Selective Extraction Of Copper Research Articles

A Novel Selective Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Method for Versatile Determination of Copper in Sediment Samples by ICP-OES.

In the present study, a simple, mono step deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction was developed for selective extraction of copper from sediment samples. The optimization of all experimental parameters, e.g. DES type, sample/DES ratio, contact time and temperature were performed with using BCR-280 R (lake sediment certified reference material). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were found as 1.2 and 3.97µgL-1, respectively. The RSD of the procedure was 7.5%. The proposed extraction method was applied to river and lake sediments sampled from Serpincik, Çeltek, Kızılırmak (Fadl and Tecer region of the river), Sivas-Turkey.

Structural insights into the coordination and selective extraction of copper(II) by tertiary amine ligands derived from 2-aminomethylpyridine

To develop selective ligands for the separation of copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II), the solvent extraction and coordination chemistry of a bidentate chelating ligand, N,N-dioctyl-2-aminomethylpyridine (AMPO), and a tridentate chelating ligand, tert-butyl 2-(N-octyl-2-picolyamino)acetate (AMPA), were investigated. The ligands exhibit excellent extraction ability and high selectivity towards copper(II) over nickel(II) and cobalt(II) in the simulated electrolysis anolytes. Two novel copper(II) complexes, [Cu2(AMPO)2Cl4] (1) and [Cu(AMPA)Cl2] (2), were synthesized and fully characterized. The solid-state structures of the complexes 1 and 2 were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that the complex 1 consists of isolated dinuclear molecules unit with two bridging chloro ligands and the geometry around Cu(II) displays a slightly distorted square pyramid, and the complex 2 is also best described as a slightly distorted square pyramid in reasonable approximation distance. The stoichiometric ratios and association constants of the copper(II) complexes with AMPO and AMPA were also determined in CH3OH/H2O mixtures by UV−Vis spectrometry, respectively. The interactions between the ligands and the metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+) were correspondingly evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the results reveal that AMPO can be correspondingly coordinated through tertiary amine N atom and pyridine N atom with the three metal ions of copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II), and AMPA can be coordinated through tertiary amine N atom, pyridine N atom and the carbonyl O atom only with copper(II) not with nickel(II) or cobalt(II). All the results indicate that AMPA could be a better candidate for the deep removal of copper(II) from the nickel or cobalt electrolysis anolyte.

Hydrometallurgical separation of copper and cobalt from lithium-ion batteries using aqueous two-phase systems

A new green hydrometallurgical method was developed for the selective extraction of copper and cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries, using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) extraction technique. The method was optimized for the extraction of Cu(II) and Co(II), considering the influence of the following parameters: type and concentration of extractant (1-(2-pyridyl-azo)-2-naphthol (PAN), 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (1N2N), or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272)); pH (1.00, 6.00, or 11.0); ATPS-forming electrolyte (Na2SO4 or Na3C6H5O7); tie-line length (TLL) of the system; and mass ratio of the top and bottom phases (mTP/mBP). The recovery efficiency was evaluated in terms of the extraction percentage (%E) and the separation factor (S) between copper and cobalt. The best conditions for selective extraction were achieved using an ATPS composed of L64+Na2SO4+H2O, with pH=6.00, TLL=50.3% (w/w), mTP/mBP=1, and PAN as the extracting agent, which resulted in βCu,Co=3.22×102. The method was subsequently applied to a real lithium-ion battery sample, previously leached with HCl and HNO3. Improved separation of copper and cobalt was achieved using successive extraction steps, resulting in βCu,Co=5.40×105. A stripping assay was also performed, and after a single step, 70.5% of the copper was available for an electrowinning process.

Synthesis of ditopic ligands for the selective extraction of copper(II) nitrate and crystal structures of their Cu(II) complexes

We have synthesized two ditopic ligands for selective extraction of copper(II) nitrate. We also synthesized one cation-only binding analog for comparison. All three ligands were characterized by conventional techniques. Competitive two-phase metal ion solvent extraction experiments were performed at 25 °C over a period of 24 h. These ligands showed significant selectivity for Cu(II) ions, having the ditopic ligands extract 81 and 73% of the Cu(II) ions in a solution of different metal ions {Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II)} at pH 5.09. Competitive transport experiments (water/chloroform/water) were undertaken employing each ligand separately as the ionophore in the membrane (chloroform) phase. No metal ion transport was observed, but a large concentration of Cu(II) was present in the membrane phase. Competitive anion extraction and transport were carried out with the ditopic ligands, yielding selective extraction and transport of nitrate. Furthermore, a pH isotherm of the best ditopic ligand (H2L2) with Cu(II) was determined from pH 1.0 to 6.0, producing a pH½ value of approximately 2.6. Finally, crystal structures of the ditopic ligands complexed with Cu(II) were determined and refined. The coordination geometry around the metal centers are distorted square planar and the Cu(II)-donor bond lengths fall within the normal range.

Copper recovery from reverberatory furnace flue dust

In this study, leaching of reverberatory furnace dust at Sarcheshmeh was investigated in H2SO4-O3 medium. Response surface methodology based on central composite face-centered design (RSM-CCF) was applied to optimize the operating parameters. The optimal conditions to achieve the principle objectives of maximizing copper dissolution and minimizing iron dissolution from dust were identified to be a temperature of 30°C, a leaching time of 3h, an initial pH of 0.5, a pulp density of 20%, and an ozone flow rate of 1g/h. Under the optimum conditions, the copper and iron concentrations in the leaching solution were found to be 27.11 and 0.90g/L, respectively. The results showed that selective copper extraction from the dust could be achieved using sulfuric acid and ozone.

Izboljšanje selektivne ekstrakcije bakra iz toplotno obdelanega koncentrata halkopirita z luženjem z žvepleno kislino na zraku

Izboljšanje selektivne ekstrakcije bakra iz toplotno obdelanega koncentrata halkopirita z luženjem z žvepleno kislino na zraku

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for selective extraction of copper from aqueous solutions prior to its flame atomic absorption determination

This paper describes a pre-concentration procedure using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) nanoparticles for the extraction of copper(II) from aqueous samples prior to its atomic absorption determination. Cu–morin complex was used as template molecule which was chemically bonded to MMIP nanoparticles. MMIP nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The extraction conditions including pH value, adsorption and desorption time, temperature, amount of ligand and ionic strength of the sample matrix were studied and optimized. The method showed good extraction recoveries (≥96%) with relative standard deviation below 3.4% for real samples. The linear range of calibration curve was between 5–1000 μg/L with a correlation coefficient (r 2) of 0.996. The detection limit was 0.5 μg/L. The method was suitable for the determination of trace copper in drinking water samples.

Selective Recovery Of Copper From Solutions After Bioleaching Electronic Waste

Abstract Research on selective extraction of copper from solution after bioleaching grounded printed circuit boards (PCBs) using LIX 860N-IC were conducted. The effect of LIX 860N-IC concentration, phase ratio and influence of initial pH value of aqueous phase on the extraction of copper and iron was examined. It was found that the extraction rate of copper increases with the LIX 860N-IC concentration. Best results of Cu extraction (98 %) were achieved with extractant concentration of 5 % and pH 1.9. Higher pH value of aqueous phase (pH=2.4) is conducive to the simultaneous effect of Fe co-extraction.

Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Selective Extraction of Copper from Aqueous Solutions Prior to Its Flame Atomic Absorption Determination

Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Selective Extraction of Copper from Aqueous Solutions Prior to Its Flame Atomic Absorption Determination

廃リチウムイオン二次電池塩酸浸出液からの金属の溶媒抽出分離

The lithium ion secondary batteries (LIBs) contain valuable metallic components and although spent LIBs are not generally classified as dangerous waste, recovery of these metals is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work, separation of main metals such as copper, aluminum, manganese, cobalt, nickel and lithium contained in spent LIBs has been investigated using a hydrometallurgical treatment based on solvent extraction. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: Aluminum could be selectively separated from manganese, cobalt, nickel and lithium with solvent extraction using PC-88A at pH 2.0−2.5 after the selective extraction of copper with Acorga M5640 at pH 1.0−2.0. The extractant combination, D2EHPA+TOA, was efficient and selective for the extraction of manganese at pH 2.5−3.5 while leaving cobalt, nickel and lithium in the raffinate. Cyanex 272 was favorable to the separation of cobalt and nickel at pH 4.5−5.0 and nickel could be selectively separated from lithium using Cyanex 272 at pH 5.5−6.0. A separation process of copper, aluminum, manganese, cobalt, nickel and lithium from the spent LIBs using hydrometallurgical treatment based on solvent extraction was proposed.

Solvent extraction of copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel from sulfate solution in mixer settler unit (MSU)

The disposal of large quantities of electronic scraps generated globally is causing not only environmental pollution but also loss of valuable resources. Therefore, R&D efforts have been made to develop a suitable solvent extraction (SX) process for extraction and separation of various metals viz. copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel from the solution expected from the leaching of e-scraps. Different process parameters viz. pH, aqueous to organic ratio, extraction isotherm to establish stage requirement for extraction in continuous mode, etc. have been studied to optimize the condition for the separation of metals. The studies showed the selective extraction of copper after iron precipitation from the sulfuric acid leach solution of e-wastes containing 0.92g/L Cu and minor impurities with 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenoneoxime (LIX 84) above pH 2.0 in single stage. Further, extraction of zinc, nickel and cadmium was carried out using Cyanex 302. It was found that complete extraction of cadmium and zinc was taken place simultaneously using 2.5% Cyanex at eq. pH 2.1 leaving nickel in the aqueous raffinate, moreover Zn and Cd was selectively stripped out using 10% H2SO4 and 10% HCl, respectively. Based on the above studies a complete process flow sheet has been developed for separation/recovery to Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni from the leach liquor of e-waste.

COPPER RECOVERY FROM CHALCOPYRITE CONCENTRATE ACID LEACH SOLUTIONS BY ACORGA M5397

Chalcopyrite concentrate from Hajar Mine, Morocco, was leached with nitro-fluosilicic acid leach solution. The pregnant leach solution obtained contained 19.3 g/dm 3 Cu, 18.1 g/dm 3 Fe, 4.5 g/dm 3 Zn and 0.03 g/dm 3 Pb. Copper recovery from this pregnant leach liquor was performed by solvent extrac- tion using Acorga M5397 diluted in Escaid 110. McCabe-Thiele distribution isotherms showed that at pH 1.7 complete and selective copper extraction can be achieved with φo/φa =1.5/1 in 3 stages of extraction. Stripping of the loaded copper by treating the organic phases by a fresh sulphuric acid solution was easily realized.

Synthesis and characterization of three novel azocalix[4]arene Schiff base derivatives and their selective copper extraction

The synthesis and characterization of three novel Schiff bases of azocalix[4]arene and their selective copper extraction are described. The preparation of azocalix[4]arenes (1c, 2c and 3c) has been achieved by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with the amine group of upper rimmono-, di- and tetra-(aminophenylazo) calix[4]arene in ethanol. The synthesized products (1c, 2c and 3c) are characterized by both 1H and 13C NMR techniques, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Extraction capabilities of interested derivatives of azocalix[4]arene from aqueous phase into organic phase are also examined. While extraction of Ag+, Hg+ and Hg2+ cations gave strong complexes with azo groups, extraction of Cu2+ cation is found to be highly effective with –CH=N– and neighboring –OH groups.

廃リチウムイオン二次電池塩酸浸出液からの金属の溶媒抽出分離プロセス

The lithium ion secondary batteries (LIBs) contain valuable metallic components and although spent LIBs are not generally classified as dangerous waste, recovery of these metals is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work, separation of main metals such as aluminum, copper, cobalt and lithium contained in spent LIBs has been investigated using a hydrometallurgical treatment based on solvent extraction. The results obtained this study are summarized as follows: Aluminum could not be selectively separated from copper and cobalt by the precipitation method as hydroxide because the precipitation curves of aluminum and copper were close and cobalt was precipitated due to the coprecipitation with aluminum hydroxide or copper hydroxide. Meanwhile, aluminum could be selectively separated from cobalt and lithium with solvent extraction using PC-88A at pH 2.0–2.5 after the selective extraction of copper with Acorga M5640 at pH 1.0–2.0 while leaving cobalt and lithium in the raffinate. Acorga M5640 was efficient and selective for the extraction of cobalt at pH of approximately 6.0 while leaving lithium in the raffinate. However, the stripping efficiency of Co from organic phase (Acorga M5640) was very low. Therefore, the extractant combination, PC-88A/TOA, was favorable to the separation of Co and Li at pH of approximately 5.0 compared with Acorga M5640. A separation process of aluminum, copper, cobalt and lithium from the spent LIBs using hydrometallurgical treatment based on solvent extraction was proposed.

Sequential and Selective Extraction of Copper in Different Soil Phases and Plant Parts from Former Industrialized Area

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms; however, excess amounts in soil, plants, and food have negative impacts on the environment and human health. The aim of this study was to determine Cu levels in different chemical phases of soils and the relationship between Cu levels in soil phases and concentrations in plants. Soils and plants grown in these soils from an industrialized area in Turkey were analyzed using a selective and four-stage sequential extraction procedure. Copper levels in exchangeable fractions were found up to 658 mg kg−1 while total levels were in the range of 133–5609 mg kg−1. Copper concentrations in plant parts (roots and stem) were in the range of 2.6–240 mg kg−1. The exchangeable forms of Cu were in the range of 3–22% of total Cu concentrations. The relationships were observed between soil Cu and Rumex plant Cu, and soil Cu and root of Brassicasea plant Cu.

Selective extraction of metals from zinc concentrate by association of chemolithotrophic bacteria

Ability for selective extraction of copper and zinc from zinc concentrate using association of chemolithotrophic bacteria was investigated. In the presence of bacterial association, the rate of desalinization of zinc, copper, and iron was increased 3-fold, 4-5-fold, and 2-fold, respectively. Zinc, copper, and iron were levigated with the most significant rate. It was revealed that addition of Fe3+ 2 g/l resulted in reduction of iron desalinization and in 3-fold increase of desalinization rate of copper at constant dissolution rate of mineral zinc. It is suggested that the intensification of copper desalinization is connected with the activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria able to activate the mineral surface via elimination of passivation layer of elemental sulfur. It was concluded that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria play a significant role in copper desalinization from zinc concentrate. A unique strain of mesophile sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was isolated from desalinization pulp of zinc concentrate; in the perspective, it may serve as efficient candidate for performing of selective extraction of copper from zinc concentrate.

Synthesis of Silica Chemically Bonded with Poly(Ethylene Oxide) 4‐Arm, Amine‐Terminated for Copper Cation Removal

Chemically modified silica containing a poly(ethylene oxide) 4-arm, amine-terminated unit has been obtained in the multi-step synthesis. The synthesized material was characterized by elemental, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The support studied was applied for selective extraction of copper(II) [Cu(II)] from water solutions. The influence of different parameters (pH, amount of the support studied, and contact time) on the copper extraction was investigated. At the optimum conditions, the copper extraction was approximately 90%, significantly greater than that of the other coexisting ions--nickel(II) [Ni(II)], cobalt(II) [Co(II)], and manganese(II) [Mn(II)]. The exception was calcium(II) [Ca(II)], which reached 30% of the extraction percentage. The solid support retained its properties after treatment with different organic and inorganic solvents. The recovery of adsorbed Cu(II) ions was approximately 97%. The sorbent studied can be applied effectively for the pre-concentration of a low level of Cu(II) in the different water samples.

Simulated small-scale pilot heap leaching of low-grade copper sulfide ore with selective extraction of copper

The bioleaching of low-grade copper sulfide ore and the selective extraction of copper were investigated. Lix984 dissolved in kerosene was used as extractant. The results show that it is possible to selectively leach copper from the ores by heap leaching. The copper concentration of leaching liquor after 250 d is 2.17 g/L, and the copper concentration is 0.27 g/L after solvent extraction. The leach liquor was subjected to solvent extraction, scrubbing and selective stripping for the enrichment of copper and the removal of impurities. The pregnant copper sulfate solution produced from the stripping cycle is suitable for copper electro-winning.

Chlorate-based oxidative hydrometallurgical extraction of copper and zinc from copper concentrate sulfide ores using mild acidic conditions

A hydrometallurgical method has been developed which facilitates selective extraction of copper from a copper-concentrate ore that contains a significant composition of iron. Over 98% copper extraction has been hydrometallurgically extracted from an ore that contains 24.19% Cu, 29.22% Fe, and 0.567% Zn, all weight/weight composition. Under acidic conditions and in the absence of chlorate, iron leached out more easily than copper from the copper-concentrate sample. Sodium chlorate, an oxidizing agent, was found to influence the amount of iron that stayed in the leachate. For example, a leachate containing over 98% copper was found to have less than 0.4% iron. Experimental data show that the rest of the leached iron combined with other species in the leachate such as chloride to form jarosite. This extraction was carried out at a temperature of 165 °C for 2 h in an enclosed pressure vessel, under mild acidic conditions. This high temperature hydrometallurgical technique developed in this work leads to an enhanced grade of iron-free leachate which is rich in copper.

2-Quinoxalinol salen ligands incorporated into functionalized resins for selective solid-phase extraction of copper(II)

In exploring selective extraction systems for use in environmental remediation or in metal scavenging agents for use in combinatorial chemistry, a novel reagent for the selective extraction of copper(II) has been developed. 2-Quinoxalinol salen ligands supported on an aminomethyl-polystyrene resin has been shown to efficiently and selectively extract copper(II) ions from organic solvents within 30 min under a variety of experimental conditions. Mild reducing conditions allow for metal ion recovery.