Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

Exercise Self-efficacy Improvements During Cardiac Rehabilitation: IMPACT OF SOCIAL DISPARITIES.

The objective of this study was to determine exercise self-efficacy improvements during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and identify predictors of exercise self-efficacy change in CR participants. Patients with coronary heart disease at four metropolitan CR sites completed the Exercise Self-efficacy Scale at entry and completion. A general linear model identified independent predictors of change in exercise self-efficacy. The mean age of patients (n = 194) was 65.9 ± 10.5 yr, and 81% were males. The majority (80%) were married or partnered, 76% were White, and 24% were from an ethnic minority background. Patients received CR in-person (n = 91, 47%) or remote-delivered (n = 103, 54%). Exercise self-efficacy mean scores improved significantly from 25.2 ± 5.8 at CR entry to 26.2 ± 6.3 points at completion ( P = .025). The majority of patients (59%) improved their self-efficacy scores, 34% worsened, and 7% had no change. Predictors of reduced exercise self-efficacy change were being from an ethnic minority (B =-2.96), not having a spouse/partner (B =-2.42), attending in-person CR (B =1.75), and having higher exercise self-efficacy at entry (B =-0.37) (adjusted R2 = 0.247). Confidence for self-directed exercise improves in most, but not all, patients during CR. Those at risk for poor improvement (ethnic minorities, single patients) may need extra or tailored support, and screening for exercise self-efficacy at CR entry and completion is recommended. Differences identified from CR delivery mode need exploration using robust methods to account for complex factors.

Translation and psychometric testing of the simplified version of the health-related diet and exercise self-efficacy scale in China

BackgroundMeasuring health-related diet and exercise self-efficacy is an important first step in improving healthy behaviors and health outcomes. However, we did not find a self-efficacy measurement in Chinese that is specifically targeted at diet and exercise self-efficacy among healthy adults.AimThe present study aimed to translate the Health-Related Diet and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale -simplified version into Mandarin Chinese (HRDESES) and evaluate its reliability and validity in Chinese healthy adults.MethodsThe HRDESES was translated and adapted to the Chinese context, with a good content validity of 0.86 among seven experts. The survey was then carried out in 216 adults in Hunan, China. Testing of the reliability included internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, while validity included content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity.ResultsThe Cronbach's α of the HRDESES was 0.87 for the total scale, 0.86 for the diet subscale and 0.91 for the exercise subscale; the McDonald's ω of the HRDESES-SC was 0.85 for the total scale, 0.86 for the diet subscale and 0.91 for the exercise subscale, all demonstrating good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was 0.88 for the total scale, 0.81 for the diet subscale and 0.82 for the exercise subscale, demonstrating good test-retest reliability. For construct validity, the scale effectively distinguished subjects by age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, and family income, showing good discriminant validity. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure of the scale: diet and exercise subscale. It was demonstrated that the HRDESES was highly associated with the General Self-Efficacy Scale and its two subscales, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.83 to 0.86 (p < 0.05), showing high criterion validity.ConclusionThe HRDESES had good reliability and validity and could be used as a simple and effective tool for assessing the health-related diet and exercise self-efficacy in Chinese healthy adults.

Exercise Self-Efficacy and patient global assessment were associated with 6-min walk test distance in persons with rheumatoid arthritis

IntroductionLow functional capacity is related to future loss of daily function and cardiovascular events. The present study explored the associations of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and disease-specific measures with functional capacity as measured by the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsSeventy-nine participants from rheumatology outpatient clinics were included. The distance walked during the 6MWT (6MWD) was the dependent variable in multivariable regression analyses. Model 1 included the independent variables sex, age (in tertiles to improve model fit), and body mass index (BMI). Building on Model 1, Model 2 added smoking, patient global assessment (PGA), Exercise Self-Efficacy, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’s Depression score, and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale score, whereas Model 3 added smoking, disease duration, present use of glucocorticosteroids, seropositivity, Disease Activity Score 28—C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP), and a comorbidity variable.ResultsMedian age was 65 years, 76% were female, and median 6MWD was 493 m. In Model 1, BMI and age were significantly associated with the 6MWD (R2 = 0.42). In Model 2, PGA and Exercise Self-Efficacy were also significantly associated with the 6MWD, with standardized regression coefficients of − 0.21 (p = 0.03) and 0.26 (p = 0.004) respectively (R2 = 0.54). The RA-specific variables in Model 3 were not significantly associated with the 6MWD (R2 = 0.49).ConclusionThe PROMs PGA and Exercise Self-Efficacy were significantly associated with functional capacity as measured by the 6MWT in persons with RA, whereas disease-specific measures such as DAS28-CRP and disease duration were not.Key Points• Functional capacity measured with the 6-minute walk test was significantly associated with body massindex, age, patient global assessment, and Exercise Self-Efficacy in persons with RA.• Patient-reported outcome measures explained more of the variation in functional capacity than objectiveor composite measures of disease and are relevant measures in clinical follow-up.• Techniques that enhance self-efficacy for exercise should be incorporated into clinical practice topromote physical activity.

Influencing Factors of Physical Activity in Patients with Lung Cancer Surgery and Its Correlation with Exercise Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support.

Purpose The aim of the study is to understand the current status of physical activity in patients with lung cancer surgery, explore its influencing factors, and analyze the correlation between physical activity and exercise self-efficacy and perception of social support. Methods The General Information Questionnaire was designed for 145 patients, Chinese version of EPIC-PAQ physical activity scale for lung cancer patients. The Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (SEE) is used to evaluate the ability of people to organize and execute motor behaviors in various difficult situations. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) was used to emphasize individual self-understanding and self-feeling. Results The median and quartile of total physical activity scores in lung cancer surgery patients were 73.0 (34.8, 129.7) points; univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in physical activity levels among lung cancer surgery patients with different ages, work status before hospitalization, and perceived disease severity. The results of multivariate analysis showed that age, perceived disease severity, exercise self-efficacy, and total score of perceived social support affected the physical activity level of patients (P < 0.05). Efficacy were positively correlated with perceived social support (P < 0.01). Conclusion The level of physical activity of patients undergoing lung cancer surgery needs to be further improved. Physical activity is affected by patient age, perceived disease severity, exercise self-efficacy, and perceived social support and is positively correlated with exercise self-efficacy and perceived social support. Medical staff should provide targeted activity guidance according to the age and other characteristics of patients undergoing lung cancer surgery, enhance patients' exercise self-efficacy and comprehend social support, and improve their physical activity level, thereby promoting patients' early recovery.

The Effect of Self-Selected Exercise Workloads on Perceived Enjoyment and Self-Efficacy in Sedentary Adults.

Self-selected workloads are shown to be more enjoyable than researcher-selected workloads. In addition, it is unclear if sedentary adults find aerobic interval or continuous exercise more pleasant. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two acute bouts (interval vs. continuous) of self-selected moderate-intensity treadmill exercises on perceived enjoyment and self-efficacy towards exercise in a sedentary cohort. Methods: Sixteen sedentary adults completed two 30 min bouts of moderate-intensity treadmill activity, one interval and one continuous. Participants blindly (could not see speed, grade, and heart rate) selected their own treadmill workload with guidance from the Borg RPE 6–20 scale. Post-exercise self-efficacy and perceived enjoyment were assessed using the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, respectively. Exercise workloads using treadmill speed and grade and exercise heart rate were compared between trials. Results: No significant differences were found between conditions for self-selected workloads (p = 0.62), self-efficacy (p = 0.58), perceived enjoyment (p = 0.41), and heart rate (p = 0.12). Discussion: Sedentary individuals reported no difference in self-efficacy or perceived exercise enjoyment. Participants were, however, adequate in self-selecting their own intensities with RPE guidance as there were no differences in the workloads across conditions. These results suggest that when able to self-select moderate-intensity exercise workloads, sedentary individuals equally enjoy both interval and continuous exercise.

Effects of technology-supported brain breaks videos on exercise self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes mellitus Malaysians

The technology supported Brain Breaks (BB) videos are a series of structured, web-based physical activity (PA) videos designed to promote learning and health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BB videos on exercise self-efficacy (ESE) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using the Malay-versioned exercise self-efficacy scale (ESE-M). The study used a double-blind research design and was randomised into two groups: (1) The Technology Supported BB intervention group, and (2) the control group. 70 T2DM patients with a mean age of 57.6 years (SD = 8.5) were recruited from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For 4 months, participants in the intervention group were required to undertake PA every day using the BB videos (approximately 10 min). Both groups completed the ESE-M at pre-intervention, the end of the first month, the second month, the third month, and post-intervention. For the data analysis, a mixed factorial analysis of variance was used. The results showed that at the end of the intervention, the two groups’ ESE was significantly different (p < 0.001). From pre- to post-intervention, the intervention group’s ESE-M mean scores improved significantly. Technology-supported BB videos may be an effective strategy for improving ESE in T2DM patients.

Correlation between self-efficacy, fear of movement, empowerment, enablement, and number of visits to physiotherapist among patients with musculoskeletal disorders in primary health care: a feasibility study

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders are a costly burden for health care and social care services. Patients with musculoskeletal disorders are often treated by physiotherapists in primary health care. Psychosocial variables can be a significant obstacle to recovering from musculoskeletal injuries.The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of performing a prospective study investigating whether self-efficacy, fear of movement, empowerment, or enablement has any relation to the number of visits to physiotherapists among patients with a musculoskeletal disorder in primary health care.MethodsProspective study with a consecutive selection including eleven female and eight male patients age ranged between 22 and 82 years old seeking physiotherapist for the first time for a musculoskeletal disorder in primary health care. Primary outcome measures included operational and practical feasibility regarding recruitment of participants, use of questionnaires, and key variables to be collected as part of the study. Secondary outcomes included the correlation between self-efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES-S)), fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-SV)), empowerment (Making Decisions Scale), enablement (Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI)), and the number of visits to physiotherapists. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics version 28 with analysis of correlation using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.ResultsNineteen patients accepted to participate in the study and were included in the final analysis. Between 14 and 18 completed questionnaires were included.There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of visits to the physiotherapist and self-efficacy, rho=0.692 and p=0.006.ConclusionThe results of the study showed that the design is feasible in terms of recruitment of participants and use of questionnaires. New variables to collect in a large-scale study were identified. In a large-scale study, attention needs to be focused on the improvement of the number of completed questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the present care of patients with a low level of self-efficacy is not optimal.

A Study on the Correlation Between Undergraduate Students' Exercise Motivation, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Exercise Behaviour Under the COVID-19 Epidemic Environment.

The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic has influenced human beings from various aspects including physical exercise behaviours. This study aims to explore the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on exercise self-efficacy and exercise behaviour, as well as the intermediary effects of exercise motivation. A sample of 1,115 undergraduate students was investigated using the physical exercise behaviour scale, exercise self-efficacy scale, and exercise motivation scale, combined with the COVID-19 epidemic environment as an influencing factor. SPSS was used for statistical analysis and AMOS for the prediction model building. Logical analysis was undertaken to sort out and analyse the data. The structural equation model reveals that exercise self-efficacy has a positive effect on exercise motivation and exercise behaviour. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 epidemic environment negatively influences exercise behaviour through the intermediary role of exercise self-efficacy and exercise motivation. Moreover, the intermediary effect of exercise self-efficacy is greater than that of exercise self-efficacy and exercise motivation. This study provides both theoretical implications and practical guidelines for society and undergraduate students to improve their exercise behaviour during epidemic.

Self-Efficacy, Exercise Anticipation and Physical Activity in Elderly: Using Bayesian Networks to Elucidate Complex Relationships.

AimTo explore the correlation of exercise anticipation, self-efficacy and lower limb function in the elderly, and identify active predictors of exercise. The time up and go (TUG) has been used to access basic mobility skills, as well as strength, balance and agility, which is used in a range of population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey approach was employed in this study, assessing the functional relationship of the level of exercise anticipation, modified gait efficacy scale (mGES), self-efficacy for exercise scale (SEE), perceived efficacy of patient–physician interactions (PEPPI-10), behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire (BREQ), and the time up and go (TUG) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Consequently, we constructed the Bayesian network model utilizing Genie 2.3, in order to effectively determine clear negative and positive correlations.ResultsThis investigation incorporated a total of 285 patients. The results of Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the TUG effectively correlated with age (r = 0.158, P < 0.01), drinking (r=−0.362, P < 0.01), mGES (r=−0.254, P < 0.01), PEPPI (r=−0.329, P < 0.01), SEE (r =−0.408, P < 0.01), BREQ (r = 0.676, P < 0.01), EA (r =−0.688, P < 0.01) and IPAQ (r =−0.742, P < 0.01). TUG can be used as the direct influencing factor of IPA, and five nodes in the model can be considered the primary indirect influencing factors of TUG, such as drinking, EA, age, sex and mGES in Bayesian network. The sensitivity analysis of the model confirmed that TUG (0.059), drinking (0.087), EA (0.335), age (0.080), sex (0.164), mGES (0.028) and hypertension (0.030) can become the sensitivity evaluation indicators of IPAQ in the elderly community population, in which the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 59.6% (2207/3705), indicating a suitable prediction performance.ConclusionExercise anticipation and life behavior habit can effectively predict physical activity capability in the elderly. These findings can help clinicians establish effective intervention to improve the physical activity regularly of the elderly.

Association Between Exercise Self-Efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Dialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundExercise self-efficacy is a vital determinant of an individual’s active participation in regular exercise, and exercise is a critical component of improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in dialysis patients. This study aimed to describe the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and HRQOL in dialysis patients.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China. Structured questionnaires distributed to the patients collected socio-demographic and disease-related information. Physical activity was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire, and the exercise self-efficacy scale (ESES) was used to measure exercise self-efficacy. HRQOL was evaluated by the kidney disease quality of life instrument-short form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SF™ v1.3). Data were analyzed using a univariate generalized linear model, Spearman correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression.ResultsA positive association was observed between exercise self-efficacy and HRQOL (r = 0.310, p < 0.001). Physical activity as a predictor variable explained 9.8% of the variance in overall HRQOL (p < 0.001). Exercise self-efficacy explained an additional 7.1% of the HRQOL variance. In total, 24.6% of the variation in the HRQOL was explained by the socio-demographic variables, disease-related factors, physical activity, and exercise self-efficacy.ConclusionOverall, only 16.9% of the change in HRQOL was explained by physical activity and exercise self-efficacy. Future research is still needed to further explore the factors influencing the HRQOL in dialysis patients. However, this finding suggests the need to consider the importance of HRQOL and physical activity as well as exercise self-efficacy when developing intervention programs.

Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on self-esteem and self- efficacy among coronary artery diseases patients

Background: Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition that involves atherosclerotic plaque formation in the vessel lumen. This leads to impairment in blood flow and thus oxygen delivery to the myocardium. It is a cause of major morbidity and mortality rate. Low self-esteem and efficacy are major problems in coronary artery diseases patients. A progressive muscle relaxation technique is one of the complementary therapies which has positive impacts on self-efficacy and self-esteem, revocable personal resource that influences disease outcomes, rehabilitation adherence, and health-related quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on self-esteem and self-efficacy among coronary artery disease patients. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Sample: 100 adult patients with coronary artery disease were selected on purpose as the sample. The study and control groups, each with 50 patients, were equally and randomly assigned to the participants. Setting: This study was conducted at the cardiology unit and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University Hospital. Tools: the used tools were: Tool (1) a structured interviewing questionnaire, Tool (2) a cardiac self-efficacy scale, Tool (3) a cardiac exercise self-efficacy scale, and Tool (4) Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.

Effects of a WeChat-based individualized post-discharge rehabilitation program on patients with lumbar fusion surgery.

Exercise training after lumbar fusion surgery (LFS) is important for regaining the strength in the spinal muscles, pain management, and minimizing dysfunction. It may be prudent to evaluate technologies such as web-based chat and social media apps for increasing the efficacy of post-surgery interventions in LFS patients. To explore the effectiveness of a WeChat-based individualized post-discharge rehabilitation program in patients with LFS. Seventy-two eligible discharged LFS patients were enrolled from October 2018 to February 2019. The experimental group (36 cases) received a 10-week WeChat-based individualized rehabilitation program, while the control group (36 cases) received routine follow-up guidance. The outcomes were measured using the Exercise Compliance Questionnaire, Numerical Rating Scale, Oswestry Disability Index and Chinese version of the self-efficacy for exercise scale. The analysis using generalized estimation equations method shows significant differences in the interaction effect of group*time in exercise compliance (Wald c2= 7.459, P< 0.05), group effect in pain (Wald c2= 5.811, P< 0.05) and self-efficacy (Wald c2= 16.383, P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the group effect in dysfunction improvement (Wald c2= 2.289, P> 0.05). The WeChat-based rehabilitation intervention can improve exercise compliance and self-efficacy, and help achieve greater pain relief compared to the routine intervention. However, the WeChat-based intervention did not offer better improvement in the self-dysfunction in the post-discharge LFS patients.

The impact of self-efficacy on physical activity in the elderly

Background: Sufficient physical activity is a lifestyle that must become a habit in the elderly so that it can reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the correlation self-efficacy with physical activity in the elderly.Methods: The research study design was cross sectional on 106 elderly people aged &gt;60 years in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Collecting data by interview using the global physical activity questioner (GPAQ) and the self-efficacy for exercise scale (SEE). Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically; the relationship was obtained if p&lt;0.05.Results: Most of the respondents have high physical activity (58%), 29% have medium physical activity, and 13% have low physical activity. There is a correlation between self-efficacy and physical activity (r=0.60, p=0.000). In addition, there is also a correlation between comorbidities (r=0.33, p=0.018) and occupation (r=0.631, p=0.000) with physical activity.Conclusions: Sufficient physical activity influenced by self-efficacy, occupation, and comorbidities as much as 40% and 60% explained by others.

Development of a Coaching Protocol to Enhance Self-efficacy Within Outpatient Physical Therapy

ObjectiveTo describe the development of the Specific, Measurable, Action-Oriented, Realistic, and Timed (SMART) Coaching Protocol to increase exercise self-efficacy in middle-aged and older adults participating in Live Long Walk Strong (LLWS) Rehabilitation Program. LLWS Rehabilitation Program is an innovative physical therapist (PT) delivered outpatient intervention for middle- and older-aged adults with slow gait speed. DesignPhase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) with masked outcome assessment. We applied the Knowledge to Action Framework to develop and implement the LLWS SMART Coaching Protocol within an RCT for the LLWS Rehabilitation Program. Data will be collected at baseline and post intervention at 2, 8 and 16 weeks. SettingOutpatient; VA Boston Healthcare System. ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling veterans (N=198) (older than 50 years) with slow gait speed (<1.0 m/s). InterventionsParticipants will be randomized to the LLWS Rehabilitation Program, an 8-week (10-session) PT-delivered intervention, or wait-list control group. Each study visit will introduce a new SMART Coaching module focused on goal setting, exercise adherence, and addressing internal and external barriers to meeting exercise goals. Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome is gait speed and secondary outcome is the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale. ConclusionsIncorporating cognitive behavioral tools in physical therapy intervention research is critical for targeting motivational processes needed for exercise behavior change.

EXERCISE BEHAVIOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

The aim of this study was to examine the exercise behavior of the students of the Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (PT) Department studying at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa. 77 1st grade PT students (56 females, 21 males) were included in this study. Students' sports habits and demographic information were questioned by a questionnaire. Exercise Stages Change Scale-Short Form (ESCS-SF), Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) and Exercise Decision-Making Balance Scale (EDMBS) for exercise behavior and International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) for physical activity were used. The mean age of the students was 19,70±2,4 years. 9.1% of students reported that they do exercises regularly. Distribution of students according to 5-behavioral stages of ESCS-SF: 2.6%“continuation”, 15.6%“movement“, 42.9% “preparation”, 33.8%“thinking” and 5.2%“not thinking”. The mean scores of ESES and EDMBS were 10.01± 88 and 4.16±2.32. 97,4% of them reported a positive perception of exercise. 14.3% of them were low, 72.7% were moderate, and 13% were high level of physical activity. A significant positive correlation was found between IPAQ-SF total score and EDMBS -General and ESES Scores (p&lt;0.05). Although the majority of the PT students had a positive perception of exercise, it was observed that they participated in exercise at a low level, according to the results of the study. Exercise self-efficacy was low and exercise self-efficacy was related to physical activity. We think that it is an important step to define students’ exercise behavior and to gain a lifelong exercise habit.

ActivO.T.: An Occupation-Based Approach to Health Promotion

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To conduct a preliminary trial of an occupation-based health promotion program rooted in social cognitive theory. <h3>Design</h3> The study was organized such that participants daily session including 3 components: 1] an educational component describing a construct of social-cognitive theory (SCT) associated with physical activity (PA) engagement, 2] identification of a preferred PA, and 3] modification of the preferred PA with the assistance of a graduate student over the course of 5 consecutive days. <h3>Setting</h3> The study occurred on a University campus within the Occupational Therapy division. <h3>Participants</h3> Each enrolled participant (n=4) was a survivor of brain injury at least 6 months post-injury. Each participant signed an informed consent document, and completed a battery of questionnaires on Day 1 and Day 5 of the program. <h3>Interventions</h3> During each session, participants completed an educational component regarding a SCT variable associated with PA behavior change (e.g., social support). Participants engaged in a learning activity related to the educational component as appropriate to the daily SCT topic in accordance with their identified PA preference. In the first session, students worked with participants to identify a preferred activity. During the second session, students discussed barriers to their participation in the identified activity. In the third session, students trialed adaptations to the preferred activities for increased participation. Fourth and fifth sessions provided opportunities for participants to engage in the activity with student-suggested adaptations, and to continue to work with students to promote independent participation. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Primary outcomes included self-efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and TBI Self-Efficacy Scale), and anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). <h3>Results</h3> Preliminary results indicate a large program effect on depressive symptoms (d=0.92), a moderate effect on exercise self-efficacy (d=-0.64) and TBI self-efficacy (d=-0.65), and a small effect on symptoms of anxiety (d=0.36). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study suggests an occupation-based program founded in SCT may be an effective method of managing symptoms of anxiety and depression and increasing self-efficacy among survivors of TBI. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> N/A.

Effect of peer-led adapted aquatics on functional fitness, self-efficacy, and postural stability among older adults

ABSTRACT This pilot study was conducted to identify the effects of an 8-week aquatics program with peer-led learning on the functional fitness, postural stability, self-efficacy, and quality of life in older adults. Twenty older adults with a mean age of 65.5 were assigned to either a non-peer-led group or a peer-led-group. Both groups received 60-min aquatics classes twice per week. Variables were measured by the Senior Fitness Test, postural stability tests, the Activity-Specific Balance Confidence scale, the Falls Efficacy Scale–International, the Exercise Self-efficacy scale, and a quality of life question. The results showed a significant main effect of time on all dependent measures of functional fitness and quality of life question. There was no significant interaction between time and group for any dependent measure. This study demonstrated that peer-led learning in aquatics for older adults brought equal effects to classes taught by young instructors.

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the exercise self-efficacy scale in people with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND:Exercise self-efficacy has been identified as one of the primary determinants of physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, assessment of exercise self-efficacy is important to be measured with valid and reliable scale to provide tailored interventions.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The English version of the exercise self-efficacy scale was translated into Persian using a forward-backward translation approach. Factorial validity was conducted using the expletory factor analysis (EFA) and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In addition, construct validity was performed using convergent and known-group validity. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Participants were recruited from two hospitals (MS clinics).RESULTS:Expletory factor analysis identified a single factor structure which explained 64.7% variance in exercise self-efficacy scale (EXSE). CFA supported a single factor structure with a good model fit. Average variance extracted = 0.60 and composite reliability = 0.93 values confirmed the convergent validity. The known-group validity was verified with significant differences between subgroups. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.93 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85 supported reliability of EXSE scale.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings provided sufficient evidence of validity and reliability for EXSE scale in people with MS. This measure can utilize by researchers and health-care providers in studies and clinical practice as a robust measure to assess exercise self-efficacy and to develop interventions in people with MS.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale in Pregnant Women

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale in Pregnant Women

Ergenler Arasında Fiziksel Aktivite, Egzersiz Öz-Yeterlilik Düzeyi ve Davranış Değişikliği Aşamalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: This study aims to assess the level of physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and the stages of change for exercise behavior among adolescents.Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as descriptive. The study population consisted of 529 students attending at a high school. No sample selection method was used. The whole of the population was tried to be reached and the study was carried out with 500 students. The data for the study were collected using a personal information questionnaire, the Exercise Self-efficacy Scale Questionnaire, the Exercise Stages of Change Short Form and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form.Results: The study found that 37,6% of the adolescents were physically active at a moderate level and 36,4% were in the pre-contemplation stage of exercise change phases. The mean exercise self-efficacy score among the adolescents was moderate (13,64±6,06). Data analysis showed that as the physical activity levels of adolescents increased, their exercise self-efficacy scores increased.Conclusion: It was found that exercise self-efficacy scores of adolescents increased as both exercise change stages and physical activity levels increased. It is recommended to provide training for adolescents in order to make their conditions suitable for physical activity, to provide appropriate time and to increase the desire of young people in this regard. It is recommended that the trainings be conducted taking into account the stages of change adolescents are in.