Self-care Of People Research Articles

O impacto das aplicações móveis no autocuidado da pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca

Introduction: Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease, with high rates of hospital readmission, mortality and morbidity. As a chronic disease, it is essential that people adopt self-care practices to manage their disease more effectively. Digital health technologies, such as mobile applications, can work as facilitators for the self-care of people with heart failure. Objective: Identify the efficacy of mobile applications in the improvement of self-care in people with heart failure. Methods: Systematic review of the literature from the electronic databases - CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete and SciELO carried out in january 2021. Articles published between may 2015 and december 2020 are considered. Results: The research resulted in 67 articles, and 7 of them were included in this review. The use of mobile applications led to improvements in the self-care of the participants from the various studies analysed. Conclusion: The results suggest that the use of mobile applications is effective in improving self-care in cases of heart failure.

The Role Of Family Support And Self-Efficacy On Self-Care Behavior In The Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes


 Introduction: Diabetes self-care is an effort to control type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family support and self-efficacy are needed for elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to increase independence in managing their disease. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy with self-care behavior in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Elderly Posyandu in Wadungasri Village. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a correlational analytic research design using a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 132 elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a probability sampling method with a technique used simple random sampling and obtained a sample of 100 elderly DM type 2. Results: The results showed that most of the elderly have family support and good self-efficacy. with less self-care behavior. The results of the analysis using the Spearman rank test showed that family support was associated with self-care for people with diabetes mellitus type 2 (p-value = 0.006, ɑ = 0.05). The results of the Spearman rank test analysis showed that self-efficacy was related to self-care for people with diabetes mellitus type 2 (p-value = 0.001, ɑ = 0.05). Conclusion: Family support and self-efficacy gave to elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus can influence health behavior patterns that will make self-care behavior well.

A cognitive behavioural model of the bidirectional relationship between disordered eating and diabetes self care in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

This qualitative study aimed to develop the first cognitive behavioural therapy model outlining the development and maintenance of disordered eating in type 1 diabetes and report on recovery strategies and resilience factors to improve previous theoretical models of type 1 diabetes and disordered eating. Twenty-three women (n=9 with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating, n=5 with type 1 diabetes recovering from disordered eating, and n=9 with type 1 diabetes without disordered eating) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using grounded theory and individual cognitive-behavioural formulations were developed for each participant to inform the development/maintenance and resilience models. The development/maintenance model summarises commonly experienced vicious cycles of thoughts, feelings and behaviours in type 1 diabetes and disordered eating. The resilience model summarises strategies and knowledge acquired by those with type 1 diabetes in recovery from disordered eating and individuals with type 1 diabetes who did not develop disordered eating. Early adverse life events, past psychiatric history, perfectionist personality traits, difficult experiences around type 1 diabetes diagnosis and its relentless daily management sensitise individuals to eating, weight and shape cues. Alongside physical symptoms/complications, unhelpful interpersonal reactions and inadequate healthcare, vicious cycles of thoughts, feelings and behaviours develop. 'Good enough' psychological adaptation to type 1 diabetes, integrating type 1 diabetes into one's identity, self care and compassion around eating, weight and shape were key protective/post-traumatic resilience factors. This first cognitive behavioural therapy model of type 1 diabetes and disordered eating informed by personal experience will inform an intervention for type 1 diabetes and disordered eating.

Development and psychometric validation of a multidimensional scale on the self-care needs of dependent people

To develop and validate an interprofessional, multidimensional self-care needs scale of dependent people. After a literature search, 61 items were identified and divided into nine self-care dimensions. The items were then reviewed by an expert panel (N = 11) to confirm the content validity of the scale. Refined items were pilot-tested in 12 patients, using a 5-point Likert-type scale. A final version was generated and psychometrically tested in 143 dependent men and women aged 37–102 (80.7 ± 10.1) years. The nine multidimensional self-care needs scales were developed on a broad theoretical and empirical basis. The scales showed very good psychometric properties, having adequate characteristics, satisfactory reliability, and good validity. The scales have good psychometric properties, with minor differential item functioning. The scales can be used by health professional and policy makers to measure dependent people's self-care needs. Nevertheless, it is necessary to perform further psychometric validations using a larger sample. This is an appropriate tool for application in clinical and research settings to assess patients' self-care needs. • Global ageing brings a growing number of people dependent in self-care. • Identification of self-care needs are crucial to prioritize caring for dependents. • An interprofessional team developed and validated a multidimensional instrument. • Nine self-care needs subscales revealed very good psychometric properties. • The self-care needs scale is appropriate for application in clinical settings and research.

Effects of mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions on diabetes distress and glycaemic level in people with type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

For people with type 2 diabetes, self management and fear of disease complication often cause psychological distress. Mindfulness and acceptance might be beneficial for reducing diabetes-related distress and glycaemic level. We systematically review the effects of mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions on diabetes distress and glycaemic level in community-dwelling adults with type 2 diabetes. Seven electronic databases (English and Chinese) were searched comprehensively from inception to June 2020. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. Nine RCTs (801 participants) examining the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction and self-directed mindfulness practice were included. In the reviewed RCTs, the majority of participants (mean age: 50-66years, average disease duration: 4-10years) had suboptimal diabetes control (HbA1c >7.0%, 53mmol/mol). Compared with controls, the interventions significantly reduced diabetes distress (standardised mean difference, SMD=-0.37, 95% confidence intervals, CI: -0.63, -0.12; p<0.01) and HbA1c (mean difference, MD=-0.35, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.04; p=0.03) up to 1-month post-intervention. However, the underpowered studies may have led to overestimation, the interventions for diabetes distress and HbA1c were heterogeneous. Within evidenced-based diabetes education programmes, mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches may reduce distress and HbA1c levels and promote self care in people with type 2 diabetes. Further controlled trials are recommended to examine the clinical effectiveness of such programmes for people with type 2 diabetes of diverse clinical, cultural and socio-demographic backgrounds.

The Effects of Self-efficacy and Self-stigma on Self-care in People with Diabetes

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the effects of self-efficacy and self-stigma on self-care in people with diabetes. Methods: The study included a total of 377 patients with diabetes enrolled in university hospitals in D city and public health centers in S city. Data were collected from 1 July to 31 August, 2017, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Diabetes self-care was positively correlated with diabetes self-efficacy, whereas it was negatively correlated with diabetes self-stigma. Participants’ education level, marital status, perceived health status, type of medication, self-efficacy, and self-stigma explained 42.4% of the variance in diabetes self-care. Conclusion: The findings indicate that diabetes self-efficacy and self-stigma are important factors for improving self-care in patients with diabetes. Therefore, systematic programs for enhancing self-efficacy and reducing self-stigma of these individuals should be developed.

Self-care of people with intestinal ostomy: beyond the procedural towards rehabilitation.

to interpret the self-care experience of people with intestinal ostomy registered in an ostomy program, based on the framework of the Social Model of Disability. qualitative exploratory research, with the participation of nine people with intestinal ostomy, based on the Social Model of Disability. majority were elderly, married, male with colostomy due to colorectal neoplasia. The self-care of these people was analyzed in two thematic groups: "Interdisciplinary assistance needed for people with intestinal ostomy" and "Self-care for the rehabilitation of the person with intestinal ostomy". It was proved that there was a need for a specialized health team, offering information on disabilities, teaching self-care and perioperative follow-up. when the social barriers of physical disabilities are overcome in the context of assistance for health and life, self-care will go beyond the reductionist vision of procedural care, towards comprehensive care, favoring the achievement of rehabilitation and the quality of survival.

Intervenciones educativas para la prevención del pie diabético

Introducción: El pie diabético es una de las complicaciones con mayor impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas con Diabetes Mellitus; en este sentido, las intervenciones educativas son fundamentales en la prevención de esta complicación, por lo cual este artículo tiene el objetivo de caracterizar las intervenciones educativas para el autocuidado y prevención de pie diabético en personas con Diabetes Mellitus. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Se realizó la búsqueda con las siguientes palabras clave: “Diabetes Mellitus and Educative intervention and Diabetic foot and Self-care” en español, inglés y portugués, en las bases de datos Ovid Nursing, LILACS, Google Scholar, Medline y fuentes de literatura gris. Se analizaron 56 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de selección, publicados entre los años 2008 al primer trimestre del 2020. Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes categorías de análisis: 1. Tipos de intervenciones (educación de grupo, educación entre pares, visitas presenciales y telefónicas, redes sociales y comunicación participativa); 2. Ítems a tratar en cada intervención (inspección diaria de los pies, ejercicios y demás cuidados); 3. Duración de las Intervenciones; y, 4. Impacto de las intervenciones (resultados obtenidos). Conclusiones: Las diferentes intervenciones educativas al usarse adecuadamente mejoran el nivel de autocuidado de las personas con Diabetes Mellitus y por ende mitigan el desarrollo del pie diabético.

Peran Petugas Kesehatan dan Keluarga terhadap Self Care Penderita Kusta

ABSTRACT&#x0D; An infectious disease that is still found in Indonesian society, namely leprosy, Indonesia ranks third in the world after Brazil. East Java is in the first place with the highest number of new cases of leprosy in 2018, with 2,701 people. Individual self care is influenced by age, gender, developmental status, health status, socio-culture, health services, family system, lifestyle, environment, and availability of resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of health workers and families in self-care for people with leprosy in Batuputih District, Sumenep Regency. Analytical research design with cross sectional design. The population is people with leprosy in Batuputih Health Center. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a sample of 32 respondents. Statistical test using the Spearman correlation test. The results of the study of 25 respondents obtained that most of the health workers participated in the self-care of leprosy sufferers as many as 16 people (64.0%), most of the families did not play a role in self-care for people with leprosy as many as 15 people (60.0%), almost all of them were self-care. care in the less category as many as 20 people (80.0%), there is no relationship between the role of health workers and self-care for people with leprosy with Sig. 0.065 (&gt; 0.05) and there is a relationship between family roles and self-care for lepers with Sig. 0.001 (&lt;0.05) in Batuputih Sumenep District with the results of the Spearman test. Families who do not play a role cause bad self-care for people with leprosy so that this can increase the risk of disability and worsen the condition of lepers. The role of health workers and families who are active in supporting self-care for people with leprosy can facilitate the healing and recovery process for people with leprosy and as a step to reduce the spread of leprosy.&#x0D; Keyword: Leprosy, Role of Health Workers, Family Role, Self Care

Harness online resources to boost self-care, NHS urged

THE NHS should do more to help people self-care by offering a clear online gateway to quality-assured information about minor health conditions, says charity

Assessment of the complexity of drug therapy and psychosocial and behavioral aspects in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide. The complexity of drug therapy and behavioral aspects are important factors in its management. Objective To characterize the complexity of drug therapy, attitudes, empowerment and self-care in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Observational descriptive study involving people with type 2 diabetes mellitus recruited in eight public primary care settings in Brazil, 2018. We used validated instruments to determine the complexity of drug therapy employing the Medication Regimen Complexity Index, and to describe the behavioral aspects, encompassing Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaires, Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form and Diabetes Mellitus Care Self-Management. Results The 119 participants showed median age of 64years (Quartile 1 57.0; Quartile 3 71.0) with predominance of women (68.1%). We found high percentages of participants with low scores on attitudes (87.9%) and self-care (84.8%) questionnaires, but with high scores on empowerment questionnaire (81.8%) in groups with high complexity of drug therapy. Conclusion High complexity of drug therapy concentrated low scores for attitudes and self-care, even though presenting elevated empowerment scores. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of these aspects on the behavior of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus on drug therapies of high complexity.

Development and Pilot Testing of a Tailored Text Messaging Intervention to Improve Self-efficacy and Health Beliefs About Self-care in People with Heart Failure

Introduction Self-efficacy and health beliefs are important modifiable factors influencing adherence to self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure (HF). Text messaging (TM) is a low-cost and scalable solution for delivering behavior change intervention and improving patient outcomes, yet it is largely unexplored in patients with HF. Hypotheses We developed a tailored TM intervention and conducted a pilot randomized control trial (RCT) to assess feasibility and preliminary efficacy in urban-dwelling patients with HF over 60 days. We hypothesized that patients receiving TM would report higher HF self-care efficacy, as well as fewer barriers and more benefits to medication, low-sodium, and self-monitoring compliance compared with patients receiving usual care. Methods We translated a validated, theory-based program of tailored Heart Messages into a Short Message Service TM intervention, and further enhanced its content using stakeholder input. We conducted a pilot RCT with two arms (TM intervention vs usual care). Eligibility criteria were medical diagnosis of HF (Stage C), access to a cell phone, and ability to read and speak English. Self-efficacy was assessed with the Self-Care Heart Failure Index (self-confidence subscale). Health Beliefs (perceived benefits and barriers) were assessed with the Beliefs about Medication, Diet and Self-monitoring Compliance Scales. Participants in the TM group received 3 individually tailored TM per week for 60 days based on their responses to the Health Belief scales at baseline and 30 days. Results Twenty-five patients (mean age 56±8.3, female=11, African American=23) were enrolled and completed the study (TM=11, control=14). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Although not reaching statistical significance, participants in the TM group reported better self-efficacy (mean difference (MD) 10.0, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -2.21 to 22.21; Cohen's d=0.66, p=0.166), and more perceived benefits with medication (MD 1.88, 95% CI: -0.53 to 4.29; Cohen's d=0.64, p=0.15) and low-sodium diet compliance (MD 2.35, 95% CI: -1.20 to 5.90; Cohen's d=0.54, p=0.105). TM significantly improved perceived benefits of HF self-monitoring (MD 3.48, 95% CI: 0.40 to 6.56; Cohen's d=0.86, p=0.047) and trended to reduce perceived barriers (MD -1.32, 95% CI: -6.03 to 3.39; Cohen's d=-0.24, p=0.473). Compared with usual care, TM did not reduce barriers of medication (MD 0.64 95% CI: -2.46 to 3.75; Cohen's d=0.18, p=0.977) or low-sodium diet compliance (MD 1.37 95% CI: -0.56 to 3.30; Cohen's d=0.58, p=0.166). Satisfaction with the TM intervention was high (2.94±0.07; Low=1, High=3). Conclusions The TM program was feasible to deliver and was associated with beneficial trends. It is now ready for testing in intervention studies with larger sample sizes.

The voice of community: self-care from the perspective of vulnerable populations. Brazil, 2019

Abstract Background Social vulnerabilities influence the beliefs and practices of people about care, resulting in worse health rates, including those related to self-care. Multidimensional care and the complexity of social vulnerability converge to lack of health resources and human rights violations. In this context, how do people perceive practices that promote individual and collective well-being? Methods Using qualitative methods, theoretically based on the notion of care as a way of being-in-the-world, according to Leonardo Boff. We conduct 24 interviews with participants belonged to the Parelheiros region and from Non-Governmental Organizations, in a Center of Excellence in Early Childhood in São Paulo. For data collection, focus group technique was used with material transcribed, and analyzed with thematic content analysis. Results Two themes emerged (1) Meanings of self-care: related to sense of agency, self- perception and self-regulation (2) Practices to promote self-care: related to promote friendship, voluntary work, psychotherapies, spirituality, breathing exercise, emotional regulation and dialogue. Conclusions Social vulnerability sometimes normalize lack of self-care in people's daily lives and work, due to perpetual social injustice The perceptions of self-care are broad and plural, based on the concept of care as a particular way of being-in-the-world. These results have implications in the field of public health, with regard to teaching and health promotion practices, reflecting the living conditions of social subjects. Key messages The research contributes to reflection on how the vulnerable populations, especially in the contexts of social and political crisis, organize themselves to care for their own through self-care. Promotion of individual and collective well-being in social vulnerability scenarios is in line with Global Health and involves reflecting on sustainable interdependence to maintain life with equity.

The Effect of Comprehensive Video-Assisted Epilepsy Education on Drug Adherence and Self-Care in People with Epilepsy.

Background Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder which needs proper drug adherence and follow-up care to control the recurrent seizure events as one of the most common reasons for “breakthrough” seizures is nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs. In addition to usual therapeutic management, patients are encouraged to involve in epilepsy self-management by understanding the nature of the disease and its control measures to prevent the complications. Methods A single group experimental design (pretest–posttest) was conducted to evaluate the effect of comprehensive video-assisted teaching program on self-care efficacy and level of knowledge of patients with epilepsy. Data was collected by direct interview with Epilepsy Self-Management Scale and epilepsy knowledge questionnaire. A video-assisted teaching covering all aspects of epilepsy was given on the day of pretest. At the interval of 3 months, the level of drug adherence, self-care, and knowledge level were assessed. Results Majority of the study participants (47.1%) belonged to the age group between 19 and 30 years, 54.3% participants were male, majority of them (70%) had tonic-clonic seizure, and 40% of them reported the onset of seizures as above 20 years. Eighty-seven percent of participants had no family history of seizures or epilepsy. Note that 38.6% of the participants had at least one seizure episode/month. Majority of the caregivers were either parents (41.4%) or spouse (48.6%). The study revealed that, following video-assisted teaching, the proportion of participants with adequate knowledge has increased from 14 to 64.3%. Similarly, the percentage of participants who had good drug adherence increased from 52 to 65% and no participant had poor drug adherence. Participants who had high level of self-care increased from 71.4 to 88.6%. Conclusion To overcome the poor drug adherence-related complications, people with epilepsy are to be personally educated adequately to increase the factual information about the condition and their self-care practices.

Fatores que influenciam o autocuidado nas pessoas com artrite reumatóide: revisão integrativa da literatura

espanolIntroduccion: el autocuidado y el autocuidado son parte de la vida diaria e involucran actividades intencionales para prevenir o limitar enfermedades y retrasar su progresion. La capacidad de autogestion / autocuidado de las personas con AR puede verse influenciada por multiples factores, desde creencias sobre la medicacion, que pueden influir en la adherencia, hasta factores externos, como la falta de acceso a cierta atencion medica. Objetivos: identificar los factores que influyen en el autocuidado en personas con AR. Metodos: revision integral de la literatura. en las principales bases de datos. La evaluacion critica, la extraccion y la sintesis de los datos fueron realizadas por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: se han incluido 12 estudios, de los cuales surgieron como factores que influyen en el autocuidado, factores relacionados con: apoyo social, apoyo emocional, socioeconomico y cultural, enfermedades y comorbilidades, servicios de salud y profesionales, tratamiento, conocimiento, intrinseco a la persona y barreras fisicas. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de las categorias identificadas en el presente estudio es util en el desarrollo de programas que intentan reducir las barreras y aumentar los factores de refuerzo, con miras a mejorar y desarrollar comportamientos de autocuidado. portuguesIntroducao: O autocuidado e a autogestao fazem parte da vida diaria e envolvem atividades intencionais para prevenir ou limitar doencas e retardar a sua progressao. A capacidade de autogestao/autocuidado da pessoa com AR pode ser influenciada por multiplos fatores, desde crencas sobre a medicacao, que podem influenciar a adesao, a fatores externos, como falta de acesso a determinados cuidados de saude. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores que influenciam o autocuidado nas pessoas com AR. Metodos: Revisao integrativa da literatura. nas principais bases de dados. A avaliacao critica, extracao e sintese dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: Foram incluidos 12 estudos, dos quais emergiram como fatores influenciadores do autocuidado, fatores relacionados com: suporte social, suporte emocional, socioeconomicos e culturais, doenca e comorbilidades, servicos e profissionais de saude, tratamento, conhecimento, intrinsecos a pessoa e barreiras fisicas. Conclusoes: o conhecimento das categorias identificadas no presente estudo constitui-se util na elaboracao de programas que tentam reduzir barreiras e aumentar fatores de reforco, com vista a melhoria e desenvolvimento de comportamentos de autocuidado.

The Factors Predicting the Health-Related Quality of Life Among Persons with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Public Health Region 4, Thailand: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background: Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) is an important consideration for persons with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This convergent parallel mixed-methods study aimed to examine the factors predicting HRQOL and to explore a comprehensive in-depth understanding of the factors associated with HRQOL in persons with COPD. Methods: For the quantitative arm, simple random sampling consisted of 240 persons with COPD in Public Health Region 4, Thailand and self-reported questionnaires were employed and analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0 software. For the qualitative arm, purposive sampling consisted of 30 participants that were interviewed and the transcripts analyzed using content analysis. Subsequently, a side-by-side joint display table was used to merge the data. Results: Social support was the strongest predictor of HRQOL, followed by nutritional status, pulmonary function, and functional performance with R2 = 0.801, p = 0.00. The participants perceived that social support can create encouragement, build convenience, and offer good recommendations. They also reported that the effects of COPD included poor nutritional status, deteriorating lung function, and activity limitations resulting in inadequate self-care in people living with COPD. Although age and gender were not found to be significant predictors of HRQOL, the participants perceived that differences in age and gender did not predict the prognosis of the disease. Conclusion: Four factors were seen to be significant predictors of HRQOL and potential explanations for the identification of the factors predicting HRQOL. Nurses and healthcare teams can modify the predicting factors and implement appropriate care leading to increased HRQOL in persons with COPD.

Orientações de enfermagem voltadas para o autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca

OBJETIVO: Identificar, na literatura científica, as principais orientações de enfermagem voltadas ao autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. MATERIAIS E MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura utilizando as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e a biblioteca virtual SciELO para a busca de publicações indexadas no período de 2009 a 2019, empregando os descritores ‘insuficiência cardíaca’, ‘autocuidado’ e ‘enfermagem’. RESULTADOS: Com os 21 estudos da amostra, elencaram-se as recomendações primordiais voltadas para o autocuidado da insuficiência cardíaca: Adesão farmacológica; Monitorização de sinais, sintomas e peso corporal; Restrição hidrossalina; Atividade física; Hábitos alimentares; Conhecimento da insuficiência cardíaca; Vacinação; Suporte familiar; Consumo do álcool; Cessação do tabagismo; Repouso; Atividade sexual e Atividade laboral. CONCLUSÃO: Pontua-se a correlação direta da prática adequada do autocuidado com a redução significativa em taxas de reinternações e descompensação clínica da condição.

Development of a subset of ICNP Nursing Diagnoses for the promotion of self-care in people with diabetes mellitus: a multi-center observational study.

Self-care is a key for people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to avoid severe complications and to maintain quality of life. Person-centered and accurate nursing care plans can help nurses to deliver effective self-care promotion interventions. Few studies focused on nursing diagnoses that are specific for diabetes self-care education, and none of them used the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). International Catalogues of ICNP nursing diagnoses are missing in this field. To identify the ICNP nursing diagnoses that are useful to promote self-care in people with DM; to describe the prevalence of ICNP nursing diagnoses in self-care of people with DM. A subset of 55 ICNP nursing diagnoses was developed based on the Middle Range Theory of Self-care of Chronic Illness, and most recent diabetes clinical guidelines. Then, the subset was tested through a multicenter cross-sectional design involving a consecutive sample of 170 adults with confirmed diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 DM. Data were collected by medical records, physical examinations and semi-structured interviews. 1343 nursing diagnoses were identified, with an average of 8 nursing diagnoses per patient. The 100% of the nursing diagnoses were described using the pre-developed subset. Overall, the five prevalent nursing diagnoses were: Body weight problem (56.4%), Non adherence to immunization regime (53.5%), Conflicting attitude toward dietary regime (41.7%), Impaired weight monitoring (39.4%), and Lack of knowledge about blood glucose diagnostic test result (32.3%). Nursing diagnoses by self-care maintenance, monitoring and management were also described. A huge amount of nursing diagnoses was identified suggesting the need of intensive education. Clinicians and administrators can use this subset to improve the accuracy of the documentation of diabetes care. In Public Health, the subset can be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of diabetes healthcare services. Future research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this subset in settings that are different from the one where it was developed. Finally, this subset could be a starting point to develop and International ICNP Catalogue for diabetes care.

Foot self-care knowledge and practice evaluation among patients with diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common major health problem and diabetic foot problems are important complications of diabetes. Patient’s awareness about proper foot care is important in preventing foot problems and amputations. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of foot self-care in people with diabetes attending diabetic clinic of secondary care hospital in Jazan region, southwest of Saudi Arabia. Design: This was a hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was conducted in diabetic clinic of secondary care hospital. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using non-probability convenience sampling, 132 respondents with diabetes fulfilling the inclusion criteria were assessed by a modified pretest two questionnaires that consisted of 11 questions, each were adopted to assess the foot-care knowledge and practices. Knowledge and practices regarding foot-care were classified as good, satisfactory, and poor depending upon the score.Each question was assigned 1 mark. A score ≥70% (8–11) was regarded as good, 50–69% (6–7) as satisfactory, and ≤50% (5 or less) as poor both for knowledge and practice of foot-care. Results: There were 103 (78.0%) male and 29 (22.0%) female patients with the mean age of 51.97 years ± 9.2195 standard deviation (SD). Mean score of knowledge about foot care was 8.37 ± 3.106 SD and median score was 10.0, whereas the mean score of practices about foot care was 8.14 ± 2.518 SD with median score of 8.0. A positive correlation was observed between the knowledge scores and the practice score (P < 0.001). Education has statistically significant impact on the knowledge (P = 0.001) and practices (P = 0.001) regarding foot care. Socioeconomic status had significant impact on knowledge and practices regarding foot care with P value of <0.05. Conclusion: This observational study revealed that many people with diabetes had negative behaviors toward foot -care. This simple quality initiative concludes the notion that people with diabetes should receive ongoing foot-specific education to prevent foot problems and complications.

RESILIENCE AND SELF-CARE IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the association between resilience and self-care in people with diabetes mellitus treated in Primary Health Care. Method: Cross-sectional study, sample consisting of 362 people, aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with diabetes for at least one year. Descriptive analyzes and comparison of means were performed, assuming statistical significance with a value of p &lt;0.05. The Resilience Scale and Questionnaire on Diabetes Self-Care Activities were applied, containing six dimensions: general food, specific food, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, medication use, plus three items on smoking. Data collection took place between December and May 2016, in ten Health Centers in a city in the south of the country. Results: among the 15 self-care activities, four showed a statistically significant association when compared to the average resilience, highlighting: healthy eating and professional guidance, desirable sweet consumption, blood sugar assessment as recommended. Conclusion: the results obtained highlight the relationship between high averages of resilience and adequate performance in the care of diabetes mellitus.