, updating and inhibition). They have been evaluated before and after the training program. Results show that the cognitive stimulation program using leisure activities with games is effective on speed of processing, memory span, inhibition and self-esteem but shows no benefits on shifting and updating. These results indicate that it seems to be possible to enhance cognitive resources, inhibition and self-esteem using leisure activities with games as a tool for cognitive stimulation.

L’usage problématique des réseaux sociaux chez les jeunes adultes : quels liens avec l’exposition de soi, l’estime de soi sociale et la personnalité ?

BackgroundSocial networks have been developed extremely fast over the past ten years, allowing people to post all kinds of content, including about themselves (pictures, personal information…). ObjectivesThe phenomenon of problematic use of social networks is poorly documented, which is why the purpose of this research is to better understand the link between social network's problematic use and behavioural (self-exposure on social networks) and psychological characteristics (personality and social self-esteem) in young adults between 18 and 30 years old. MethodsA set of questionnaires assessing addiction to social networks (EARS), self-exposure on social networks (EES), personality (Big five: BFI-Fr and narcissism: NPI-16) and social self-esteem (IESS) were completed online by 355 people from all ranges of the French population; 7.04% has a network's problematic use, 77.46% were women and the average age of individuals was 22.72 years. ResultsGroup comparison analysis (problematic users versus common users) revealed that self-exposure behaviours on social networks (EES; number of social media; number of hours), neuroticism and narcissism are associated with social network's problematic use, while conscientiousness agreeability and social self-esteem were negatively associated to problematic use. Correlational analysis revealed a positive association between self-exposure behaviours on social networks and social network's problematic use. Moreover, self-exposure and social self-esteem, as well as some dimensions of personality (agreeableness, extraversion and narcissism) were positively correlated. Regression analysis indicated that self-exposure behaviours on social network (EES; number of social media; number of hours) and neuroticism were the most powerful predictors of the social network's problematic use. Self-exposure on social networks, social self-esteem and some facets of personality then become factors either of protection, or of risk, especially when it becomes pathological, going as far as problematic use. ConclusionThis study provides a better understanding of this phenomenon and enables better-suited prevention and care. The prospect of a new form of problematic use of self-exposure on social networks and psychological or the environmental factors associated to this behaviour needs to be explored in future research.

Inteligencia sexual en relación con la autoestima en adultos

The research is based on the theory of social learning and cognition proposed by Albert Bandura, the main objective is find the relationship between sexual intelligence and self-esteem in adults. The methodology used was of a quantitative approach, of a non-experimental type, with a cross-sectional design and an associative correlational scope; For this, a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 384 adults in the city of Quito, Ecuador was used. For data collection, a sociodemographic survey designed by the researchers was used, the Sheree Conrad and Michael Milburn Sexual Intelligence Test and the Rosemberg Self-Esteem Scale for adults. To test the hypothesis, the Chi-Square test was used; whose p-value = .000, which is why the null hypothesis (𝐻𝑜) was rejected, and it is affirmed that there is a relationship between sexual intelligence and self-esteem. To complement this information, Cramer's V correlation coefficient was used, the result of which is V = .263, which means that the relationship between the variables is weak. Therefore, it is concluded that despite having a moderately low sexual intelligence, self-esteem is good, besides, that self-esteem is mostly good for people with age ranges over 40 years regarding age groups older. young boys. Keywords: sexual intelligence, self-esteem, adults.

Arithmetical Analysis of Gender-Based Relative Behavior on Life Satisfaction and Self-esteemed Mental Health

Term ‘Gender’ is very challenging and burdened with variety of meaning when it comes to its socialization though social norms in India. Even though the gender difference is an unsolicited issue in Indian society, its effect is very much reflected in Indian culture from office to home and lane to metros. Another major esteemed obsession due to gender shows that effect is life satisfaction, self-esteem, and mental health of adults. The major objective of this investigation was to scrutinize gender differences on self-esteem, life satisfaction, and mental health of male, female, and transgender of mainly studied in Rajasthan and Haryana state (India). This study is sampled differently in the process of Snowball sampling from 240 adults (80 males, 80 females, and 80 transgender) ranged in age 31–45 years. While collecting data, different collection observations like Cooper-Smith self-esteem inventory, life satisfaction scale, and general health questionnaire were used. In this study, only two measures of general health questionnaire namely anxiety/insomnia and severe depression were used in data analysis. This data is statistically analyzed with Chi-square test distribution and analyzed widely with ANOVA table and most importantly F test proceeding. Again, graphical representations showing 3D simulation among gender, F value and df value from F test and Chi-square test are thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that self-esteem significantly positively correlated with life satisfaction; anxiety symptoms and severe depression significantly negatively correlated with both the self-esteem and life satisfaction. The main purpose behind using F test impotently revealed that gender balance is how it varies with self-esteem, life satisfaction, anxiety/insomnia, and severe depression. Overall, it shows an amazing result that reveals how males are significantly better on life satisfaction though females in case of mental health and self-esteem than transgender.

Prospective Evaluation of Psychological Healing in Adults Who Underwent Otoplasty for Prominent Ear.

Otoplasty is performed to heal the psychological discomfort caused by the appearance of prominent ear by bringing the ear to its anatomical position. However, there have been few studies with limited numbers of patients that have prospectively evaluated psychosocial recovery following otoplasty in adults. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the versatile psychological recovery that can be achieved in adults following otoplasty. In this prospective cohort study, a single-group, pretest-posttest model was used as the experimental research model. Patient satisfaction status was measured, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I-II (STAI I-II), Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSES), and Body Cathexis Scale (BCS) tests were performed on patients before and after surgery. A total of 66 patients with a mean age of 20.7 ± 3.1years, 66.7% of whom were women, were included in the study. While 97% of the patients were satisfied with the results of the operation, 3% were undecided. The mean values of the BDI, STAI-I, STAI-II, and BCS before and after surgery were 11.4 ± 5.7, 40.9 ± 6.7, 43 ± 9.4, 74.2 ± 20.5, and 8.5 ± 5.5, 38.6 ± 7.4, 39.5 ± 9.2, 63.5 ± 17.6, respectively. While the proportion of patients with a high RSES score before surgery was 42.42%, the proportion after surgery was 96.96%. The differences in the mean scores of all tests before and after surgery were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that otoplasty made positive contributions to body perception, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in adults. Otoplasty is as beneficial in adults as it is in pediatric patients. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The association of self-esteem and psychosocial outcomes in young adults: a 10-year prospective study.

This study investigates the association between self-esteem assessed either in adolescence or in adulthood with adult academic and psychosocial outcomes. One hundred and thirty-one junior high school students were selected based on their experience of academic difficulty or success, and both groups were selected equally from regular or low-performing schools. Ten years later, 100 of these individuals participated in a follow-up assessment of academic, socioprofessional, and health-related outcomes. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the association of self-esteem (measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) at baseline and at follow-up, as well as change in self-esteem categories (high vs. low) on all outcomes. Fifty-four percent of adolescents were consistently high in self-esteem over the 10-year period, 17% experienced an improvement, 21% a decrease, and 8% stayed at a low level. Outcomes at follow-up were more consistently associated with young adult self-esteem than adolescent self-esteem. Self-esteem was associated with several outcomes (i.e., personal goals, life satisfaction, alcohol, and health outcomes) and its effects were different depending on the period considered and categories of self-esteem change. The self-esteem difficulties which are common in adolescence raise concerns about their potential impact on important outcomes later in life. However, self-esteem difficulties in young adulthood were more associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether low self-esteem persisted into adulthood, or emerged only during adulthood). Relative to outcomes in young adulthood, the period of greatest interest for improving well-being may be concentrated in the years immediately surrounding the studied outcomes. Self-esteem change from adolescent to adulthood is associated with a large diversity of outcomes. Less is known concerning the extent to which adolescent self-esteem may independently determine outcomes in young adulthood as compared to more temporally proximal self-esteem levels. Only self-esteem difficulties in young adulthood were associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether they persisted from adolescence into adulthood, or emerged for the first time during adulthood). Targeting self-esteem difficulties that are temporally proximal to the period of interest may improve mental health and well-being.

How I See and Feel About Myself: Domain-Specific Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Autistic Adults.

Few studies have examined the self-perceptions of autistic adults. This study aimed firstly to investigate domain-specific self-concepts and global self-esteem in autistic adults. The second aim was to examine associations between autism self-appraisals, perceived social support and global self-concept and self-esteem. The third was to determine which domains of self-concept were most closely associated with self-esteem. Participants included 71 autistic adults aged 18–70 years and 65 age, sex and education matched typically developing individuals. Participants completed an online survey of autism characteristics, global self-esteem and domain-specific self-concepts (i.e. likeability, task accomplishment, power, giftedness, invulnerability, and morality), self-appraisals about autism, and perceived social support. Autistic participants reported significantly lower power and global self-esteem than typically developing individuals after controlling for autism characteristics. More positive self-appraisals about autism (i.e. greater perceived benefits and lower helplessness) were significantly related to better global self-concept and self-esteem. Global self-esteem was significantly and positively associated with perceptions of giftedness, emotional resilience and power. These findings suggest that autistic adults may perceive themselves as having a low sense of power in their relationships and have negative global perceptions of their self-worth. However, those able to find positive meaning or benefits associated with autism are likely to have more positive global self-perceptions. This study provides new insights into how autistic adults perceive themselves which may guide the focus of psychosocial interventions that seek to recognize and promote unique talents and emotional resilience.

The Impact of Acne Vulgaris on Self Esteem in Adolescent and Young Adult

Objective: To determine the impact of acne vulgaris on Self-esteem in adolescents and young adults. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Settings: Department of Dermatology, Civil Hospital, a tertiary care public sector health facility in Karachi. Duration: January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 (Six Months). Methodology: The study was conducted after informed consent; 158 patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris were evaluated for the impact it had on their self-esteem by using Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Chi square test was used to determine the correlation among different categorical variables. Results: Total 158 adolescent and young adults with acne vulgaris were included in the study, with 126 (79.7%) being females and 32 (20.3%) were males. The median age was 22.0 ± 4.62 years. Mean RSES score was 14.94 ± 0.141 and low self-esteem was reported in 67 (42.4%) participants. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris adversely effects self-esteem of patients, with one-third of the study population reporting low self-esteem. It was significantly low in females as compared to males.

대학생이 지각한 아동기 부모 양육태도와 폭식행동의 관계: 성인애착, 자아존중감, 우울의 매개효과

본 연구는 아동기 부모애착이 성인애착, 자아존중감, 우울을 통해 폭식행동을 예측하는 심리적 경로를 대학생 301명으로부터 수집된 자료로 검증하였다. 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같은데 첫째, 아동기에 부모와의 관계에서 정서적 돌봄의 결핍과 과보호적 통제를 많이 받았다고 보고하는 대학생일수록 높은 불안 및 회피 애착 행동과 낮은 자아존중감을 보고하였다. 둘째, 대인관계에서 의존적이고 불안한 행동이 빈번하고 자아존중감이 낮다고 보고하는 대학생일수록 우울 증상을 많이 호소하였으며 우울 증상을 많이 호소할수록 폭식행동을 더 빈번히 하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아동기에 부모로부터 과보호적 통제와 간섭을 많이 받았다고 지각하는 대학생일수록 불안 애착, 낮은 자존감, 우울 증상을 나타내지 않고도 폭식 행동을 더 빈번히 보고하였다. 이러한 연구결과들은 최근 폭식 행동으로 어려움을 호소하는 대학생들이 증가하는 상황에서 폭식 행동의 예방과 처치를 위한 다양한 상담 및 교육 프로그램의 개발과 실행에 의미 있는 정보를 제공할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과의 교육적, 임상적 의의와 연구의 제한점 및 후속연구 방향들이 구체적으로 논의되었다.