Self-employment Opportunities Research Articles

The Strategy of Empowering Poor for Wetland Resources Conservation in Bangladesh

The Management of Aquatic Ecosystems through Community Husbandry was demonstrated in three wetlands of Bangladesh that facing a wide range of ecological threats, representing the users’ communities of the management areas to participate in the process of wetland governance for restoring resources. A long-term study from 1999 to 2008 was conducted with 5,202 households’ members forming 250 Resources User Groups to launch livelihood schemes for alternative income and to reduce dependency on wetland resources. The Resources User Groups were united into 13 Federations of Resources User Groups for institutional sustainability that took over all responsibilities for operating savings of their members and revolving funds for livelihood activities and adopting sustainable conservation measures of wetland resources with oversight provided by the co-management committees. The process of developing management capacities made them efficient and knowledgeable to implement all sorts of activities and to overcome problems. Ownership of the savings and the revolving funds developed confidence, selfidentity and skills and boosted up economic empowerment. Adoption of livelihood activities created self-employment opportunities of users for alternative means of earnings that reduced dependency on wetlands to let the resources reestablish. Cohesiveness among the members, networking between community institutions and linked up with comanagement committees and service providers generated an effective social capital. The resources users were empowered with a collective effort to build institutions and implement sustainable use practices resulting in wetland resilience of the resources.

Rural Development Framework of an NGO

The study was undertaken to test the viability of the rural development framework of Gratia Plena Social Action Centre (SAC-GP) using the systems model of evaluation research. SAC-GP is an NGO working in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Income level, employment level, diversification of livelihood activities, social cohesion, Christian values, perceptions of life conditions and services were tested as viability indicators. The rural development framework components of SAC-GP (areas of concern) identified included: strengthening Christian values, people empowerment, livelihood project establishment, health and nutrition programme and environmental preservation. The overall viability tests revealed that SAC-GP rural development framework was highly viable, implying that improvements have been made on socio-economic conditions of damayan groups within the last five years. The study recommends that NGOs such as SAC-GP be provided more funds for continuous technical and or credit assistance and other human resource development activities to allow creation of self-employment opportunities and increased diversification of livelihood activities for the rural poor.

Who is Likely to Become Self Employed in Vietnam?

This paper investigates how workers' opportunity costs affect their entry into self employment in Vietnam. This is important since workers with high opportunity costs who enter self-employment only if motivated by high rewards will contribute a lot to productivity and economic growth, while workers with low opportunity costs who are motivated out of desperation will contribute little. It also provides an indication of the opportunities that foreign firms interested in directly investing in Vietnam are likely to encounter. Other research in Vietnam has found evidence that existing self-employed workers are not just a disadvantaged informal sector. To gauge new self-employment opportunities, this paper focuses on those who entered self-employment in a one-year period, whether they were successful or not. I find that a worker's opportunity cost can increase or decrease the probability of self-employment, depending on the source of the opportunity cost. Therefore the self-employed should make a moderate contribution to economic growth and foreign companies will find some opportunities with high-expected returns and may find some with low returns.

Country of origin as a source of business opportunities

This paper presents an idea-generation tool that aims to help immigrants to recognise opportunities for self-employment. The tool is based on the literatures on opportunity-recognition and on immigrant entrepreneurship. Research has shown that the ideas for possible business opportunities that people generate depend to a large extent on prior knowledge. For immigrants, the country of origin is a vital source of opportunities, since much of their prior knowledge pertains to their home country. In this research, an attempt is made to systematically categorise opportunities deriving from the country of origin. Then, a second step is taken by mapping all categories of opportunities on a human figure (thus literally creating a model). The areas of the body represent opportunity categories, from the feet (import-export opportunities) to the top of the head (styles of haircutting pertaining to country of origin). As a result, a visual, easy-to-understand, highly accessible instrument is created.

Self-Employment Opportunities Abound

Self-Employment Opportunities Abound

Self-Employment Opportunities Abound

Self-Employment Opportunities Abound

Perceptions of physiotherapy compared with nursing and medicine amongst minority ethnic and White UK students: implications for recruitment

Objectives Members of minority ethnic groups are under-represented in many allied health professions including physiotherapy. This research project investigated factors influencing attitudes to careers in physiotherapy amongst UK school and college students, focusing on similarities and differences between minority ethnic and White students. Design Quantitative questionnaire-based study with supplementary follow-up interviews. Setting Schools and colleges local to St. George's Hospital Medical School and Kingston University, UK. Participants Six hundred and fifty-one students from 16 local schools and colleges prior to selecting degree courses and careers. Results Overall, nearly one in six participants said that they knew nothing about physiotherapy, and males were significantly less familiar with it than females. Medicine and nursing were much better known. Three-quarters of participants were aware that physiotherapy is a degree course, but minority ethnic participants were significantly less likely to know this than White participants. Awareness of medicine and nursing as degree courses was greater. White participants were significantly more likely to consider physiotherapy as a career than participants from minority ethnic groups, whereas a career in medicine was more popular with participants from minority ethnic groups. Compared with White participants, minority ethnic participants placed greater importance on doing a degree, a profession, a scientific career, a career's prestige, opportunities for self-employment and a high salary. Such factors may well influence their attitudes to physiotherapy as a career. Conclusions In order to increase the diversity of physiotherapists, the profile of the profession needs to be raised generally with increased awareness of its degree-level course, the scientific, autonomous nature of the work, career opportunities and salary levels.

Supporting Ethnic Community Businesses: Lessons from a West Midlands Asian Business Support Agency

Fallon G. and Berman Brown R. (2004) Supporting ethnic community businesses: lessons from a West Midlands Asian business support agency, Reg. Studies 38, 137–148. This paper contributes to the debate being conducted in academic and public policy-making circles concerning the promotion of work and self-employment opportunities from people facing social exclusion. Using data gathered from semi-structured interviews conducted in a West Midlands ethnic business support agency, the paper explores the nature and effectiveness of the support that it offers to members of the local Asian business community. The paper’s findings point tentatively towards the strengths and weaknesses of the Agency’s provision and the main environmental constraints upon its work. Tentative recommendations are also made for the future development of support for Asian businesses in the locality, focusing on the advantages of improved collaboration between locally-based business support providers.

The effects of gender disparities on dental hygiene education and practice in Europe

In Europe, over 96.5% of dental hygienists are women. The objective of this report was to examine the impact of gender role stereotyping on the image of the dental hygiene profession and on disparities in educational attainment and work regulations within Europe. Data pertaining to regulated or non-regulated dental hygiene practice in 22 European countries were analysed according to possible gender impact on access to education and on the structure of the delivery of care. It was examined whether there is a correlation between national differences found in the dental hygiene profession and gender related disparities found in other work-related areas. Results show that the gender bias in the dental hygiene profession has an effect on equal access to education, and on equal occupational opportunities for dental hygienists within the European Union (EU) and beyond. In northern Europe, higher educational attainment in the field of dental hygiene, more extensive professional responsibilities and greater opportunities for self-employment in autonomous practice tend to correlate with greater equality in the work force. In eastern Europe, lower educational and professional opportunities in dental hygiene correlate with greater gender disparities found in other work-related areas. In some western European countries, the profession has not been implemented because of the political impact of organised dentistry, which expects financial loss from autonomous dental hygiene practice. In order to fulfil mandates of the EU, initiatives must be taken to remove the gender bias in the delivery of preventive care and to promote equal access to educational attainment and to professional development in the whole of Europe for those who choose to do so.

The diffusion of a socially responsible innovation: Grameen Bank's credit delivery system

This paper studies an innovative microlending programme that enables the poor to obtain credit without collateral in order to improve their self-employment and socioeconomic opportunities. We identify the theoretical underpinnings of the unique features that made this programme a success and examine characteristics of the environment, organisation and adopters, which facilitated the diffusion of this socially responsible program to approximately 1050 branches of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Finally, we discuss the implications of this programme to alleviate poverty and stimulate the economy in developed countries.

Direct Sales Franchises in the UK

This article draws on UK data obtained from a useable sample of 673 'independent contractors' active in the field of direct sales franchising. This is a low-cost, low-entry barrier business opportunity, which, at any one time, facilitates 500,000 individuals in the UK, mostly women, experiencing selfemployment without employees. Furthermore, whilst direct sales franchises claim to be the world's largest single provider of part-time, self-employment opportunities, most of the related trading is conducted in the informal economy and is not recorded in official self-employment statistics. The article presents a 2x2, product/service, home-based/external premises, franchise typology by way of background to the principal focus of the article, which is the direct sales segment of the typology. Additionally, this discussion is conducted against the backdrop of the UK's growth in the numbers of selfemployed without employees. In the case of direct selling, we are looking not only at micro-business activities devoid of employees, but also at a sector which operates largely on the basis of part-time economic activities and which manifests attrition rates of around 100 percent annually. Finally, a direct seller typology is presented involving three distinct types:'refugees', 'trade-offs' and 'opportunists'.

A Case Study on Emerging Influence of Internet on Indian Retail Business: Will myshop.com E-tailing Firm be a Success?

This case describes the importance of electronic commerce in the retailing business in India. It narrates various strategies of cyber marketing, digital marketing and other tech - marketing mix in the overall strategies. This case hopes to give better clarity to the students of management when they look for self-employment opportunities through cyber media.

Male Self-Employment in Four European Countries

:This article investigates the patterns of male nonagricultural self-employment in France, Gennany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. It is argued that the development of self-employment in these four countries is based on specific institutional and economic frameworks resulting in different opportunities and incentives for taking up self-employment. These differences affect the relevance of individual resources like education and work experience. The empirical analyses are based on national Labor Force Surveys. Although we find a remarkable number of common general patterns in self-employment in all four countries, the findings also indicate that educational requirements and the relevance of age-related experience differ fundamentally among the four countries and along industrial branches. Specific regulations and general settings in single branches and countries result in distinct opportunities for self-employment.

Self‐Employment and Baby Boomers: Ten Tips for Your Clients

The movement toward growth that characterized American industry for much of this century has now changed to a trend of consolidation. Consolidation typically includes layoffs, reductions in force, and restructuring. Such downsizing has caused baby boomers holding executive, managerial and professional administrative positions to consider self‐employment opportunities. This article discusses how career counselors can assist these clients in evaluating and making the move from corporate America to self‐employment.

GLOBALIZATION: A GOSPEL AND CULTURE PERSPECTIVE

International Review of MissionVolume 85, Issue 336 p. 85-92 GLOBALIZATION: A GOSPEL AND CULTURE PERSPECTIVE K.C. Abraham, K.C. Abraham K.C. Abraham is president of EATWOT, and professor of Theology and Ethics at the United Theological College, Bangalore, India.Search for more papers by this author K.C. Abraham, K.C. Abraham K.C. Abraham is president of EATWOT, and professor of Theology and Ethics at the United Theological College, Bangalore, India.Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6631.1996.tb02734.xCitations: 2 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume85, Issue336January 1996Pages 85-92 RelatedInformation

Paths to Ownership of Small Businesses Among Immigrants in Israeli Cities and Towns

This paper examines the role of location and ethnicity in paths to entrepreneurship among immigrants in Israel. focusing on differences between immigrants of Eastern (Middle Eastern and North African) and Western (European and American) origin, and between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan locations. Analysis is based on census data for cohorts of immigrants defined by age and year of immigration and on a survey of blue-collar and distribution small businesses. The combination of a population of Eastern origin and peripheral location created the most restricted paths to entrepreneurship. These paths were characterized by a high dependency on kinship and social networks for advancement through blue-collar and distribution self-employment opportunities in locations where such opportunities and supportive networks were least available.

The Triple Trust – a three-fold approach

The Triple Trust Organization, an autonomous, independent body in the private sector, was formed in September 1988 in response to the need for self-employment opportunities in the fast-growing black community in the area immediately surrounding Cape Town, South Africa, where the problems of unemployment are particularly acute. The vision is to help people to help themselves by means of a three-fold approach – training, financing and marketing support – working through existing community organizations.

Life Insurance for Disabled Children

To the Editor.— Most parents consider the achievement of financial and psychologic independence as a desirable goal for their children. In our increasingly complex society, these goals are becoming difficult to achieve. To finance self-employment opportunities or to purchase a home, disabled adults usually require life insurance. Because of this, many parents of disabled children apply for life insurance for their child so that these options will be available to them as adults. The life insurance company usually will then request that the child's physician comment on the medical condition and prognosis.

Where are the opportunities for self-employment?

Where are the opportunities for self-employment?

A critical examination of the failure of the junior secondary school curriculum and prevocational studies in Sri Lanka

From 1972 to late 1977, the Junior Secondary Schools of Sri Lanka worked at a reformed curriculum. Introduced in response to a crisis of unemployment amongst educated young people, the curriculum attempted to develop “integrated studies”, as well as more importantly, to orient the schools towards local opportunities for self-employment. The latter objective was sought through Pre-Vocational Studies based on occupations in the neighbourhood of the school, but assessed in part by the central examining authorities and made compulsory for selection to further education.It is argued here that the reform demanded too much of the teachers available, was poorly supported with training and materials and was dishonestly assessed. Losing the confidence of the general public, the teaching profession and the university, the reform was repealed shortly after the election of a new government.