Selection Of Shape Research Articles

Cultivation and Characterization of Oyster Mushroom and Its Application as Confectionaries

This study represents the cultivation of oyster mushrooms at room temperature, preparation of mushroom powder and ready-to-eat cookies from the combination of cocoa powder and mushroom powder with long shelf life. Nowadays, people are facing difficulties in meeting their daily nutritional needs through ready-to-eat foods, prompting the exploration of white oyster mushrooms as an ingredient for making cookies, potentially serving as an emergency food product. Mushroom farming is gaining popularity day by day. The mushrooms have lots of potential to be used in the diet for taking advantage of the nutraceutical properties of bioactive compounds due to lower fat and higher protein substance. The drift is absent from the canned item toward new and dried mushroom sales. Oyster mushrooms are popular due to their nutritional, medicinal, and potential commercial value. They can be cultivated using agro-waste raw materials such as rice straw and wheat straw. We prepare mushroom cookies that provide protein, carbohydrates, fat, and crude fiber. A wide selection of shapes and sizes, high digestibility, high energy value, relatively low production costs, convenience, and long shelf life contribute to their popularity.

Spectrally efficient DWDM system using DQPSK modulation

Abstract DWDM technology is gaining popularity in fiber-optic communication due to high-speed transmission channel capacity demands. The adoption of this system has been driven by this demand. Researchers focus on optimizing data transmission parameters within channel characteristics for maximum performance. The signal’s form typically influences the optical channel capacity, the guiding medium’s dispersive and non-linear characteristics, and interference from multiple sources. This study investigates how efficient modulated systems control linear and non-linear impairments in optical channel capacity due to high data rates transmitted over optical communication networks, aiming to circumvent current issues. The selection of pulse shape and modulation format is crucial for an effective DWDM optical communication system due to the rigorous specifications of the optical channel. Modulation formats like intensity and phase have become viable network design technologies, allowing for network creation that operates to the designer’s satisfaction. This academic study examines the theoretical properties of various models used to analyze and recreate high-speed optical communication links, aiming to understand the impact of system components and modulation techniques.

Drag-Mitigating Dynamic Flight Path Design and Sensitivity Analysis for an Ultra-Long Tether Underwater Kite

Abstract This paper presents a computational study of an underwater kite operating in environments requiring tethers exceeding a kilometer in length, referred to herein as ultralong tether (ULT) applications. Leveraging a detailed dynamic model of the kite and tether, we study the relationship between path shape and tether drag at varying tether lengths in order to develop meaningful insights as to the operation of systems that require ultralong tethers in order to reach viable flow resources. An initial study of a ULT kite application operating in a uniform flow field is presented, demonstrating that with an appropriately designed flight path, the kite is able to suppress the motion of the majority of the tether in order to achieve an order of magnitude greater power output than can be achieved with a straight tether, which is the typical assumption used in a performance estimation. Tether drag mitigation is characterized through the use of a novel metric termed effective tether length, which characterizes the total length of tether engaged in drag production. It is shown that a high-performance path shape can reduce the effect of tether drag by over 50%. This performance is shown to be comparable to the multi-airborne wind energy system (MAWES) proposed by Leuthold et al. (2017, “Induction in Optimal Control of Multiple-Kite Airborne Wind Energy Systems,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, 50(1), pp. 153–158; 2018, “Operational Regions of a Multi-Kite Awe System,” 2018 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, Limassol, Cyprus, June 13–15, pp. 52–57), which suppresses tether motion through mechanical design rather than merely though careful path selection and control. This initial study in a uniform flow field is followed by two sensitivity studies: one that assesses performance in realistic environments where the flow magnitude is a function of altitude above the seabed and a second that assesses the impact of tether drag reduction techniques. It will be shown that by careful selection of path shape, site, and tether design, a single kite in a ULT marine application can achieve performance rivaling that of the MAWES without the extra required mechanical complexity.

Exploring the Influence of Wing Shape on the Aerodynamics of Gliders

The lift-to-drag ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing shape play an important role in the performance of the glider. Lift-drag ratio, as a key index of aircraft performance evaluation, is directly related to aircraft glide performance, fuel efficiency, and flight range. The selection and optimization of wing shape is also considered to be one of the main factors affecting the performance of gliders. However, despite the extensive research in the field of glider design, there are still some gaps in the understanding of the relationship between lift-drag ratio and wing shape. The traditional research is carried out in a specific situation, and the aerodynamic characteristics of different wing shapes are relatively short of systematic comparison and in-depth theoretical analysis. Therefore, this research focuses on the design and performance optimization of gliders, focusing on the lift-drag ratio and aerodynamic characteristics of wing shape. The tracker is used to collect the data of glider models with different wing shapes in the air, compare the performance of various shapes, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and make a comprehensive analysis. Important findings from this study not only provide practical guidance for glider design but also provide insight into the relationship between lift-drag ratio and wing shape research, this research encourages further exploration and expansion of this area to advance the development of glider technology. This research provides useful references for scientists, engineers, and designers in the field of aviation, leading to more advanced and efficient glider design and manufacture.

A Comprehensive Study on the Selection of Mother Wavelets and Mode Shapes for Multiple Damage Identification

A Comprehensive Study on the Selection of Mother Wavelets and Mode Shapes for Multiple Damage Identification

Theoretical and numerical investigation of wedge and cone nose profiles at supersonic speed

This research endeavor seeks to analyze the nose shapes of a wedge and a cone through simulations conducted with the ANSYS-FLUENT software. When designing missiles and aerodynamic vehicles for high speed, the selection of nose shape is thought to be the most crucial. The aerodynamic bodies traveling at supersonic speeds experience a pronounced influence of fluid compressibility, wherein high-speed fluid particles impart their kinetic energy as heat upon interacting with the frontal surface. The primary difficulty is that missiles and aerodynamic vehicles with high aerodynamic loads depend heavily on the shape of their noses. Therefore, the purpose of this research work is to compare the shape of the wedge and the conical nose at Mach number 2.0. A numerical simulation is used to estimate aerodynamic properties such as downstream Mach number, shock wave angle, pressure ratio, density ratio, temperature ratio, and aerodynamic coefficient, and the results are compared with theoretical results, which are obtained to solve oblique shock relation and Taylor–Maccoll equation. The conical-shaped nose model exhibits superior aerodynamic characteristics compared to the wedged-shaped nose.

Computational fluid dynamics analysis on performance assessment of Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine using NACA0016, NACA0019 and NACA0020 airfoil sections

The efficiency of a vertical-axis wind turbine is remarkably less than a horizontal-axis wind turbine and consequently, the most important challenge of the former one is to enhance its aerodynamic performance. An earlier study shows that the selection of an efficient airfoil shape is an important criterion for enhancing the overall performance of a wind turbine. The objective of the present work is to perform the two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation of Darrieus Vertical axis wind turbine using NACA0016, NACA0019 and NACA0020 airfoils which are neither too thick nor too thin. Furthermore, the performance of these three airfoils is compared with two established airfoils, namely NACA0015 and NACA0018. The result reveals that the overall power coefficient of NACA0019 airfoils resulting from the CFD simulation is significantly higher than that of NACA0015. Therefore, the NACA0019 airfoil may be considered one of the effective alternative airfoils for the Darrieus VAWT. Highlights Simulation of vertical axis wind turbine using NACA0016, NACA0019 and NACA0020 airfoils Unsteady URANS studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the airfoils Among the blade profiles studied in this work, NACA 0019 offers superior fluid mechanical performance

An optimized and hybrid gating scheme for the suppression of very low-frequency radios in transient electromagnetic systems

Abstract. One of the most widely used approaches for measuring the earth's subsurface resistivity is the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method. However, noise and interference from different sources, e.g., radio communication, the instrument, the atmosphere, and power lines, severely taint these types of signals. In particular, radio transmission in the very low-frequency (VLF) range between 3 and 30 kHz is one of the most prominent sources of noise. Transient electromagnetic signals are normally gated to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. A precise selection of gate shapes is required to suppress undesired noise while allowing the TEM signal to pass unaltered. We employ the multi-objective particle swarm optimization technique to choose optimal gate shapes and placements by minimizing an objective function composed of standard error bars, the covariance between gates, and the distortion of the gated signal. The proposed method is applied to both fully sampled synthetic TEM data and to boxcar-gated field data. The best output from the search space of gate shapes was found to be a hybrid combination of boxcar and Hamming gates. The effectiveness of hybrid gating over traditional boxcar and semi-tapered gating is confirmed by an analysis of covariance matrices and error bars. The results show that the developed method effectively suppresses VLF noise in the middle gates, which are gates with center times spanning 30 to 200 µs , and in the late gates, which are gates with center times spanning 200 to 1130 µs. The analysis shows that the average improvement in standard errors obtained for the hybrid gating scheme over boxcar gating is 1.719 and 1.717 for synthetic and field data, respectively.

Improving dynamic process stability in finishing of thin-walled workpieces by optimal selection of stock shape

In 5-axis milling of thin-wall parts, flexibility of the in-process-workpiece (IPW) governs static and dynamic deflections, especially at the semi-finishing and finishing stages. Thus, the near net shape preform, i.e. the stock shape left for semi/finishing is crucial for chatter stability. In this study, a methodology is presented to design the stock shape for improved stability. Coupled process simulation, which includes material removal, finite element analysis (FEA) and process stability simulations, is used to show the effect of stock shape on chatter stability. Spindle speed is optimized along the toolpath based on the varying process dynamic behavior for selected cutter locations (CL). The proposed method is experimentally demonstrated on case studies.

Effect of diamond grain shape on gallium nitride nano-grinding process

In the grinding process, the quality of the product in the process is affected by many factors. In order to improve the processing quality and take into account the processing efficiency, the selection of a reasonable abrasive grain shape can be considered. This is a low-cost and highly feasible approach. In this article, the molecular dynamics method was employed to simulate the process of grinding GaN with four common synthetic diamond of abrasive grains (spherical, octahedron, cubic and cub-octahedron), and the surface morphology, material removal rate, temperature, potential energy, grinding force, substrate structure deformation, subsurface damage and dislocation were investigated. The results show that the cubic abrasive grain has the highest material removal rate with the number of chip atoms per unit area about 1.68 times that of the cub-octahedron abrasive grain. The lowest subsurface temperature of the octahedron abrasive grain during processing is 498 K. In contrast, the other three grits have similar subsurface temperatures of 540 K, 535 K and 545 K, respectively. The tangential force per unit area of octahedron abrasive grain is about 0.68761 (spherical: 0.23987, cubic: 0.4476, cubo-octahedral: 0.4314), but its potential energy is the most stable during processing. The shape of the abrasive grain has no significant effect on the coefficient of friction, while it has a significant effect on the subsurface damage. The depth of subsurface damage is the smallest for both cubic and cub-octahedron abrasive grain (2.4 nm), while cub-octahedron abrasive grain is more capable of promoting the generation of dislocations within the substrate. In addition, the performance of cubic and cub-octahedron abrasive grain at different grinding depths was further explored. Number of chip atoms, temperature, grinding force and subsurface damage all increase with the grinding depth. Nevertheless, the machining performance of cubic abrasive grain is still superior to that of cub-octahedron abrasive grain when the grinding depth is more than 1 nm. The outcome of this study may provide a micro-scale insight into the selection of abrasive grain shapes for processing GaN substrates.

APPLICATION OF SECURITY & COMFORT CONCEPTS IN THE TRADITIONAL SILIMO SETTLEMENT IN THE BALIEM VALLEY

The tribal war culture is very closely related to the location selection and building mass layout of the Hubula Tribe Silimo settlement. In addition, the shape of the Pilamo and Ebe-ai buildings in the Silimo settlement reflects the concept of safety and comfort. The problem of this research is how the arrangement of building masses with the concept of building mass layout in the Silimo settlement can embody a symbol of security. What are the functions and meanings of building forms, spatial planning and social relations as a symbol of comfort in the Silimo settlement. The method used to answer research problems is a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The results achieved by this study are how a security-based theoretical study can explain the selection of location, building layout and building form in the Silimo Hubula settlement in the Baliem Valley based on the concept of defensible space which includes: territoriality, natural surveillance, image and milieu, and Environment. Comfort in the form of relief, ease, transcendence related to the following aspects: Selection of location, material and shape of the building; Space organization with extended family concept; and space privacy.

Shell Shape Influence on Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Performance during Melting and Solidification

Phase-change materials have various applications across industries from thermal energy storage through automotive battery temperature management systems to thermal stabilisation. Many of these applications are shell and tube structures with different shell shapes. However, it is not yet known how the shape of the shell affects the melting, solidification times, and heat transport processes in such structures. To fill this research gap, seventeen shell shapes/orientations were compared using a simulation study. The well-known and validated enthalpy porosity algorithm implemented in the Fluent 2021R2 software was used. The numerical calculations were preceded by the measurement of thermal conductivity, phase change enthalpy, and specific heat during melting and solidification of the phase-change material. The shortest melting time was achieved for a semi-circular shell shape in the downward position, which was 44% shorter than the reference circular case. The shortest solidification times were recorded for an isosceles trapezium in an upward orientation relative to the reference circular case. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the melting time in shell-and-tube systems as a result of the appropriate selection of the shell shape.

Screw Osteointegration-Increasing Biomechanical Resistance to Pull-Out Effect.

Spinal disorders cover a broad spectrum of pathologies and are among the most prevalent medical conditions. The management of these health issues was noted to be increasingly based on surgical interventions. Spinal fixation devices are often employed to improve surgery outcomes, increasing spinal stability, restoring structural integrity, and ensuring functionality. However, most of the currently used fixation tools are fabricated from materials with very different mechanical properties to native bone that are prone to pull-out effects or fail over time, requiring revision procedures. Solutions to these problems presently exploited in practice include the optimal selection of screw shape and size, modification of insertion trajectory, and utilization of bone cement to reinforce fixation constructs. Nevertheless, none of these methods are without risks and limitations. An alternative option to increasing biomechanical resistance to the pull-out effect is to tackle bone regenerative capacity and focus on screw osteointegration properties. Osteointegration was reportedly enhanced through various optimization strategies, including use of novel materials, surface modification techniques (e.g., application of coatings and topological optimization), and utilization of composites that allow synergistic effects between constituents. In this context, this paper takes a comprehensive path, starting with a brief presentation of spinal fixation devices, moving further to observations on how the pull-out strength can be enhanced with existing methods, and further focusing on techniques for implant osteointegration improvement.

A new method to select the cross-sectional shape of stabilizing piles from the perspective of design robustness

Stabilizing piles with different cross-sectional shapes, e.g., circular, rectangular, and trapezoidal, have been widely used in landslide treatment. Indeed, the selection of the cross-sectional shape of the stabilizing piles usually relies on a designer’s experience or a quantitative evaluation of the ultimate lateral resistance of the piles, considering the constant soil parameters. However, the observed uncertainties in the soil parameters may affect the estimation of the ultimate lateral resistance. Hence, a quantitative method, that considers the uncertainties in soil parameters, for the selection of the optimal cross-sectional shape for stabilizing piles based on the design robustness is developed in this study. An illustrative example is also presented to demonstrate and verify the proposed method. It is concluded that a rectangular pile has the preferred cross-sectional shape from the perspective of design robustness. The influence of the initial confining stresses, geometric parameters of the cross-section, coefficient of variation (COV) and correlation coefficients of the soil parameters on the selection of the cross-sectional shape is also further discussed. This work establishes a theoretical basis for the selection of the cross-sectional shape and provides further insights into the optimization of the stabilizing piles in landslide treatments.

Impact of TSV bump and redistribution layer on crosstalk delay and power loss

The performance of a 3D IC is primarily reliant on the selection of an appropriate bump shape. The most prevalent bump shape (cylindrical) is experiencing substantial stress, power loss and crosstalk issues. TSV bump with a tapered structure have recently attracted considerable attention owing to its low volume fraction and coupling capacitance, that can substantially reduce the stress and crosstalk concerns. An impact of the redistribution layer (RDL), intermetal dielectric and high frequency skin effect are appropriately taken into account for the tapered TSV (T-TSV) with a cylindrical, barrel and tapered bump shape. A mathematical framework of the resistance–inductance–conductance–capacitance (RLGC) structure of the proposed T-TSV have been formulated by effectively considering the coupling, passivation and fringing capacitance of the RDL. In order to benchmark the proposed electrical equivalent circuit, the structural model of the T-TSV is validated against the fabrication based experimental results, and a subsequent analysis have been performed for the stress, crosstalk induced delay, and power loss. The proposed TSV structure is in good agreement with the experimental results with an average deviation of only 2.8%. Furthermore, irrespective of bump height, the tapered bump based T-TSV can effectively reduce the overall crosstalk induced delay, stress, power delay product (PDP), insertion and reflection losses with an average deviation of 20.22%, 22.30%, 23.55%, 8.01%, and 10.32%, respectively, when compared to the barrel and cylindrical bumps. In addition, it has been observed that the overall rate of change in PDP, power losses and crosstalk induced delay with considering RDL are 18.8%, 20.50%, and 25.22%, respectively independent of the bump shapes.

PERANCANGAN ILUSTRASI RUMAH BERTEMA “NURSE” UNTUK KARAKTER OCTALAND IP DI OCTAGON STUDIO BANDUNG

Learning media using technology is currently very influential in the world of education. With the development of technology, education is easy to obtain. Technology media in the form of 3D illustrations, makes it easier for children aged 4-6 years to understand the lessons. Octaland is an exploratory IP aimed primarily at children who want to get to know the types of work that exist with an interesting illustrative approach. The making illustrations of Nadia’s house is made using objects that are correlated with the medical world to make it easier for children to get to know Nadia as a nurse. The process of making this house illustration with the theme of a nurse is made using a simple and easy-to-recognize illustration. The selection of shapes that tend to be oval and curved lines are deliberately used because the target market is children and also represents Nadia’s gentle character.Keyword: 3D illustrations, Octaland IP characters

Toward Intelligent Fashion Design: A Texture and Shape Disentangled Generative Adversarial Network

Texture and shape in fashion, constituting essential elements of garments, characterize the body and surface of the fabric and outline the silhouette of clothing, respectively. The selection of texture and shape plays a critical role in the design process, as they largely determine the success of a new design for fashion items. In this research, we propose a texture and shape disentangled generative adversarial network (TSD-GAN) to perform “intelligent” design with the transformation of texture and shape in fashion items. Our TSD-GAN aims to learn how to disentangle the features of texture and shape of different fashion items in an unsupervised manner. Specifically, a fashion attribute encoder is developed to decompose the input fashion items into independent representations of texture and shape. Then, to learn the coarse or fine styles hidden in the features of texture and shape, a texture mapping network and a shape mapping network are proposed to disentangle the features into different hierarchical representations. The different hierarchical representations of texture and shape are then fed into a multi-factor-based generator to generate mixed-style fashion items. In addition, a multi-discriminator framework is developed to distinguish the authenticity and texture similarity between the generated images and the real images. Experimental results on different fashion categories demonstrate that our proposed TSD-GAN may be useful for assisting designers to accomplish the design process by transforming the texture and shape of fashion items.

SMSMEs Development Through Visual Identity Rebranding

Data from the Ministry of Cooperatives explained that 1,785 cooperatives and 163,713 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) were spreading the coronavirus pandemic (Antara, May 2020). The most limited MSME sector is food and beverage. MSME entrepreneurs feel the decline in sales, lack of capital, and hampered distribution. So that the competition in the culinary field is very tight, as experienced by one of the partners who became the place for Student Creativity Program activities, the Cake Mommy. Lack of knowledge of the owner of the importance of a distinctive visual identity to form consumer loyalty. For this reason, this activity aims to understand the importance of visual identity in trademarks and business logo stickers so that partners can increase the selling value of the products produced. Designing this logo uses the Design Thinking method through data collection, problem finding, research idea, design, and testing. The result of the design is in the form of a logo by combining typography with solid shapes to reflect that this brand is in the culinary field. Using tertiary colours attracts consumers to buy this food, even at a high price. In addition, the author chooses supportive typography, namely sans serif, because it gives the impression of being relaxed, informal, friendly, and approachable. The selection of solid shapes reflects the nature of the challenge and is intense. So that the new logo has an identity that is more reflective of a bakery. In addition, the logo is made simpler, cleaner, and minimalist to make the logo easy to remember and stand out in the eyes of the public.

A Small Active Magnetic Antenna of Loran-C

The Long-Range Navigation-C (Loran-C) system is an internationally standardized positioning, navigation, and timing service system based on a 100-kHz carrier. The development of the system antenna has always been one of the key research objects in the development of its receiver. In this article, a broadband compact small active magnetic antenna used to receive Loran-C signal outdoors and indoors is designed, which can be divided into a magnetic antenna part and an active circuit part. In the antenna part, this article designs a new “H”-shaped magnetic antenna with a high quality factor from two aspects: material selection and simulation of antenna shape. In the active circuit part, the amplifier and filter are designed by an operational amplifier, and the frequency selection is realized by a single-tube double tuning circuit to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Through the above designs, the effective reception of the Loran-C signal is realized outdoors and indoors. Finally, the whole Loran-C active magnetic antenna is processed and tested. It can completely receive a Loran-C signal, with a clear pulse group, and the frequency point of the signal is 99.21 kHz. The length of the antenna is 2.75 cm, and the size of the circuit board is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm. The SNR of the outdoor environment is 12.04 dB and that of the indoor is 16.48 dB.

Selection of the cross-section area shape of the ducts used in the shelter ventilation systems – analysis

Ventilation ducts are the basic element of any ventilation system. The paper presents three shapes of ventilation ducts used in industry and discusses them with particular emphasis on the possibility of using them in the con-struction of shelters. Circle ducts, rectangular ducts, and rectangular ducts with rounded corners. The flow and strength parameters of the indicated ducts were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of individual so-lutions were presented. Based on the conducted analysis, knowledge gaps were identified.