Self-control Ability Research Articles

Never Mind, It’s Too Cold: Thermal Stress and a Decrease in Self-control Self-efficacy

One of the most common occupational stressors is thermal stress, or discomfort due to an environment being too hot or too cold. Although thermal stress is relatively harmless in most occupations, the discomfort may influence workers motivation to attempt a task. The current study seeks to understand the relationship between thermal stress and self-control. Using a between-subjects design, 76 participants performed two traditional self-control and motivation-based tasks in a comfortable or uncomfortably cold condition. They then subjectively estimated their ability to exercise self-control. Results show that being uncomfortably cold did not impact the ability to perform tasks which required self-control and motivation, but did make participants feel as though they were incapable of exercising self-control and motivation. These results provide evidence that we calibrate our perception of personal self-control ability based on comfort, and recalibrate to fit thermally stressful situations before we make an attempt – never mind, it’s too cold.

Why does de-radicalization seem a utopia? Evaluation on “Children of the Country” program

Children and adolescents are groups that are vulnerable to the radicalism influence. Curiosity and trial-error behaviour make them tend to do risk-taking behaviours. If it is not accompanied by good self-control ability, it will encourage them to do actions without thinking about the impact of these actions (impulsivity). If it is not accompanied by empathy, then it tends to be behaviour that opposes and disrupts the interests of others (aggressive behaviour). This study aimed to assess the “Children of the Country” program as an effort to de-radicalize children and adolescents. Quasi experimental study was used on 30 children and adolescents in a shelter of street children in Surabaya with a pretest/ post-test design. In order to measure the outcome of the program, a Radical Personality Test (RPT) was developed using big five personality construct. The increase of nationalism and positive behaviour score is not much to compensate the increase of negative radicalism score. This evaluation brings awareness to form a novel de-radicalization strategy for children and adolescents in the future.

ECOTOURISM AS A SOFT SKILL PRACTICE FOR MILLENIALS

Traveling not only creates fun for tourists. Tourism activities are believed to also improving human resources ability. It is a significant aspect related to human resource capacity that soft skills ownership which can be trained to modern travellers through ecotourism activities. This descriptive qualitative study describes soft skills trained to tourists from among younger generation in ecotourism destinations. Statement of the problem in this research is what is the relevance between ecotourism and soft skill ownership? This study identifies soft skills trained in ecotourism activities that are interpersonal skills characterized by communication skills, like others, have empathy and concern, warm, forgiving, open, adaptive and self-control abilities. The interpersonal skills that are part of this soft skill are believed to be important and will help younger generation to succeed in living their lives.

The Interaction Between Self-Control and Perceived Sanction Risk: An Analysis From the Viewpoint of Different Theories

The present article studies the interplay of self-control and perceived sanction risk in crime causation. Several hypotheses are formulated. The General Theory of Crime suggests that sanction certainty effects are greater for individuals of high self-control. Their inability to devote thought to the negative long-term consequences of their behavior renders persons characterized by low self-control immune to the risk of formal punishment. From Situational Action Theory (SAT), it follows that sanction certainty effects are larger for persons with low self-control ability. Individuals with a poor capacity for self-control will more often feel tempted to engage in criminal behavior, which brings perceived sanction risk into play as a potential deterrent. The theory’s emphasis on the moral filter as a determinant of the nature of the perceived action alternatives implies additionally that the self-control/deterrence interaction may be stronger for those holding weak law-consistent moral beliefs. The various hypotheses are tested using longitudinal data from the British Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study. Results provide more support for the propositions derived from SAT. An individual’s level of self-control conditions the impact of perceived sanction risk, with sanction certainty estimates being most influential among adolescents of low self-control. There is also some indication of a three-way interaction according to which the observed interplay of self-control and deterrence is most pronounced among persons characterized by weak morality.

On Improving Learning Ability of Students with English Learning Disabilities by Using Metacognitive Strategies

Students are the main body of learning and development. Metacognition has irreplaceable significance in helping students learn effectively. Metacognition refers to learners' self-planning, self-control, self-regulation and self-reflection of their cognitive process on the basis of their awareness of their own cognitive process. It consists of three components, including metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience and metacognitive monitoring. Mastering metacognitive strategies can promote students to think from multiple perspectives in the learning process, so they can use various cognitive strategies flexibly and enhance the learning effect. Students with high metacognitive level usually have strong planning and purposefulness, strong self-control ability and insight ability. They can flexibly deal with the problems encountered in learning, choose their own learning goals and learning methods, and achieve better academic performance.

The Role of Self-Control, Social Support and (Positive and Negative Affects) in Reducing Test Anxiety among Arab Teenagers in Israel

The literature has discussions about variables that can moderate test anxiety, such as academic motivation (Hawash 2004), the domestic climate (Abdul Hamid, Journal of Educational Studies, 8(3), 97–104, 1993) and class climate (Friedman and Bendes-Jacob 1997) The purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between personal resources (positive and negative effects, personal control and social support) and the relief of test anxiety among Israeli Arab teens. The sample includes 446 Arab students. The study uses a quantitative research method which is the systematic empirical investigation of observable data using statistical techniques. There is a significant negative relationship between the level of self-control exhibited by the students and test anxiety. There is a significant negative relationship between the level of social support given to the students and test anxiety. There is a significant negative relationship between positive and negative affects and test anxiety. The findings reveal that in general, students with high self-control abilities tend to show less anxiety; a negative relationship between high social support and positive and negative effects with test anxiety. The results of this study contribute to the theoretical literature related to examining the test anxiety among students in general, but particularly among adolescent students.

Colouring perception: Package colour cues affect neural responses to sweet dairy drinks in reward and inhibition related regions

Extrinsic product cues such as package colour may change product perception and perceived reward value during product evaluation. Healthier foods (i.e., ‘light’, sugar- or fat-reduced) often have different packages than regular products, e.g., they may be less vibrantly coloured. People vary in their degree of health-interest and self-control ability and may be affected differently by package colour. This study assesses the extent to which package colour and participant characteristics interact and influence product perception and brain responses.Thirty-four healthy females performed a functional MRI task in which they viewed four differently coloured packages (regular vs. healthier; differing in brightness and saturation levels) with or without simultaneously tasting a either a regular or a healthier calorie-reduced drink.Results indicate main effects of package and taste and a package*taste interaction effect. Compared to healthier packages viewing regular packages enhanced activation in region implicated in inhibitory control (inferior frontal gyrus) and a reward-related region (striatum), the latter even more so as participants’ health interest increased (r = 0.43, p = 0.01). Incongruent package-taste combinations decreased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC, a region implicated in reward representation) compared to congruent combinations. Tasting the healthier compared to regular product enhanced activation in the middle and superior frontal gyrus, which are implicated in inhibitory control, as well as the striatum and OFC, suggesting a cognitively driven preference for the healthier product.In conclusion, this paper provides evidence for the conditions under which package colour and taste properties modulate neural correlates related to reward and inhibition. Individual differences in health-interest and impulsivity influence package- and taste-related neural correlates and thus underscore the importance of taking participant characteristics into account in food research.

Intervensi Perilaku Perundungan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar sebagai Pelaku

This study examines the effectiveness of an anti-bullying training program for elementary school bullies. The training program provides knowledge about bullying as well as various activities that can improve the ability of empathy and self control and decrease bullying behaviors. A quasi-experiment with one-group pretest-and-posttest design was employed. Fifteen elementary school student bullies from the class of 5A and 5B were recruited based on the results of teachers’ interviews, students’ sociometry and focus group discussions (FGD). Data were collected using empathy scale and Peer Interaction in Primary School Questionnaire. Qualitative data were also collected from participants and their teachers using interviews and FGD. Data on bullying behavior and empathy were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, while knowledge of bullying and self control were analyzed qualitatively. The result of t-test shows that the effect of the anti-bullying training is not significant. However, results from qualitative analysis show that participants' knowledge about bullying has increased and bullying behaviors of participants, primarily among students of class 5B, have decreased. In contrast, bullying behaviors of participants from the class 5A remain unchanged. The ways the homeroom teachers use to manage both classrooms determine the changes in bullying behaviors.Keywords: Bullying, training, empathy, self-control, primary school students

Bimbingan Kelompok Pola BMB3 untuk Peningkatan Pengendalian Diri Korban Bencana dalam Mengatasi PTSD

This study aims to understand the empirical conditions of the self-control ability of disaster victims who have PTSD and counseling services to overcome them. An explorative quantitative method is used by involving 41 adolescent disaster victims. Self-control is measured using the self-control scale with a reliability of 0.90. The results showed that respondents had low self-control, making them vulnerable to PTSD. Group guidance with BMB3 patterns are believed to be appropriate for facilitating victims.

Analisis Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Pengendalian Diri dan Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Perspektif al-Qurân Hadits

This article examines children's emotional intelligence in terms of self-control abilities and problem solving. Emotional intelligence is formed in children so that children are able to control themselves, resist anger, be able to solve problems. Get to know yourself and others. From the results of the study, the authors can conclude that children's emotional intelligence is the dream of every parent because children are able to recognize the emotions of themselves and others, are able to solve problems without causing problems, are able to motivate themselves and have an empathetic attitude. So that children who have emotional intelligence are not easily offended, are not easily ignited by emotions, become children who are polite and patient. The results of this study show that 1). Parents always become exemplary emotion teachers for children, 2). Advise with constructive advice, 3). Give understanding to children with language and tone that is not scary.

Methodological grounds of the formation of conflictological culture of future specialists of technical specialties

The article deals with the importance of methodological approach to the formation of conflictological culture. The author notes that the methodological basis for the development of a harmoniously developed personality in a technical institution of higher education is the formation of conflictological culture of future engineers, which is a component of professional competence and is based on humanitarian grounds of an educational institution. The process of formation of conflictological culture of future specialists of technical specialties, within the context of professional training, from a methodological point of view is considered from the position of systematic, activity-based, culturological and creative, and competent approaches. The systematic approach in the methodology of formation of conflictological culture is regarded as the systematization of knowledge of culturological and conflictological orientation in the hierarchy of specialized knowledge and its use during the educational process as gaining further experience of their application in professional activity. In the formation of conflictological culture the activity-based approach is a professional and creative direction, through which the skills and abilities of the components of conflictological culture based on the knowledge acquired are formed. An active-based approach in the methodology of conflictological culture will allow motivating knowledge related to the humanitarian and culturological direction, teaching students to make decisions independently and to assess the situation, to form the ability of self-control in any situation, to promote the creative mindset. The culturological approach is not only the basis of methodology in the formation of conflictological culture, and its implementation should be clearly traced throughout the whole period of young person’s studying in higher educational institution. In the implementation of culturological approach during the formation of conflictological culture, considerable attention is paid to directing young people to an understanding of national traditions and culture that are not opposed to other cultures, but bear cultural development and the ability to apply it properly in the professional field; personality’s capacity for cultural self-development and cultural realization; the creative development of future engineer, based on the cultural and technical heritage of society. This approach is basic and on the basis of this approach the methodology of formation of conflictological culture is built. In the methodology of formation of conflictological culture, the competence-based approach is considered as a basic top for the professional development of future engineer, which will allow effective interaction between the teacher and the student in the formation of necessary competences based on conflictological culture as a component of professional competence. The competence-based approach is important for the formation of professional competencies, but without using other pedagogical approaches, it is not possible to form conflictological culture as we consider. For the improvement, development and self-realization of student, the interrelation of all the approaches is required, and for their effective application in the methodology of formation of conflictological culture they should be applied in a certain order.

행다명상 프로그램이 유아의 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

In this study, the purpose of the study was to develop a tea ceremony meditation program that maximizes meditation through the process of tea life, tea preparation, tea ceremony, tea drinking. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, we watched he tea ceremony meditation program how to make self-control and the self-efficacy in children. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, 26 kindergartens were selected as experiment group from March 2014 to March 2015 and 23 kindergartens were selected as control group. The experimental group applied the tea ceremony meditation program developed in this study, but the control group did not take any action. Before the meditation program was applied to infants, the independent sample t-test was conducted on the sub-items of self-regulation and self-efficacy in order to secure group homogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 to solve the research problem of this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as a result of applying the tea ceremony meditation program, it was found that the posttest score of total self-control and the sub-actors of self-control ability (plan, check and evaluate, emotion recognition, emotion suppression, dealing with emotion), As a result of the verification the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. Therefore, it can be seen that the experimental group applying the tea ceremony meditation program is effective in improving the self-control ability. Second, as a result of applying the tea ceremony meditation program, t-test on post-test scores of post-test scores and self-efficacy sub-factors (cognitive, physical ,social and emotional parts) were significantly higher than the group. Therefore, it can be seen that it is effective to improve the self-efficacy of the experimental group applying the tea ceremony meditation program.

행다명상 프로그램이 유아의 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

In this study, the purpose of the study was to develop a tea ceremony meditation program that maximizes meditation through the process of tea life, tea preparation, tea ceremony, tea drinking. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, we watched he tea ceremony meditation program how to make self-control and the self-efficacy in children. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, 26 kindergartens were selected as experiment group from March 2014 to March 2015 and 23 kindergartens were selected as control group. The experimental group applied the tea ceremony meditation program developed in this study, but the control group did not take any action. Before the meditation program was applied to infants, the independent sample t-test was conducted on the sub-items of self-regulation and self-efficacy in order to secure group homogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 to solve the research problem of this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as a result of applying the tea ceremony meditation program, it was found that the posttest score of total self-control and the sub-actors of self-control ability (plan, check and evaluate, emotion recognition, emotion suppression, dealing with emotion), As a result of the verification the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. Therefore, it can be seen that the experimental group applying the tea ceremony meditation program is effective in improving the self-control ability. Second, as a result of applying the tea ceremony meditation program, t-test on post-test scores of post-test scores and self-efficacy sub-factors (cognitive, physical ,social and emotional parts) were significantly higher than the group. Therefore, it can be seen that it is effective to improve the self-efficacy of the experimental group applying the tea ceremony meditation program.

The dialectic of history and science

Scientific research is characterized by rigor, methodology and objectivity, and requires a lot of attention and care. It calls for continuous efforts and great ability of imagination, perseverance and self-control. But before the develloping the scientific approach in its current form, mankind used another kind of thinking, known philosophical thinking . If the scientific thinking is judged as organized and unified thinking, this does not mean that philosophical thinking is unorganized. It is a thinking subject to logical standards, and take into account the consistency of introductions with the final results. Moreover, the philosophical thinking gives more freedom to the mind and less constrained by the standard and controls and it is characterized by a kind of totalitarianism. The separation of scientific thinking came after the maturity of scientific methods, which rationalized and quantified the phenomena and their interpretations. The maturuty of the scientific thinking comes from the succes of natural Sciences, which dealt with realistic physical phenomena and it based on scientistic experimental approach as a way to understand and interpret physical phenomena. After the stunning success of the natural sciences, some scientists and thinkers try the application of the experimental methods in the study of historical phenomena which led to the separation between the history of the philosophy. However, the history subjects differ from those of the natural sciences. they are more complex and interconnected, and this is what made the scientific study of the historical phenomena known several epistemological obstacles preventing the rationalization of the historical phenomena, driving a skepticism in the value of the science of history and its ability to interpret historical phenomena using only scientific explanation without the philosophical interpretation. or is it that historical studies should return to the field of philosophy. This is what I tried to explain it through this article that addresses the following issue: Did the historical studies respect canonical scientific approach

Application of Luria Approach to Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Autistic persons show considerable difficulties in the ability of self-control including attention, motor reactions, resistance to distractions and delay of gratification, which are presently labelled as executive functions. The present paper describes dynamics of developmental changes in executive functions of 25 autistic children, patients of Specialised Clinic of Diagnosis and Rehabilitation in Lublin, Poland, during their early and late childhood. In accordance with Luria original approach the assessment of disorders observed was closely connected with therapeutic procedure. It made possible getting deeper insight into the difficulties encountered by the children and refinement of the course of therapy at the same time. Significant progressive changes in the development of executive functions were observed in the examined children. A significant correlation among an ability to control one’s own reactions and cognitive functions, communication, and an ability to imitate others as well as general motor agility was stated. It allows the conclusion that autistic children are able to acquire an ability to change their former behaviours. They are, therefore, capable of understanding that a previous rule may be exchanged for the other, and they are also able to refrain from awaiting an immediate gratification.
 Keywords: Autism, executive functions, diagnosis, therapy, Luria approach

Influencing Factors of Knowledge Workers' Innovation Behavior Based on Self-management

Knowledge workers' innovative behavior is an important driving force for enterprise development. The paper explores the influencing factors of knowledge worker's innovation behavior through the self-control ability and achievement motivation of knowledge workers. In the paper we introduce achievement motivation in the relationship between self-control ability and innovative behavior, built a relationship model for knowledge workers' influencing factors of innovation, and the model is validated by regression analysis of questionnaire data. The results show that the self-management ability of knowledge workers has a significant positive effect on innovation behavior, and the achievement motivation plays an intermediate role between them. Enterprises can influence knowledge workers’ innovative behavior by interfering with self-management and achievement motivation of them.

Enhancing Childhood Multidisciplinary Obesity Treatments: The Power of Self-Control Abilities as Intervention Facilitator.

Enhancing Childhood Multidisciplinary Obesity Treatments: The Power of Self-Control Abilities as Intervention Facilitator.

The impact of self-control cues on subsequent monetary risk-taking.

Background and aimsThe “process-model” of self-control proposes that the ego-depletion effect is better explained by a switch between interest in “have-to” labor and cognitive “want-to” leisure, rather than being mainly due to a decrease in cognitive resources, as advanced by the “strength-model” of self-control. However, it is currently difficult to disentangle the “process-model” from the “strength-model” of self-control. Here, we employed a stepwise approach, featuring three studies, for testing the process model of self-control.MethodsIn Study 1, we created a list of 30 self-control events for characterizing “have-to” conducts in the daily life. In Study 2, mental visualization of effortful self-control events (“have-to”) and monetary risk-taking (“want-to”) were employed for testing the strength-model of self-control. In Study 3, to test the process-model of self-control, participants were simply required to read self-control (or neutral) sentences.ResultsStudy 1 provided evidence regarding external validly for the list of self-control events. Study 2 showed that mental visualization of effortful self-control events increases subsequent monetary risk-taking. Study 3 highlighted that the brief apparition of a self-control-related sentence was sufficient for increasing risk-taking. These patterns were evidenced in the trial with the less advantageous gain/loss ratio.DiscussionAltogether these findings support the process-model of self-control in showing that triggering the semantic content of a “have-to” conduct, without its actual execution, is sufficient for modulating subsequent “want-to” activity.ConclusionThese findings could contribute to advancing current knowledge on how the high availability of ready-to-consume rewards in modern environments is redefining humans’ self-control ability.

유아의 수학능력과 인지능력, 지각운동능력, 자아존중감, 자기조절력 간의 관계 분석

본 연구는 유아의 수학능력과 인지능력, 지각운동능력, 자아존중감, 자기조절력 간의 관계성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 유치원에 재원 중인 만 3, 4, 5세 총 215명이었으며, 평균 월령은 70.73개월이었다. ‘유아그림수학능력’, ‘K-ABCⅡ’, "지각운동능력", ‘자아존중감’, ‘자기조절력’ 검사도구들을 통해 연구자료를 수집하고, 수집된 자료는 Pearson 적률상관과 단계적 중다회귀분석을 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과, 유아의 수학능력과 인지능력, 지각운동능력, 자아존중감, 자기조절력 간에는 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 인지능력은 수학능력을 가장 강력하게 영향을 미치는 예측변인으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 지각운동능력이 유아의 수학능력에 영향을 미치는 추가적 예측변인으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 하위영역별로 분석한 결과, 유아의 인지능력의 하위영역인 동시처리가 수학능력을 가장 강력하게 설명하는 예측변인으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 학습력이 수학능력을 설명하는 추가적 예측변인으로 밝혀졌다. 이어서 지각운동능력의 하위영역인 공간지각이 수학능력을 설명하는 예측변인으로 나타났으며, 지각운동능력의 하위영역인 방향지각도 추가적인 예측변인으로 밝혀졌다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among young children’s math ability, cognitive ability, perceptual motor ability, sense of self-esteem and self-control ability. A total of 215 children participated in the study; their mean age was 70.73 months. The research data were collected by ‘Picture test of mathematical ability for preschoolers’, ‘KABC- ’, ‘Children’s Perceptual motor ability test’, ‘The Self-Esteem inventory for young children’ and ‘The Self-regulation inventory for young children’. Pearson correlation and Step-Wise Multi Regression were used to analyze the data. Results showed a positive correlation among math ability, cognitive ability, perceptual motor ability, sense of self-esteem and self-regulation ability. Also, the results indicate that cognitive ability is a positive variable that predicts math ability. Secondly, perceptual motor ability is a positive variable that predicts the math ability of children. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that ‘concurrent processing ability’, which is a subordinate factor of cognitive ability, has the most significant predictor of math ability of children. Additionally, the following predictive factors were found: ‘learning ability’, which is a subordinate factor of cognitive ability; ‘spatial perception ability’, which is a subordinate factor of perceptual motor ability; and ‘directional perception ability’, which is a subordinate factor of cognitive ability.

WELCOME: improving WEight controL and CO-Morbidities in children with obesity via Executive function training: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundObesity is a widespread problem that not only leads to medical and psychological diseases in adults, but also in children and adolescents at an early stage in life. Because of its global burden on both the individual and society, it is necessary to develop effective evidence-based treatments. Current “Multidisciplinary Obesity Treatments” (MOT) already provide significant weight loss, but still leave room for more long-lasting improvements. In this protocol paper, we outline the research goals of the WELCOME trial, based on a substantial proof of concept.MethodsIn this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) – conducted in both an inpatient and two outpatient treatment settings – existing MOT will be supplemented with an Executive Function (EF) training and compare effects on various parameters in an experimental versus an active control group of obese youngsters (8–18 years old). WELCOME aims to (a) train youngsters’ executive functions to facilitate effects on weight loss, psychological and medical comorbidities, (b) to enhance the long-term effects by continuing the training in the daily home context with booster sessions, and (c) to investigate its effects until a 6-month follow-up. In comparison to the active control group, better progress is expected in the experimental group on following variables: weight, psychological comorbidities (unhealthy eating behavior, internalizing symptoms, impaired self-esteem) and medical comorbidities (metabolic syndromes, endothelia dysfunction, tonsillar hypertrophy and sleep obstruction).DiscussionIt is stated that this EF-training for enhancing self-control abilities is necessary for a long-lasting effect of childhood obesity treatment interventions.Trial registrationThe Study Procotol was registered on 10/05/2017 (n° ISRCTN14722584).