Self-efficacy Of Participants Research Articles

Experiences and views of people with diabetes during Ramadan fasting: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

ObjectivesTo review and appraise the existing qualitative studies on Ramadan fasting in participants with diabetes and to integrate valuable qualitative evidence for optimizing diabetes management.MethodsTwelve databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CINAHL, PsycINFO, JBI (Joanna Briggs institute), Web of Science, and four Chinese databases) were searched to identify qualitative studies on experiences and perspectives of Ramadan fasting in participants with diabetes. CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program) Qualitative Checklists were applied to appraise the included studies. A meta-synthesis approach was used to analyze the included studies. Through the strategy of inductive thematic synthesis and reciprocal interpretation, the findings and quotations of the included studies were integrated into new themes and categories. The CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) tool was used to grade the confidence of the new themes.ResultsA total of 11 qualitative studies were included, and 43 findings were isolated. Ten new themes were identified and synthesized from the findings. Finally, four new categories were integrated, including the knowledge and understanding of observing Ramadan fasting, well-being and challenges, self-efficacy, and needs and expectations of participants with diabetes during Ramadan.ConclusionsInsulin-dependent individuals call for special concern during Ramadan fasting. Ramadan-focused education needs to be developed and generalized, and existing guidelines should be improved to optimize the management of diabetes. Professional HCPs contribute to weigh the health risks and mental satisfaction for their patients, partly, to balance health and religion. Participants’ psychological construction is another concern for religious scholars and psychologists.

An Exploration of the Effectiveness of the Fun For Wellness Online Intervention to Promote Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fun For Wellness (FFW) is an online behavioral intervention developed to promote well-being by enhancing the self-efficacy of participants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of FFW to promote health in adults with obesity in the United States in a relatively uncontrolled setting. The study design was a large-scale, prospective, double-blind, parallel group randomized controlled trial. Data collection occurred at three time points: baseline, 30 days, and 60 days after baseline. There was evidence for a positive direct effect of FFW on physical health status ([Formula: see text] = 1.33, p = .005, d = 0.24) at 60 days after baseline. In addition, there was evidence of a positive indirect effect of FFW on mental health status at 60 days after baseline through psychological well-being self-efficacy ([Formula: see text] = 0.44, [0.05, 0.94]).

코로나 펜데믹으로 인한 운동제약 환경에서 노인 테니스 참가자가 지각하는 운동자기효능감이 운동만족과 운동지속의지에 미치는 영향

This study verified the structural relationship among exercise self-efficacy, exercise satisfaction, and exercise persistence for elderly tennis participants in a social situation in which the exercise constraint environment due to the corona pendemic was strengthened. In order to identify the research objectives, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, and bootstrapping analysis were conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical packages. Verified. Based on the derived research results, the following conclusions were drawn. First, it was found that exercise self-efficacy of elderly tennis participants had a positive effect on exercise satisfaction in the context of the reinforced exercise constraint environment of the Corona Pendemic. Second, it was found that the exercise self-efficacy of elderly tennis participants had a positive effect on the formation of the will to persist in the situation where the exercise constraint environment of the corona pendemic was strengthened.BR Third, it was found that exercise satisfaction of elderly tennis participants had a positive effect on the formation of the will to continue exercise in the context of the reinforced exercise constraint environment of the Corona Pendemic.

운동시작단계 노인 테니스 운동참여자의 운동심상과 운동자기효능감, 운동지속의 구조관계 검증

Purpose: This study investigates the structural relationship among exercise image, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise persistence in the elderly tennis participants at the beginning of exercise.BR Method: In order to identify the research objectives, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, and bootstrapping analysis were conducted and confirmed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical packages. Based on the derived research results, the following conclusions were drawn. The significant level of hypothesis verification is set-up as α=.05.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) It was found that the exercise image of the elderly tennis participants at the beginning of exercise had a positive effect on exercise self-efficacy. 2) It was found that the motor image of the elderly tennis participants at the beginning of the exercise had a positive effect on the will to continue the exercise. 3) It was found that exercise self-efficacy of elderly tennis participants at the beginning of exercise had a positive effect on exercise persistence. 4) The partial mediating effect of exercise self-efficacy was verified in the relationship between the exercise image and the willingness to continue the exercise of the elderly tennis participants at the beginning of exercise.BR Conclusion: In summary, at the point when the factors that limit participation in social and environmental exercise due to the Corona pandemic are reinforced, the elderly who observe the quarantine guidelines and continue to participate in tennis exercise are the ones who want to maintain their health and practice successful aging. It is believed that the psychological intervention strategy enabling the continuation of exercise through reinforcing the perception of the exercise mentality of the tennis exercise & a sense of exercise self-efficacy should be applied to the elderly tennis sports field at the beginning of exercise.

Instilling Belief in the Ability to Change for the Better: Narrative Persuasion for Sleep Hygiene Self-Efficacy

ABSTRACT The present experiment draws on social cognitive theory to examine how story protagonist self-efficacy (high vs. low) influences participants’ sleep hygiene-related self-efficacy and behavior three days after narrative exposure. Social comparisons as factors in narrative impact were examined. To ensure the robustness of findings, two different narratives served as stimuli. Results indicated that immediately after narrative exposure, participants in both the high and low self-efficacy protagonist conditions reported improved self-efficacy. However, only the high self-efficacy condition reported increased self-efficacy three days after narrative exposure, demonstrating lasting impacts. Social comparison moderated the effect of protagonist self-efficacy on participant self-efficacy immediately and three days after exposure: Participants in the high self-efficacy protagonist condition who reported greater social comparison experienced increased sleep-related self-efficacy. Further, a moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that participants with greater social comparison to a high self-efficacy protagonist engaged in more sleep hygiene behaviors as demonstrated in the narrative three days after exposure.

TELEMONITORING MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROFESSIONAL GROUPS IMPROVES THEIR SELF-EFFICACY IN THE CARE OF MINERS

SESSION TITLE: Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 PURPOSE: Given the re-emergence of pneumoconiosis in the U.S., there is a tremendous need to train rural professionals in its multidisciplinary management. The Miners’ Wellness TeleECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) Program in New Mexico, U.S., provides longitudinal multidisciplinary telementoring to professionals taking care of miners. The impact of this approach on the self-efficacy of participants has not been previously evaluated. METHODS: This is a 12-month longitudinal study involving clinical and non-clinical professionals caring for miners. The study outcome was the change in self-efficacy scores, using a customized instrument of 14 measures, grouped into three domains: clinical, medicolegal and soft skills. The primary outcome utilized a retrospective pre–post design that collects “pretest” data at the post-intervention timeframe. RESULTS: Subjects reported significant improvements in nine of 14 items (p<0.05) and a significant decline in one of 14 items (with respect to their ability to interpret pulmonary function test results, p<0.001) since their start dates in the program. Subjects also reported significant improvement with respect to their scores for all three domains and for the 14-item total score (p≤0.01). Existing participants and clinical professional groups demonstrated greater improvement in selected items than fresh participants and non-clinical professional groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first in a stepwise approach to determine the benefit of participating in a multidisciplinary telementoring intervention by improving participant self-efficacy in caring for miners with complex mining-related diseases. Our study finding represents a potential solution to a growing access to care gap for miners with pneumoconiosis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Although future studies will determine whether improved participant self-efficacy correlates with improvement in patient outcomes, our study finding represents a potential solution to a growing access to care gap for miners with pneumoconiosis. This provides the rationale for utilizing systems that are already in place for rapid scaling of the Miners’ Wellness TeleECHO Program at other institutions nationally and globally. DISCLOSURES: no disclosure on file for Nour Assad; No relevant relationships by Ramni Khattar, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Kyla LeSuer, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Orrin Myers, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Brian Soller, source=Admin input No relevant relationships by Akshay Sood, source=Web Response

The Impact of Food Allergy Training on a Teacher’s Self-Efficacy when Managing Food Allergic Students

Food allergy training for teachers remains an important, but commonly overlooked, aspect of education as millions of children have been diagnosed with food allergies. Therefore, it is pertinent teachers receive food allergy training that is most beneficial in growing a teacher's understanding for teachers to be best suited in correctly helping food allergic students. Four food allergy training methods: hands-on in-person (actual handling of epinephrine), non-hands in-person, group video, and individual video, and their effects on the self-efficacy of participants is the focus of this study. Teachers were contacted from within the city of Chicago, both public and private, and from a mixture of food allergy training methods and were administered an online survey which asked questions pertaining to their food allergy knowledge, perception, and self-efficacy. Participants were given statements to which they would respond on a five-point Likert scale, scored using a chi-square test. Ultimately, the hypothesis that teachers who engaged in hands-on in-person would showcase higher levels of self-efficacy, due to higher levels of engagement, was not supported. While several statements proved significant after data analysis, there was not enough significance to prove a meaningful relationship between the self-efficacy and training method.

Pre-service EFL teachers’ readiness in computer-assisted language learning and teaching

ABSTRACT Digital technology plays a crucial role in modern second/foreign language education. Enormous changes in technology and the growing emphasis on 21st century skills raise a concern about English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ competencies in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) more than ever. In response to the mounting concern, this study investigates pre-service EFL teachers’ readiness in the use of CALL in the Hong Kong context. It explores the experiences and self-efficacy of participants with respect to the evaluation of the current English teacher education curriculum for CALL at a university in Hong Kong and factors affecting the participants’ acceptance and willingness to use CALL. In-depth interviews were conducted with six pre-service EFL teachers to reveal the reality of the teachers’ attitudes, perceptions and experiences regarding the use of technology. Findings provide insights into the significance of language teacher education in CALL and ways for fostering pre-service EFL teachers’ knowledge and skills in the implementation of CALL. Practical implications are made for effective teacher training for CALL in EFL contexts.

요가수련 참가 여성의 객체화된 신체의식과 신체존중감이 자기자비와 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to find out the effect of objectified body consciousness & body esteem on self-compassion & self-efficacy for female Yoga participants.<BR> Method: To do this, 462 effective sample data were selected using purposeful sampling of participants who live in G, B, G-do, J-do. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis in SPSS 23.0 FOR Windows statistical package was used.<BR> Results: The results of this study are follows. 1) The sub factors of objectified body consciousness, body shame, positively influenced the negative self-compassion, which is a sub factor of self-compassion. Body surveillant, which is sub factors of objectified body consciousness, negatively influenced the negative self-compassion. 2) Body shame, which is a sub factor of objectified body consciousness, negatively influenced self-confidence, which is a sub factor of self-efficacy. Body shame and control belief which are sub factors of objectified body consciousness, positively influenced self-regulatory efficacy. 3) The sub factor of self-compassion and appearance esteem, which are sub factors of body esteem, positively affected the positive self-compassion which is a sub factor of self-compassion. 4) The sub factor of body esteem, bodily function esteem had a positive effect on self-confidence and appearance esteem which is a sub factor of body esteem positively affected the self-regulatory efficacy which is a sub factor of self-efficacy.<BR> Conclusion: In summary, as a way to improve the self-mercy and self-efficacy of women participating in yoga practice, it is necessary to raise positive thinking about the objectivity and body consciousness of objectified body consciousness.

Mixed-Methods Randomized Evaluation of FAMS: A Mobile Phone-Delivered Intervention to Improve Family/Friend Involvement in Adults' Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care.

Family and friends have both helpful and harmful effects on adults' diabetes self-management. Family-focused Add-on to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) is a mobile phone-delivered intervention designed to improve family/friend involvement, self-efficacy, and self-care via monthly phone coaching, texts tailored to goals, and the option to invite a support person to receive texts. We sought to evaluate how FAMS was received by a diverse group of adults with Type 2 diabetes and if FAMS improved diabetes-specific family/friend involvement (increased helpful and reduced harmful), diabetes self-efficacy, and self-care (diet and physical activity). We also assessed if improvements in family/friend involvement mediated improvements in self-efficacy and self-care. Participants were prospectively assigned to enhanced treatment as usual (control), an individualized text messaging intervention alone, or the individualized text messaging intervention plus FAMS for 6 months. Participants completed surveys at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and postintervention interviews. Between-group and multiple mediator analyses followed intention-to-treat principles. Retention, engagement, and fidelity were high. FAMS was well received and helped participants realize the value of involving family/friends in their care. Relative to control, FAMS participants had improved family/friend involvement, self-efficacy, and diet (but not physical activity) at 3 and 6 months (all ps < .05). Improvements in family/friend involvement mediated effects on self-efficacy and diet for FAMS participants but not for the individualized intervention group. The promise of effectively engaging patients' family and friends lies in sustained long-term behavior change. This work represents a first step toward this goal by demonstrating how content targeting helpful and harmful family/friend involvement can drive short-term effects. NCT02481596.

Pain Neuroscience Education Plus Usual Care Is More Effective than Usual Care Alone to Improve Self-Efficacy Beliefs in People with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

Self-efficacy beliefs are associated with less physical impairment and pain intensity in people with chronic pain. Interventions that build self-efficacy beliefs may foster behavioral changes among this population. A non-randomized trial has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education (PNE) plus usual care in modifying self-efficacy beliefs, pain intensity, pain interference and analgesics consumption in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Participants were allocated to an experimental (PNE plus usual care, n = 49) and a control (usual care alone, n = 51) group. The primary outcome was self-efficacy beliefs (Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale), and the secondary outcomes were pain intensity, pain interference (Graded Chronic Pain Scale) and analgesics consumption. The participant’s pain knowledge (revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire) after PNE intervention was also assessed to analyze its influence on every outcome measure. All the outcome measures were assessed at the baseline and at four-week and four-month follow-ups. PNE plus usual care was more effective than usual care alone to increase self-efficacy beliefs and decrease pain intensity and pain interference at all follow-up points. No differences between groups were found in terms of analgesics consumption. Knowledge of pain neurophysiology did not modify the effects of PNE plus usual care in any of the outcome measures. These results should be taken with caution because of the non-randomized nature of this design, the limited follow-ups and the uncertainty of the presence of clinical changes in self-efficacy for participants. Larger, methodological sound trials are needed.

P39 Culturally Adapting Nutrition Education in a Food Pantry Setting

<h3>Objective</h3> A large urban food pantry explored ethnic group perceptions of its nutrition education program, and associated changes in participant nutrition and health behaviors. <h3>Use of Theory or Research</h3> The theoretical framework for the program is Social Cognitive Theory, which considers the social environment and participant self-efficacy. <h3>Target Audience</h3> Low-income English-, Spanish-, and Chinese-speaking participants who frequent the nutrition education program. <h3>Program Description</h3> The 6-session program provides hands-on learning activities, including cooking demonstrations. Sessions are translated and presented in multiple languages. <h3>Evaluation Methods</h3> A focus group protocol was developed, translated, and implemented with 6 groups (1 English-speaking, 2 Spanish-speaking, and 3 Chinese-speaking) with a total of 56 past nutrition education program participants. Findings were summarized and then compared across ethnic groups. Separately, pre- and post-program data from nutrition education classes (n = 181) implemented in the prior 2 years was analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variances. <h3>Results</h3> Focus group participants reported few barriers and agreed on their preference to combine a pantry visit with class attendance. Participants from all ethnic groups preferred to attend nutrition education programming with friends, however only the Chinese speaking groups made a point of coming with their friends. They reported increased consumption in the amount and variety of fruits and vegetables, as well as increased use of food labels prior to purchase. The analysis of the survey data from the prior 2 years confirmed participants had made significant changes (<i>P</i> < .01) in 5 areas: they increased the number of servings of fruit and vegetables, the variety of fruits and vegetables, and how often they read beverage labels to see if it had added sugar. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results suggest that a nutrition education program, when adapted for language and culture, can assist different ethnic groups in building their capacity in health literacy and making positive health behavior changes. Results also indicate there is an opportunity to deliver more nutrition education when classes are offered in conjunction with a food pantry visit.

An assessment of women’s empowerment in mixed Self-Help Groups in Dhanusha District of Nepal

Introduction: This research project is an assessment of the extent of women’s empowerment in mixed Self Help Groups (SHGs) established by Nepal Leprosy Trust in Dhanusha District of Nepal, which is endemic for leprosy and has a high number of people disabled due to leprosy. Objectives: This study had four main objectives: (1) To assess the participation of women in mixed SHGs; (2) To assess the barriers to women’s empowerment in mixed SHGs; (3) To compare the self-efficacy of women participants of SHGs with that of women who are not participants of SHGs; and (4) To assess the impact of female leadership in mixed-gender SHGs. Methods: Seven Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 10 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 68 interviews using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-H) were carried out by involving a purposively selected sample of 40 women in SHGs, 20 women not in SHGs, 8 women SHG leaders and 10 males of SHGs in Dhanusha District. Quantitative data were summarized into frequencies and percentages using Microsoft Excel 2007, and chi-square tests were done in EPI INFO 7.0. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed in Graph Pad Prism 7.0. Results: The results showed that SHG women have a significantly higher level of self-efficacy, than non-SHG women. Furthermore, the SHG women reported increased levels of confidence and self-esteem. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for gender awareness and equity in the SHG programme and that more women facilitators are important when working with women in SHGs.

“I Gotta Touch that?” Attitudes and Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Teachers Regarding Scary or Disgusting Science

This study focused on our teaching efforts in regard to preparing preservice teachers to one day teach children about ecological concepts that many find scary or disgusting. Specifically, we examined the attitudes these preservice teachers had towards certain invertebrates. These attitudes were compared to their self-efficacy towards teaching about them. A multiple case study design was used, involving both qualitative and quantitative data. Participants were categorized as having positive, neutral, or negative attitudes towards the invertebrates and activities. Self-efficacy for participants’ perceived ability to teach these concepts were categorized as high, medium, or low. Correlations were run to examine relationships between variables of attitudes and self-efficacy. Participants demonstrated more negative than positive reactions towards the invertebrates. Positive correlations between attitudes towards invertebrates and their self-efficacy towards teaching about them were found. This indicates that if we want future teachers to be comfortable teaching about the scary and disgusting aspects of an ecosystem, we need to find ways to help them improve their attitudes towards those aspects of the outdoors.

The effectiveness of interprofessional education on interprofessional collaborative practice and self-efficacy

ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the effect of interprofessional education on practice and the impact of participants’ self-efficacy on interprofessional collaboration. The study was a quasi-experimental study designed with a non-equivalent control group. In this study, 388 medical internship students, nurses and residents participated in the intervention and control groups. Interventions included interprofessional workshops based on case-based learning method, and interprofessional rounds. The interprofessional practice and self-efficacy of participants was assessed. The data were analyzed by RM-ANOVA. The scores of interprofessional performance (F (1.062, 405.684) = 90.327, p = 0.0001, partial η2 = 0.191) and self-efficacy (F (1,202) = 14.30, p = 0.0001, partial η2 = 0.06) in the intervention and control groups had significantly improved over time. The interventions included case-based learning in interprofessional small groups and the structured interprofessional rounds provided situations in which healthcare providers learn and practice to communicate and work together effectively.

“I Wish They Had Asked”: a Qualitative Study of Emotional Distress and Peer Support During Internship

Interns are vulnerable to emotional distress and burnout. Little is known about the extent to which interns' well-being can be influenced by peer support provided by their senior residents. To elucidate contributors to interns' emotional distress and ways that peer support from senior residents may impact intern well-being. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted December 2017-March 2018. Second year residents (n = 11) in internal medicine at a major academic medical center during the data collection period. Constructivist grounded theory approach in which transcripts were analyzed in an iterative fashion using constant comparison to identify themes and to create a conceptual model. The investigators identified three themes around emotional distress and two themes around resident peer support. Distress was a pervasive experience among participants, caused by a combination of contextual factors that decreased emotional resilience (e.g., sleep deprivation) and acute triggers (e.g., patient death) that led to an abrupt increase in distress. Participants grappled with identity reconciliation throughout internship. Reaching clinical competency reinforced self-efficacy for participants. With regard to peer support, participants recalled that resident support was ad hoc, primarily involving task support and debriefing traumatic events. Participants reflected that their intern experiences shaped their supervisory support style once they became senior residents; they did not perceive any formalized, systematic approach to supporting interns. We propose a model illustrating key points at which near-peers can make an impact in reducing interns' distress and suggest strategies they can use. Given the substantial role peer learning plays in intern development, senior residents can impact their interns by normalizing emotions, allowing vulnerability, and highlighting the importance of self-care. A formalized peer support skill-building curriculum for senior residents may empower them to provide more effective support as part of their supervisory efforts.

Engaging Diverse Citizen Scientists for Environmental Health: Recommendations from Participants and &lt;i&gt;Promotoras&lt;/i&gt;

Environmental health citizen science (CS) offers a strategy for historically disenfranchised community members to inform research questions, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions about contaminants in their local environments to inform local action. In this study, direct feedback from demographically diverse participants and <em>promotoras</em> (community health workers) in a co-created environmental health CS project informs understanding of CS participant motivation, support, and barriers to participation. Study findings reflect a lack of association between participant self-efficacy and race, income, or education level, respectively; however specific types of motivation, participation support, and barriers to participation were found to be more relevant among participants of certain demographic groups or communities compared to others. These findings inform the following recommendations for engaging diverse CS participants: 1) Consider existing relationships and community-identified problems as participant motivation, 2) Design participant methods to include personal support structures and relationship-building, and, 3) Design for participant time and technology access as significant limitations to participation. These findings serve to inform best practices in environmental health CS, as well CS project design for diverse participants.

Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening Participation in Southern Khorasan (Iran).

Colorectal cancer is one of the most important common malignancies; therefore, timely screening for colorectal cancer can lead to early diagnosis and long survival for patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the related factors in fecal occult blood test for screening of colorectal cancer based on health belief model constructs in high-risk population in east of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on 475 people over 40years old in Birjand (East of Iran) who were selected by multi-stage sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test in the SPSS software version 19s. In this study, 480 subjects were included in the final analysis, 331 (69%) were male, and the rest of them were female. Mean age of the participants was 55.12 with the standard deviation of 10.04. Of those studied population, 8.3% performed screening tests for early detection of colorectal cancer, and 15% intended to do so. There was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal disease history and perceived self-efficacy and test performance. In addition, significant relationship was observed between perceived self-efficacy in male participants and intention to do test (p < 0.05). Perceived self-efficacy was the most salient predictor of the probability of undergoing fecal occult blood testing as well as the history of the test. Promoting perceived self-efficacy is very important in the process of promoting colorectal cancer screening behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that when designing educational interventions, consideration should be given to enhancing the perceived self-efficacy of at-risk individuals to overcome the barriers for performing fecal occult blood testing.

Determining the Prevalence of and the Factors Associated with Antihypertensive Medication Non-Adherence in the Gaza Strip.

BackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with antihypertensive medication (A-HTNM) non-adherence among hypertension care seekers attending primary health clinics in the Gaza Strip.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted as the recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial including 538 participants. The participants were randomly selected from 10 primary health care centers by two-stage cluster random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interview. The questionnaire was developed based on the World Health Organization determinants for medication non-adherence and the Health Belief Model. The main outcomes of this study were the prevalences of A-HTNM non-adherence and its associated factors. Adherence status was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Self-Report Medication Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed by STATA ver. 14.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA) using a standard complex survey, accounting for unresponsiveness and the clustering sampling approach.ResultsThe overall prevalence of A-HTNM non-adherence was 65.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.2–71.8). Among all studied predictors, only self-efficacy of participants (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 1.79–2.84) and social support (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.82–5.11) remained significantly associated with A-HTNM non-adherence after adjusting for age, education level, number and frequency of A-HTNM doses per day, and comorbidities.ConclusionThe high prevalence of non-adherence highlights the need for serious intervention to enhance the adherence rate among hypertension patients. The associated factors can be considered when developing appropriate interventions.

Bus Workers' Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion.

We conducted a focus group discussion with bus workers to evaluate their experiences and perceptions, as well as their reasons for participating in a program for vulnerable workers. The study also sought to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program. A total of nine bus workers participated in the focus group discussion. The focus group discussion was conducted based on a semi-structured guide, which was developed from discussions among the researchers and a review of major preliminary studies. The verbatim transcriptions were analyzed using content analysis. The sole existence of a health promotion program for vulnerable workers in Ulsan was sufficient to attract participants who had not been involved in other health management programs. Participants reported that participation in the program mitigated some of their musculoskeletal symptoms, which are often faced by bus workers. The findings of this study may contribute to the expansion of the health promotion program targeting workers in vulnerable working environments in Ulsan and other places. In order to increase users’ satisfaction and the sustainability of the program, it is necessary to develop a strategy to increase the accessibility of the program and enhance the self-efficacy of participants.