Self-control Research Articles

A clinical controlled trial of two different PICC catheter positioning methods

Objective To compare the consistency of two different peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) catheter tip positioning methods of the chest X-ray and full digital color cardiovascular ultrasound diagnostic system in PICC patients. Methods A total of 157 cases of patients who underwent PICC catheterization in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from 1st March to 31st December 2015 were selected. Self-control trial was applied, using full digital color cardiovascular ultrasound diagnostic system to determine the position of the catheter tip when implanting and using chest X-ray to reconfirm after catheterization. Results All 157 cases of patients were catheterized successfully. The correlation between the two methods of localization was tested, Spearman correlation coefficient rs=0.450 (P<0.001) , Pearson serial number r=0.710 (P<0.001) , showed that the two localization methods had certain relevance. The consistency test results showed that Kappa value was 0.390 (P<0.001) in the three classification method, and Kappa value was 0.707 (P<0.001) in the two classification method, and the two localization methods had certain consistency. The sensitivity of the cardiovascular ultrasound method was 98.6%, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.917 (P<0.001) , which showed a higher accuracy in cardiovascular ultrasound method. Conclusions Cardiovascular ultrasound can be used as another clinical method to determine the position of the PICC catheter tip, and it is worthy of promotion in clinical practice. Key words: Cardiovascular ultrasound; Peripherally inserted central catheters; Catheter tip position

Delay of Gratification, Delay Discounting and their Associations with Age, Episodic Future Thinking, and Future Time Perspective.

The delay of gratification (DoG) in children is widely investigated with an experimental procedure originally called the “marshmallow test,” whereas the studies on self-regulation (SR) in adolescents and adults usually use self-report questionnaires. Delay discounting (DD) measures simplify the DoG procedure and focus on monetary rewards. The aim of this study was to investigate age differences in DoG and DD from childhood to old age using a test that is suitable for both children and adults. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the association between DoG/DD and two future orientation constructs [future time perspective (FTP) and episodic future thinking (EFT)] as well as age differences in these constructs. Participants from five age groups (9–14, 18–25, 35–55, 65–80, 80+) participated in the study (N = 96). While we found no age difference for DoG, DD was the lowest [i.e., self-control (SC) was the highest] in young/middle adults; however, it was the highest (i.e., SC was the lowest) in children and old/oldest adults. Furthermore, we found significant age differences for DD and FTP. As predicted, there were strong correlations between DoG and FTP and between DD and FTP, but not between DoG/DD and EFT. These results indicate that age differences in SR vary across the measures used. Individuals who generally think and act in a future-oriented manner have a stronger ability to delay gratification.

Effects on the labor four elements of continuous epidural analgesia in labor

Objective To explore the influence of continuous epidural analgesia in labor (hereinafter referred to as labor analgesia) to the labor four elements. Methods The study included 210 parturients with analgesia during labor, form cervix opens 2 cm, based on the parturients′ choose. Observe the differences in the labor analgesia parturients, through the force of labor and birth canal, fetal and psychology. Results The uterine-work after analgesia showed a trend of rising first, then dropping, reduce abdominal pressure (t=46.78, P<0.01), and the contractive ability of musculus levator ani (t=20.99, P<0.01); Soften uterus cervix (t=3.59, P<0.01) and reduced the pelvic floor muscle convergent force (t=66.90, P<0.01); Decreased the fetal heart rate range (t=6.00, P<0.01), increased fetal heat deceleration times (t=6.85, P<0.01). The differences in the position of fetus was not statistically significant (χ2=6.00, P<0.01); Lower the pain score in the labor stage (t=60.25, P<0.01), increased the self-control score during the labor (t=24.30, P<0.01) and the satisfaction score during the labor, after analgesia (t=36.61, P<0.01). Conclusions The labor analgesia influenced labor elements, include the force of labor and birth canal, fetal and psychology, or promote or restrict or maintain. Key words: Continuous epidural analgesia; Labor analgesia; The labor four elements

The Effect of Parental Psychological Control and Adolescent‘s Self-Control on Relational Aggression of Adolescent Children

The Effect of Parental Psychological Control and Adolescent‘s Self-Control on Relational Aggression of Adolescent Children

The Effect of Mother's Parenting Attitude on Middle School Students' Self-Control Ability and Anger Expression Method

The Effect of Mother's Parenting Attitude on Middle School Students' Self-Control Ability and Anger Expression Method

Effect of Self-regulation Group Counseling Program on Self-esteem and Self-control of Adolescents on Probation

Effect of Self-regulation Group Counseling Program on Self-esteem and Self-control of Adolescents on Probation

Treatment Compliance of Arthritis Patients and its Influencing Factors

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic compliance of arthritis patients and its influencing factors, and to propose the measures to improvethe therapeutic effect of arthritis patients. Methods A total of 144 patients with arthritis were investigated by self-designed questionnaire.The survey included general information, living habits, prevalence and self - feeling of the patients. The data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistical software. Results: Patient compliance was related to the sex of the patients, the number of half-hour exercise per week, thetype of illness, the condition of medical insurance, the understanding of the side effects and the feelings. And patients with less number ofexercise hour per week less, did not participate in health insurance, have no enough understanding of the side effects show poor compliance.Conclusion: In order to reduce or delay the occurrence of arthritis, we should educate patients on health education, strengthen their selfcontrol,obey their doctor's orders, have the knowledge of the disease and their drugs, understand the side effects of drugs, and activelyparticipate in physical exercise, and call on the government to increase the implementation of medical insurance policy.

YOLO and Self-Control

YOLO and Self-Control

Rechssttaat and Rule of Law: Some Aspects

Concepts of the Rule of law and Rechtsstaat reflect the general tendency of recognizing law priority in various legal doctrines and different legal systems. The concept of the Rule of law focuses on more broad meaning of law and its genetic fundamental priority in relation to the state contains a significant non-state element. The interpretation of the state includes sharing the power and obligations between various institutes representing ‘the different authorities’ for their self-control including law making, interpretation of law and its application is the cornerstone of Rechtsstaat. The interpretation of Rechtsstaat in theoretical concepts is allied to the sociological and psychological schools of law and more affined to the concept of the Rule of law. Despite distinction in an origin, concepts of the Rule of law and Rechtsstaat have similar objectives – the seeking of an ideal of legitimacy of the government and to support the optimum regime of rights and freedoms of subjects of law, which is necessary for harmonious and stable development of the society.

Effectiveness of Relaxation and Self Control Techniques in the Management of Anger Behaviour Among Pupils

The study investigated the effectiveness of the relaxation therapy (RT) and self-control (SC) therapies in the management of anger among pupils. The treatment is a quasi experimental type that adopted a pretest, post test treatment control group using a 3×2 factorial design, with the treatment conditions in the rows and gender in columns. There were three experimental groups comprising of 30 pupils who were randomly selected from a purposively chosen school in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State and randomly assigned to the experimental conditions. Different types of researchers’ developed and validated test instruments were used at the pretest, post test and follow-up periods for identifying the angered pupils and testing the effectiveness and retention of the treatments. Two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. Data collected were analyzed with ANCOVA and Scheffe test. The results revealed among others that relaxation (RT) and self-control (SC) were effective in the management of anger pupils.

A randomized controlled clinical trial of full-spectrum endoscopy versus conventional colonoscopy for the diagnosis of colonic polyps

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of full-spectrum endoscopy(FUSE) versus conventional colonoscopy for colonic polyps and adenoma. Methods Patients who underwent colonoscopy were randomly allotted into two groups according to randomization and self-control criteria. Patients in group A underwent conventional endoscopy firstly and then to FUSE. Patients in group B were opposite performed the examinations. The polyps and adenomatous polyps were resected or biopsied for pathological examination. Miss rate of colonic polyps as well as adenomatous polyps was calculated. Results A total of 100 patients were recruited for the study, including 45 in group A and 55 in group B. FUSE was significantly superior compared to conventional endoscopy with lower miss rate of polyps (6.52% VS 34.04%, χ2=17.685, P=0.000) as well as adenomatous polyps (5.00% VS 34.38%, χ2=11.774, P=0.001). For the first endoscopic examination, the adenomatous polyps which were found out by FUSE were more than that of ordinary colonoscopy in the right colon (χ2=5.153, P=0.023). The size of adenoma found by ordinary colonoscopy and FUSE was no statistically different whether in the first (t=0.334, P=0.739) or second (t=1.297, P=0.219) endoscopic examinations. Conclusion FUSE is useful to improve the quality of endoscopic examination because of its broad view-field. Key words: Colonoscopy; Full-spectrum endoscopy; Intestinal polyps; Adenoma

Fostering a Positive Environment in Schools Using Positive Discipline

Discipline is practice of teaching or training a person to obey rules or a code of behaviour in both the short and the long terms. Positive discipline is a program designed to teach young people to become responsible, respectful and resourceful member of their communities. Discipline shapes childs behaviour and helps them to learn self-control when it provides encouragement. This encouragement is a type of reward that stimulates the child to work, learn and achieve. It builds self-esteem because the child learns that he or she was directly responsible for earning his or her praise or other reward Children can choose to earn it or not. This gives them a feeling of control over their lives, which is a key ingredient for healthy self-esteem. The present research paper is aimed to investigate how positive discipline can be fostered among students and what are the ways in which it can be made effective. The present research paper also provides tools and concepts, the characteristics and criteria for positive discipline. The present paper also highlights the possibilities of the students being engaging in misbehavior and how that behaviour can be recognized and effectively be dealt with.

Qualitative research on promoting factors of benefit finding in colorectal cancer patients with the permanent colostomy

Objective To describe the psychological experience of benefit finding in colorectal cancer patients with the permanent colostomy. Methods A total of 18 colorectal cancer patients with the permanent colostomy were interviewed in depth with the qualitative research method. The data collected were analyzed by the Colaizzi's analysis procedure. Results The promoting factors of benefit finding in colorectal cancer patients with the permanent colostomy could be classified into four themes: the change of disease-related cognition, regaining the feeling of self-control, increasing the social support, re-realizing a sense of self-worth. Conclusions The production of benefit finding in colorectal cancer patients with the permanent colostomy needs diversified and multipath support. Key words: Colorectal neoplasms; Benefit finding; Qualitative research

Readiness for self-directed learning among undergraduate medical students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam

Background: Self-directed learning (SDL) has been identified as an important skill for medical graduates. To meet the challenges in today's healthcare environment, self-directed learning is most essential. Readiness for SDL is the degree to which an individual possesses attitudes and abilities necessary for SDL. The present study was taken to assess the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) among 4th semester medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The objectives of the study were to assess the self-directed learning readiness among 4th semester undergraduate medical students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam using SDLR instrument; to find out the association if any between readiness for SDL and students’ demographic characteristics.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 4th semester undergraduate medical students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in the month of June 2016 to assess the self-directed learning readiness, using Fishers’40–item self-directed learning readiness scale (SDLRS) which contains 3 domains. The student’s response was collected in a 5‑point Likert scale. The readiness for SDL was categorized as high (&gt;150 scores) and low (&lt;150).Results: The mean SDLRS score was 145.17±18.181 with 105 (64%) students scoring &lt;150 indicating low readiness. The mean sores in the 3 domains of self-management (SM), desire for learning (DL), self-control (SC) were 43.81±7.134, 45.88±6.916, and 55.26±8.296 respectively.Conclusions: Self-directed learning readiness appeared to be low among medical students. This study points out the need to address SDL skills among medical students, and need to find ways to build SDL skills among them.

Self-Regulation, Self-Control, and the Practice of Shanker Self-Reg®

Self-Regulation, Self-Control, and the Practice of Shanker Self-Reg®

Title – Using ‘Socialization Programme for Visually Impaired students’ (SPVI) to improve their Social Skills

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Socialization Program on nine participants with visual impairments. Socialization Programme for Visually Impaired (SPVI) was developed and then experiment was conducted to find out effectiveness of the programme on socialization of visually impaired male students of age 13-15 years. Findings from this study demonstrate that participants’ overall social skills were improved when assessed using tool ‘Social Skills Scale for Visually Impaired’ (SSSVI). The students demonstrated that the programme was effective for improving selected social skills for the participants. Thus, the study concluded that the SPVI programme was found to be effective to improve social skills of VI in all the skills viz. Taking Initiative, Maintaining Self-control, Accepting differences and Managing Emotions except the skill Expressing feelings. This study suggests future research is needed on the similar sample from the population and there is a need for more empirical research on the population’s social skills.

Dynamic expression changes of Smad3 and type I collagen in sclera of progressive myopia in guinea pigs

Background Sclera remodeling process in axial elongation is one of the main pathological mechanisms of axial myopia progression.Studies confirmed that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) participates in the sclera remodeling process, and Smad3 is one of TGF-β1 downstream signal gene transcriptive factors, so to explore its role in sclera remodeling process of myopic eyes is of great significance for pathogenesis and prevention research of myopia. Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of type Ⅰ collagen and Smad3, a TGF-β1 downstream target, in sclera of form deprivation myopic (FDM) eyes and explore the impact of TGF-β1-Smad3-type I collagen signaling pathway on collagen remodeling in myopic sclera. Methods Seventy-five 1-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group (25 guinea pigs) and FDM group (50 guinea pigs). Monocular FDM was induced by occluding the left eyes of guinea pigs in FDM group with translucent latex balloons for 2, 4, 6 weeks, respectively, and consecutive occluding for 4 weeks followed by uncovering for 1 week (4/-1 weeks). The refractive power was detected by retinoscopy and axial length was measured with A-type ultrasound.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR were employed to detect the dynamic expressions of type Ⅰ collagen and Smad3 protein ad mRNA in the sclera of guinea pigs with emmetropia and experimental myopia, and the relationship between collagen Ⅰ and Smad3 levels was analyzed. Results The refraction was hypermetropic in both normal control group and FDM group before occluding of eyes (P>0.05), and the hypermetropic power was gradually reduced over time in the normal control group.In the FDM group, the refractive power was gradually changed from (+ 2.09 ± 0.31)D before occluding to (-1.23±0.69), (-4.17±0.59), (-7.07±0.56) and (-4.30±0.58)D, and the axial length was increased from (5.93±0.39)mm to (6.62±0.36), (7.30±0.34), (7.99±0.32), and (7.21±0.36)mm at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 4/-1 after occluding, respectively, indicating significant differences in refractive power and axial length over time in the FDM group from normal control group and self-control group (all at P<0.05). The expressions of Smad3 and type Ⅰ collagen protein and mRNA in the sclera of the FDM group was significantly lower than those of the control group and self-control group in various time points (all at P<0.05). The positive correlation were found in the expression of Smad3 on the myopic sclera with that of type Ⅰ collagen in both protein and mRNA levels (protein: r=0.993, P<0.05; mRNA: r=0.954, P<0.05). Conclusions The myopic power and ocular axis increase dependent upon occluding time, and the expressions of Smad3 and type Ⅰ collagen in the sclera are correspondingly weakened in FDM eyes.A consistent expression trend is found between Smad3 and type Ⅰ collage, suggesting Smad3 and type Ⅰ collagen participate in the regulation of sclera remodeling in myopia by TGF-β1-Smad3-CollagenⅠsignaling pathway. Key words: Form-deprivation; Myopia; Sclera/metabolism; Disease progression; TGF-β1-Smad3-Collagen Ⅰ signaling pathway; Disease models, animal; Guinea pigs

A survey of the video training in the application of the nurse self-directed learning readiness

Objective To investigate the nurse self-directed learning readiness in some 3A hospital in Shandong province and discuss the strategies how to improve it. Methods Self-designed questionnaire and The Nurses Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale were used to investigate 210 nurses from 23 departments in Shandong provincial hospital. Results Before and after the implementation of the video training, a total of 230 and 210 self-directed learning readiness scales were distributed, 210 and 210 questionnaires were returned, the effective recovery rate was 91.30% and 100% respectively. The data of questionnaires were statistically analyzed by the method of paired t test. The results showed that after the implementation of the project, the total score of the after test (156.63±19.48) was higher than the before(137.91±13.71). The difference was statistically significant (t=-9.54, P<0.05). The score in the three dimensions of self-management, self-control, and desire for study (48.03±7.25), (48.71±6.44), (59.89±7.61) points, were higher than (40.11±5.48), (43.40±5.34), (54.40±6.26) pointsbefore implementation. The difference was statistically significant (t=-10.22,-7.67, -6.83, P<0.05). Conclusions The video training would provide the convenient and quick way and could inspire the nurses′ learning motivation even more which is of great significance to improve the nurses ability of autonomic learning. Key words: Nurses; Video training; Self-directed learning; Survey

Clinical application of two kinds of connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with perfusion

Objective To explore the clinical effect of two different connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion. Methods A total of 25 patients were selected and divided into observation group and control group by self-control method. In the observation group, the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion was used 8 times, and the control group was treated with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion 8 times using conventional connecting tube. The time of the unloading of the perfusate and the amount of physiological saline required were compared between the two groups. There was no blood spillover during the unloading of the perfusate, the number of cases of allergic reaction during the treatment, and the coagulation of the dialyzer and the pipeline after the treatment. Results There was no allergic reaction in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of saline needed to return blood (t = 46.412, P = 0.307). In the control group, there was 15 cases of blood spillover, while the observation group did not show blood spillover. There was significant difference between the two groups in unloading perfusion time(4.43±0.14)min vs. (3.02±0.11)min (t = 10.784, P = 0.003). The level I and II blood coagulation of dialyzer and pipeline was 12, 2 cases in the control group after the treatment and 5, 0 case in the observation group, no level III blood coagulation cases, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=10.667, P<0.01). Conclusion In the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion therapy, multi-function group of the application effect is superior to conventional piping, is worthy of clinical application. Key words: Hemodialysis; Hemoperfusion; Multi-function connecting tube; Closed preshock

Pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder: surgical technique

Objective To investigate the surgical skills of pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder. Methods From October 2014 to September 2016, 37 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer(cT2-3N0-2M0)were diagnosed, including 29 males and 8 females, Their age ranged from 52 to 71 years old. According to preoperative cystoscopy, pathological diagnosis and bladder enhanced CT and other examination, 25 patients were staged as cT2, 12 cases were staged as cT3. 25 cases of them were primary tumors, who underwent pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy and Endo-GIA assisted orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder reconstruction. First, bilateral lymph nodes were dissected. And the ureter was explored and dissected to the outer wall of the bladder. Then, we ligated the superior artery of bladder and expose the seminal vesicle, vas deferent duct. The DV fascia was opened to expose the posterior wall of prostate. Incise was performed along the both sides of the bladder and prostate fascia to maintain the vascular nerve bundle until the tip of prostate. The urethra was cut off and then the bladder was remove. We used Endo-GIA to cut 30-35 cm ileum and construct U-shaped bladder. The anastomosis between ureter and neo-bladder and the anastomosis between urethra and neo-bladder were performed. Perioperative and follow-up data were collected. Results The surgeries were successful in all 37 cases. The operation time ranged from 245 to 335 min , mean (285±37)min. The mean intraoperative blood loss was(187±56) ml(ranging 90-300 ml). The average postoperative hospital stay was (17±2)days (ranging 15-20 days). Postoperative intestinal function recovery time ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 days, mean (1.7±0.4)days. Surgical margins were all negative. Lymph node positive rate was 21.6% (8/37). After 1 month, 22 cases achieved complete continence. After 3 months, 35 cases get fully self-control urination, 8 cases have noctual incontinence. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months, no recurrence or distant metastasis was found in this study. After 6 months, cystoscopy showed no obvious formation of bladder stones. Neo-bladder capacity ranged from 270 to 350 ml. The urodynamic examination showed bladder pressure was maintained between 19 and 25cm H2O. Conclusions Pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy can achieve better bladder resection, better remaining of urethral and neurovascular bundles and good control of urinary continence after operation. Endo-GIA assisted orthotopic U-shaped ileal bladder need shorter intestinal tract and cause less influence to the intestinal function. The neo-bladder shape is more regular, simple doing, earn shorter operation duration, less bleeding, quick recovery, which is a safe and effective surgical approach. Key words: Urinary bladder cancer; Pure robotic-assisted; Radical cystectomy; Orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder