Self-confidence Scale Research Articles

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THE IN SITU SIMULATION AND SIMULATED CLINICAL IMMERSION METHODS ON CANCER NURSING STUDENTS’ EXTRAVASATION MANAGEMENT: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

In situ simulation is thought to offer a good learning environment due to the fact that it is carried out in real clinical practice. This study was performed to compare the effect of in situ simulation and simulated clinical immersion environment on cancer nursing students extravasation management. The study was carried out with a randomized controlled pretest-posttest comparative design. The participants were randomly assigned to either the simulated clinical immersion group (n=19) or the in situ simulation group (n=24). The study data were collected using Extravasation Management Knowledge Test, Objective Structured Clinical Assessment, Students’ Satisfaction and Self-Confidence Scale and the State Anxiety Inventory. The pre-posttest mean scores for the knowledge level and anxiety mean scores of the participants in the simulated clinical immersion group and the in situ group were not statistically significant (p˃.05). The satisfaction and self-confidence scale mean scores and the skill levels of the students in both settings were similar after the implementation (p˃.05). The students' knowledge, skills, anxiety, self-confidence and satisfaction were similar in both simulation-based learning environments. In situ simulation can be recommended for use in nursing education. Considering cost-effectiveness and resources, both simulation methods can be used.

The influence of internal and external visual imagery on self-confidence in learning gymnastics

Students must have high self-confidence in learning physical education, because self-confidence affects individual success in performing motor skills. The purpose of this study was to reveal differences in the influence of internal and external visual imagery on students' self-confidence in learning gymnastics with cartwheels material. This research is a multiple linear regression experimental research. The number of samples in this study were 68 students. Actions are carried out by integrating internal and external visual imagery exercises in gymnastic learning. The data collection technique uses a self-confidence scale as an instrument. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that internal and external visual imagery had a significant effect on students' self-confidence (tcount ttable, sig. 0.05), but there was a significant difference between internal and external visual imagery training (tcount ttable, sig. 0.27 0.05) so that the internal visual imagery training method is better than the external imagery method (mean 71.2941 67.8824). The results of this study indicate that students' self-confidence in performing wheel motion skills can be increased through internal and external visual imagery exercises that are integrated into the learning process, but internal visual imagery training methods are preferred.

The Comparison of Empathy and Self-Confidence Levels of Physical Education and Sports School Students

This study aims to compare the empathy and self-confidence levels of the students studying at physical education and sports schools according to different variables. In this study, the scanning model, which is one of the quantitative research designs, was used. Students were administered the empathy scale developed by Lawrence et al. and the self-confidence scale adapted by Akın. Our study was applied to four hundred students studying at Batman University School of Physical Education and Sports. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS program and the findings were interpreted. In the program, primarily descriptive statistics were used to indicate demographic characteristics and an unrelated sample t-test was applied to determine whether there was a significant difference between self-confidence and empathy levels and the variables of gender and whether they were involved in sports or not. One-factor analysis of variance (Anova) test was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between self-confidence and empathy levels and age, department, grade level, grade point average, and sports branch of interest. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the empathy levels of the participant students and the gender and class variable. It was observed that there was no significant difference between students’ empathy levels and age, students’ academic grade point average, whether they did sports or not, and the sports branches they were interested in. It has been observed that there is no significant difference or relationship between students’ self-confidence levels and gender, age, grade point average, sports status, and sports branches they are interested in. However, there was a significant difference between students’ self-confidence levels and the department they studied. It is also seen that there is a significant difference between the self-confidence levels of the students and the variable of the class they study.

Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Level of Third-Trimester Primigravida

Childbirth anxiety causes changes in a woman's mind during the third trimester. Prolonged worry can make it difficult for pregnant women to focus and cause them to lose confidence. Purpose: This study determines the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety levels of third-trimester primigravida pregnant women. Methods: This study used cross-sectional data and correlation analysis. The purposive sampling method selected 82 third-trimester pregnant women as the study population. The study sample included 57 third-trimester pregnant women per the inclusion criteria. This study used two questionnaires: the self-confidence scale and the Revised Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-R2). The research results on self-efficacy obtained 63.2% with moderate self-efficacy, while anxiety levels obtained the majority with moderate anxiety at 49.1%. Data analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test formula obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.645 with a significance of 0.000 (p <0, 05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship in the self-efficacy of third-trimester primigravida pregnant women with anxiety levels with a strong correlation coefficient.

Test–Retest Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change of the Athletic Trainers’ Self-Confidence Scale

The Athletic Trainers’ Self-Confidence Scale (ATSCS) is a nine-item Likert-scale questionnaire assessing the respondent’s level of agreement with statements regarding confidence in recognizing and managing exertional heat illnesses. Test–retest reliability of this instrument has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and minimum detectable change score for the composite score of the ATSCS. A total of 18 professional master of science in athletic training students (nine first-year and nine second-year students) completed the ATSCS at three testing sessions with 48 hr between sessions. The nine items of the ATSCS demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .86; 95% confidence interval [.78, .94]). The composite scores of the ATSCS demonstrated moderate test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .75; 95% confidence interval [.497, .893]). The calculated minimal detectable change for the composite change score was 6.19. The ATSCS has good internal reliability as well as test–retest reliability. These results display that the tool will provide consistent, reliable results of changes in athletic training students’ self-confidence.

General Practitioners' Own Traumatic Experiences and Their Skills in Addressing Patients' Past History of Adversities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal.

Addressing trauma has been found to be important for primary care patients, as it can improve their health-related outcomes. We aimed to assess how Portuguese general practitioners' (GPs) past history of traumatic events (TEs) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) influence their clinical communication skills when addressing their patients' past history of adversities. An online survey was circulated by email to GPs' associations and through GPs' social media groups. A sample of 143 GPs participated in this study. GPs' exposure to ACEs and TEs was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5. To evaluate clinical communication skills, we adapted the Self-confidence Scale and used the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. GPs identified barriers to addressing trauma routinely, including a lack of time (86.7%) and a fear of causing further patient suffering (56.6%). GPs' exposure to TEs and ACEs was positively correlated with scores in some dimensions of self-confidence and empathy (r values varying from 0.170 to 0.247). GPs exposed to traumatic experiences felt more confident when addressing their patients' adversities and were more empathic when conducting therapeutic relationships. This study shows that GPs with a history of traumatic experiences are able to address their patients' adversities; however, they lack proper training and better patient care conditions, such as more time and more resources available for patient guidance.

The Roles of Motivation to Learn and Coping Behaviours in Managing Stress in Working College Students

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of positive self-talk to increase the self-confidence of psychology students at Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang. This study uses a one group pre-test post-test design. The population in this study were psychology students from the 2018 class. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the sample consisted of 11 students. The instrument used in this study is a self-confidence scale that has been tested starting from expert judgment to reliability testing. The reliability of the confidence scale that was tested using Cronbach Alpha obtained a coefficient of 0.896 which indicates a very good level of reliability. Hypothesis testing using paired samples test assisted through SPSS version 23 for windows program. The results showed that the treatment with positive self-talk techniques was effective in increasing the self-confidence of psychology students. This can be seen in the paired samples test, the results of the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group obtained a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.005 < 0.05, which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

Body Image with Student Confidence of Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of students who have moderate self-confidence, which is characterized by judgments from people around about their body image, resulting in the emergence of attitudes that lead to comparing themselves to others. This study aims to determine the relationship between body image and self-confidence of students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. This study uses a quantitative research method with a correlational approach and uses a scale measuring instrument, namely the body image scale and the self-confidence scale. The sample in this study was 336 students from 9591 student population who were taken using incidental sampling technique, namely sampling based on chance or samples that were met or met by the researcher. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson product moment correlation using the SPSS 24 for windows. The results of data analysis show the correlation coefficient value of 0.632 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05, meaning that there is a positive and significant relationship between body image and self-confidence, the higher body image , the higher the student's self-confidence. On the other hand, the lower body image the student's self-confidence. The effective contribution of the body image variable is 40% to the self-confidence. While the remaining 60% is influenced by other factors.

Evaluation of Self-Confidence in Women with Chronic Disease

Background: Self-confidence, which is an important emotional need in women, affects women's quality of life. This research was conducted to evaluate the self-confidence of women with chronic diseases. Methods: This study was conducted at the internal medicine clinic of Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between August 2019 and June 2020. The sample consisted of 339 female patients with chronic diseases who agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using information form and the Women’s Self-Confidence Scale. Results: The mean total score of the participants was 136.40 ± 24.92. Scores on the self-confidence scale significantly differed in accordance with the women’s age, body mass index, educational status, type of family, place of residence, number of children, self-care, history of smoking, allocation of time-to-herself, activity, perceived health status, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic diseases, and information received about the disease (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Women with chronic diseases had a moderate level of self-esteem. Self-confidence is a person’s belief that they will perform a particular activity successfully and feel valued. People with high self-confidence are likely to be compatible with themselves through accumulating positive thoughts and feelings about themselves. Therefore, increasing the self-confidence of women with chronic diseases is important.

The Influence of Lecturers' Persuasive Communication on Self-Confidence and Learning Motivation of Buddhist College Students

This quantitative research aims to determine the contribution of lecturers' persuasive communication to students' self-confidence and learning motivation. The study population was students of Jinarakkhita Buddhist College of Lampung. The sampling technique was carried out by random sampling with the number of selected samples as many as 78 people. The research data were collected using the lecturer's persuasive communication scale, self-confidence scale, and learning motivation scale. The data analysis technique used was multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Analysis of research data showed that there was a positive contribution between persuasive communication and self-confidence. It is also known that there is a positive contribution between persuasive communication and learning motivation. Specifically, it is known that in this study, lecturers' persuasive communication is high, students' self-confidence is moderate, and students' learning motivation is also moderate.

The Effect of Ventrogluteal Intramuscular Injection Training with Animated Video Containing Subliminal Messages: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: In the literature, there is increasing interest in the effects of subliminal stimuli on humans.
 
 Objectives: To investigate the effects of the positive subliminal messages placed in a video used for ventrogluteal intramuscular injection training of nursing students on students’ remembering, anxiety, self-confidence, general self-efficacy and practice skill levels.
 
 Methods: The population of the randomized controlled study conducted between 9-10 October 2018 consisted of first year nursing students at a faculty of health sciences (n=64). An animated video on ventrogluteal intramuscular injection that contained subliminal messages was shown to the students in the experiment group. In the study, the students in the control group were given only practice together with the theoretical education on the subject. A Student Information Form, Trait-State Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Self-Confidence Scale, and Ventrogluteal Intramuscular Injection Practice Skill Evaluation Form were used. In the study, the independence Chi-square test was used to compare the experiment and control groups.
 
 Results: Although statistically non-significant (p>0.05), identifying ventrogluteal intramuscular injection sites (n=21, 33.9%) and proper injection technique (n=22, 35.5%) steps were remembered more by students in the experiment group. It was found that ventrogluteal intramuscular injection practice skill was at ‘adequate’ level in the experiment group (n=21, 35%).
 
 Conclusion: Visual subliminal messages used in ventrogluteal intramuscular injection training have no effect on nursing students’ anxiety, self-confidence, and general self-efficacy levels. Basic nursing skill applications can be prepared with animated videos in a way to attract students’ attention.

The Effect of High School Students’ Doing Sports on Self-Confidence (Sample of Kilis Province)

Aim: The aim of this research is to examine whether the sports status of high school students has any effect on their self-confidence and to examine them in terms of different variables.
 Material & Method: The population of the research consists of students studying in high schools located in Kilis. The sample of the study consists of 415 students, 210 male and 205 female, randomly selected from high schools in Kilis. A personal information form developed by the researchers was used to collect information about the independent variables. The “Self-Confidence Scale”, developed by Akın (2007) as a data collection tool to measure students’ self-confidence levels, was used to determine the existing self-confidence levels of individuals. While evaluating the study data, descriptive statistical methods were used. Independent sample T-Test and ANOVA Test were used in the analysis of the data. In the analyzes used, the level of significance was determined as p<0.05.
 Results: In the obtained findings, no statistical significance was found in terms of the variable of students’ gender and active sports year. Statistically significant was observed in terms of grade variable, active sports involvement variable and sports type.
 Conclusion: It was concluded that high school students who do sports are more self-confident than those who do not. It was concluded that as the grade level of the student increased, the self-confidence also increased. It has been concluded that students who do team sports are more self-confident than those who do individual sports.

Hubungan antara Kepercayaan Diri dengan Komunikasi Interpersonal Siswa

<p>The aims of this research are: Describe the level of self-confidence, interpersonal communication skills and analyze the relationship of self- confidence with the interpersonal communication of second grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar. This research is quantitative research with correlational methods. The population is second grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar with a total population of 431 people. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula which was then obtained from a research sample of 207 people with details of 17-18 people per class. The research instruments are self-confidence scale and interpersonal communication skills scale. The answer choices use the likert scale with 4 answer choices and analyzed using Product Moment Correlation in SPSS. The results of study obtained that students with low communication skills were 17%, medium at 63%, and high at 20%. While the coefficient value of 0.397 with a sig value of 0.000, which means if it is 0.000 < 0.05 then the confidence variable and the interpersonal communication variable have a relationship. The two have a positive relationship, it means when the level of self-confidence is high, the student's interpersonal communication are also high.</p>

The Relationship Between Risk-taking behavior and self-confidence of students of Salah al-Din University

Abstract
 Research Aims:-
 The researcher pursues the following aims in this research:-
 1-The level of risk-taking behavior among university students for the sample.
 2- The level of self-confidence among university students for the sample.
 3- The level of risk-taking behavior and self-confidence according to the variable (gender - economic status).
 4- The relationship between risk-taking behavior and self-confidence in the sample.
 The current research community consists of Salah El-Din University students for the academic year (2021-2022)، for the sake of the research sample، the two researchers chose a random sample of (250) students for their research.
 To measure the two variables، the researchers followed the following procedures، to measure the variable (risk-taking behavior)، the researchers found it better to build a measure of risk behavior because there is no measure of risk behavior، and the scale consisted of (39) items، and they extracted the apparent validity of the scale and did not delete any item from the scale، and they extracted the power Discriminatory paragraphs did not delete any paragraph also. The two researchers relied on the self-confidence scale prepared by (Al-Badrany,
 The scale consists of (40) items، and they extracted the apparent validity of the scale and did not delete any item from the scale. The two researchers relied on the re-test method to calculate the stability of the two scales، risk behavior and self-confidence، as it reached in risk behavior (0.91) and in self-confidence (0.77). The two researchers reached the following results:-
 
 The results of this research indicate that the students' risk-taking behavior is high and their self-confidence is good.
 The gender variable and the economic status variable are not among the variables affecting risk-taking behavior and self-confidence.
 There is a positive relationship between risk-taking behavior and students' self-confidence.
 
 The two researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions in their research.

Hubungan Antara Kepercayaan Diri Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Pertandiangan pada Atlet Bulu Tangkis PB Indocafe di Medan

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-confidence and anxiety in facing a match. The scale used in this study is the self-confidence scale and the anxiety scale where the subjects in this study are PB Indocafe badminton athletes in Medan, totaling 30 athletes. The data analysis method used in this study is a purposive sampling technique, so the following results can be obtained: the hypothesis proposed in this study reads "There is a negative correlation between self-confidence and anxiety about facing matches in PB Indocafe Medan athletes". This result is evidenced by the following results: 1. The proposed hypothesis is accepted, meaning that there is a negative relationship between self-confidence and anxiety, where rxy = -0.861 with a significant p = 0.000 0.050. 2. The determinant coefficient (r2) of the relationship between the independent variable X and the dependent variable Y is r2 = 0.742. This shows that self-confidence contributes to anxiety by 74.2%. 3. 3. Based on the comparison of the two values (hypothetical and empirical), it can be stated that self-confidence is high because the hypothetical average value of 87.5 is greater than the empirical average value of 81.00, and anxiety is classified as high because the average value the hypothetical 67.5 is smaller than the empirical mean value of 75.54. 3. Based on the comparison of the two values (hypothetical and empirical), it can be stated that self-confidence is high because the hypothetical average value of 87.5 is greater than the empirical average value of 81.00, and anxiety is high because the hypothetical average value is 67 .5 is smaller than the empirical mean value of 75.54. From the results of this study, the proposed hypothesis is accepted.

Solution-focused group counseling: A solution to enhance students’ self-confidence

Self-confidence plays a pivotal role in developing an individual’s potentials. Solution-focused counseling approach views an individual as the only expert for his/her own life, and only they themselves are capable of making the best decision. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of solution-focused group counseling sessions in enhancing students' self-confidence. To this end, a pretest-posttest control group experimental study was conducted, involving twelve students of Public Islamic Senior High School 3 Langkat, who were assigned into two groups of six participants each. Data collected from self-confidence scale were analyzed using Wilcoxon Sign Test by identifying the difference in average improvement of self-confidence. The experimental group exhibited a significance value of 0.002 ( 0.005), indicating that the solution-focused group counseling could improve students’ self-confidence.

OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN TEKNOLOJİK PEDAGOJİK ALAN BİLGİSİ ÖZGÜVENİ İLE TEKNOLOJİYE YÖNELİK TUTUMU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between preschool teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) confidence and their attitude towards technology. In addition, it was aimed to examine whether preschool teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge and its sub-dimensions predict teachers' attitudes towards technology. The study group consists of 200 preschool teachers who teach 36-72-month-old preschool children in the 2020-2021 academic year. This study is a quantitative study designed in the single and relational screening model, one of the general screening models. The data were collected using the "Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Self-Confidence Scale (TPACKACKS)", "Attitude Towards Technology Scale" and "Personal Information Form". The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 and JASP 0.16 programs and normality test, Pearson Correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis methods were used. As a result of the study, when the relationship between preschool teachers' attitudes towards technology and technological pedagogical content knowledge and sub-factors of it was examined, a significant positive relationship was found. When the other findings obtained from the research were examined, it was concluded that the relationship between preschool teachers' attitude towards technology scores and technological content knowledge sub-dimension scores was relatively low compared to other sub-dimensions.

Effectiveness of Positive Self Talk to Increasing Student’s Self-Confidence

Currently the problem that often occurs in individuals, especially in early adulthood is regarding low self-confidence. As students, individuals must have self-confidence because students are required to actively become independent individuals, able to take the initiative to seek information and be able to communicate well in private situations and to the general public. This is in line with a preliminary study through a pre-research survey conducted by researchers regarding self-confidence in psychology students at Buana Perjuangan Karawang University class of 2018. Based on data from students, namely 40 respondents, the result was 32% of students felt less confident about appearing in class and often Avoid eye contact with the lecturer during class discussions. This is because some students do not dare to ask the lecturer directly. The urgency regarding self-confidence which tends to be low needs to be increased through positive self-talk. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of positive self-talk to increase the self-confidence of psychology students at Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang. This study used a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The population in this study were psychology students class of 2018. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the sample consisted of 11 students. The instrument used in this study is a self-confidence scale that has been tested starting from expert judgment to reliability testing. The reliability of the trust scale tested using Cronbach Alpha obtained a coefficient of 0.896 which indicates a very good level of reliability. Hypothesis testing using paired sample test assisted by SPSS version 23 for Windows. The results showed that the treatment with positive self-talk techniques was effective in increasing the self-confidence of psychology students. This can be seen in the paired sample test, the results of the experimental group's pretest and posttest scores obtained a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.005 <0.05, which means H0 is rejected and HA is accepted.

Predicting loss aversion behavior with machine-learning methods

This paper proposes to forecast an important cognitive phenomenon called the Loss Aversion Bias via Hybrid Machine Learning Models. One of the unique aspects of this study is using the reaction time (milliseconds), psychological factors (self-confidence scale, Beck’s hopelessness scale, loss-aversion), and personality traits (financial literacy scales, socio-demographic features) as features in classification and regression methods. We found that Random Forest was superior to other algorithms, and when the positive spread ratio (between gain and loss) converged to default loss aversion level, decision-makers minimize their decision duration while gambling, we named this phenomenon as “irresistible impulse of gambling”.

Mental Toughness Changes Among Smokers: A Case-control Study

Background: Smoking is one of the biggest challenges in human life today. Stress or negative emotions have a significant impact on smokers. Moreover, mental toughness is a psychological characteristic that enables people to cope with emotional pressure. Therefore, in the present study, changes in mental toughness among smokers were investigated. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based case-control study was conducted on 212 smokers and 295 non-smokers using standard questionnaires. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire with 48 items (MTQ-48) and the Fagerstrom test with 6 items were used to assess mental toughness and nicotine dependence, respectively. Mental toughness consists of 4 components: commitment, challenge, trust, and control. Both paper and online questionnaires were used. The study population was randomly selected from across the country between July and August 2021. All results were selfreported and the accuracy of the collected data was not verified. Results: A total of 469 subjects, including 197 smokers and 272 non-smokers, were included in the study. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean scores of the challenge, life and emotional control, and self-confidence scales differed statically between the two groups of smokers and non-smokers (P<0.0.5). In addition, there was a statically significant difference between female smokers and non-smokers only in life and emotional control (P<0.0.5). We also found a statically significant difference in the total mental toughness score between the two groups (P<0.0.5). Conclusion: It seems that mental toughness decreases significantly in smokers and this can be considered as one of the potential causes of the increased tendency to smoke.