Selected Manufacturing Industries Research Articles

External shocks and dynamics of resource use patterns: empirical evidence from the Indian manufacturing sector

While promoting manufacturing growth is imperative to boost economic growth, potential adverse consequences on natural resources and ecology have created sustainability-related concerns and challenges. In India, with the reform processes deepening further and the business environment becoming more market-oriented over the years, the adoption of appropriate measures for sustainable manufacturing growth under such conditions would require a deeper investigation of the underlying dynamics, particularly to address the impacts of external shocks. This is especially true when external shocks alter market dynamics and, hence, input is used significantly in the manufacturing sector. Given this backdrop, the present paper examines how the major external shocks to the Indian economy during in the post-reform era have altered the resource use patterns in selected manufacturing industries. The paper uses secondary data collected from the KLEMS database of the Reserve Bank of India for the period from 1980–81 to 2019–20 and applies descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to address the research objective. It is found that energy intensity, vertical integration, capital intensity, and rate of growth of total factor productivity decreased over the decades, whereas labour productivity experienced an increasing trend in most industries. However, the trends are mixed in the case of material intensity. Further, the regression results indicate significant effects of external shocks on resource use, factor productivity, and structural changes. There are also industry-specific differences in the nature and extent of such changes. Hence, a deeper investigation of the underlying factors and impacts at a disaggregate industry level is necessary to draw more robust insights.

Effect Of Diversification on Organizational Performance of Selected Manufacturing Industries in South West Nigeria

The need for the adoption of diversification strategy became germane because of challenges which impede organizational performance. This study thus examined the effect of diversification on organizational performance of selected manufacturing industries so in south west Nigeria. Some studies of strategic study have investigated on the effect of diversification on organizational performance in manufacturing industries in Nigeria but have come up with inconclusive findings which create a gap that this study wants to fill. The specific objectives of the study are to examine the effect of related diversification on organizational performance and investigate the effect of unrelated diversification on organizational performance in manufacturing industry. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population consists of employees of 22 manufacturing industries listed in Nigerian Exchange Group between 2011-2020 dealing in Food and Beverages, Breweries, Health care/Pharmaceutical and Conglomerates. The sample size comprises eight manufacturing industries with 750 employee’s selected using stratified sampling technique and selected according to 50% proportion of original sample size. Data were drawn from primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the respondent’s characteristics and inferential statistics was used to analyze data collected. Findings revealed that related diversification have significant effect on organizational performance F (4, 745) = 11.988, p < 0.01, R= 0.651, R2 = 0.424, and adjusted R2 = 0.419). Unrelated diversification however have significant but negative effect on organizational performance F (4, 745) = 11.982, p < 0.05, R = -0.466, R2 = 0.217, and adjusted R2 = 0.208). The study concluded that related diversification increase organizational performance while unrelated diversif

Relationship Between Resource Management and Organizational Performance of Selected Manufacturing Industries in South West Nigeria

The need for adopting resource management became germane because of challenges such as poor capacity planning and utilization, inadequate skilled resources which impede organizational performance. This study therefore examined the relationship between resource management on organizational performance of selected Manufacturing industries in south west Nigeria. The specific objectives are to assess the relationship between material resource and organizational performance and to analyze the relationship between human resource and organizational performance .Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population consists of employees in 22 manufacturing industries listed in Nigerian Exchange Group between 2011-2020 dealing in Food and Beverages, Breweries, Health care/Pharmaceutical and Conglomerates. The sample size comprises eight manufacturing industries with 750 employees selected using stratified sampling technique. Data was drawn from primary source while descriptive statistics was used to explain the respondents’ characteristics and inferential statistics was used to analyze data collected. There is a significant positive relationship between material resources and organizational performance (R = 0.452**, N = 750, p < 0.01). Also it was found that there is significant positive relationship between human resources and organizational performance (R = 0.432**, N = 750, p <0.01). It was concluded that material resources and human resource increase organizational performance. Finally, it was shown that resource management is crucial for achieving organizational performance. Based on these findings it is recommended that management should put in place resource management policies that utilize inventory control, systems information gathering, that enhance product quality and improve performance.

Determinants of Effective Tax Rate: Empirical Evidence From Selected Manufacturing Industries in Bangladesh

Purpose: The objective of this study is to conduct an empirical investigation of financial and operational firm specific factors that have an impact on the effective tax rate (ETR) for Bangladeshi manufacturing firms operating in a variety of industries. Method: The study solely focused on three different production industries: Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, Engineering, and Ceramics. At least six years’ set of panel data have been collected from each industry between 2016 and 2021 in order to conduct an analysis of the panel corrected standard error model (PCSE). Thus, the PCSE model is used to conduct an analysis on a total of 265 observations derived from 44 different company listed in DSE. Findings: Out of eight financial and operational factors, firm size and profitability has a significant positive correlation with ETR in practically every sector separately and collectively. The findings are supported by political cost theory that suggests large firms have to pay more taxes due to political attention. One exception has been found regarding Ceramics sector where firm size has insignificant negative impact on ETR. This is reinforced by the political power theory, which states that politically influential corporations are less likely to voluntarily pay taxes because of the incentives provided by the power they wield in politics. On the other hand, Interest coverage ratio, Interest to sales ratio, capital intensity, firm age leverage has also significant impact on the effective tax rate in both model ETR1 and ETR2 differently across sectors. This study also concludes that there is variation among industry to industry and little bit of year indicators. Novelty: The study investigates the factors of manufacturing companies empirically and contributes to the variety of taxation issues among various manufacturing sectors. According to the authors’ best knowledge, there has been very little research on taxes, hence this study is a completely new contribution to Bangladesh’s manufacturing sector. Keywords: Effective Tax Rate; Dhaka Stock Exchange; Political Cost Theory; Political Power Theory

Elemental and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater and Soils Collected During the Wet Season at Selected Industrial Sites in Kano Nigeria

In this study, the elemental analysis of soils and effluents collected from selected manufacturing industries in Kano metropolis of Nigeria West Africa for the wet season of 2020 has been carried out using standard analytical methods, Analar grade reagents and approved calibrated equipment. All samples were analyzed in triplicates and the outcome values are presented as mean concentration in mg/kg. The mean concentration of heavy metals evaluated such as Co, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni and Pb show mixed levels (excessive, moderate and normal levels) when compared to the recommended levels by NESREA. Contamination factor (CF) and contamination degree (Cd) was determined for investigated elements in all 58 samples. CF for Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn were all ˂ 1, implying no potential ecological risk contamination. Enrichment factor (EF) was calculated to determine anthropogenic input of metals in all the samples investigated. High enrichment factor for samples MW, MS, ADS, FS, PPS, MW, DW, PPW, MyW, DFS, DS, AS, LZS, 7upW, and DFW (67.2 % of the samples), The mean concentration of the metals is an indication of pollution was tested with a high implication outcome most likely, when samples are continuously emptied into the environment untreated. Safe to remind us that heavy metals are toxic with excessive human health risks.

Determining the maturity level for the selected manufacturing industries through Industry 4.0 perspectives

Determining the maturity level for the selected manufacturing industries through Industry 4.0 perspectives

Determining the maturity level for the selected manufacturing industries through Industry 4.0 perspectives

Determining the maturity level for the selected manufacturing industries through Industry 4.0 perspectives

Assessment of critical success factors, barriers and initiatives of total productive maintenance (TPM) in selected Ethiopian manufacturing industries

PurposeThis research aims to investigate critical success factors, barriers and initiatives of total productive maintenance (TPM) implementation in selected manufacturing industries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design/methodology/approachThis study built and looked into a conceptual research framework. The potential barriers and success factors to TPM implementation have been highlighted. The primary study techniques used to collect relevant data were a closed-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interview questions. With the use of SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS 3.0 software, the data were examined using descriptive statistics and the inferential Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques.FindingsAccording to the results of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis using PLS-SEM, the case manufacturing industries' TPM implementation initiative is in its infancy; break down maintenance is the most widely used maintenance policy; top managers are not dedicated to the implementation of TPM; and there are TPM pillars that have been weakly and strongly addressed by the case manufacturing companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size is a limitation to this study. It is therefore challenging to extrapolate the research findings to other industries. The only manufacturing KPI utilized in this study is overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). It is possible to add more parameters to the manufacturing performance measurement KPI. The relationships between TPM and other lean production methods may differ from those observed in this cross-sectional study. Longitudinal experimental studies and in-depth analyses of TPM implementations may shed further light on this.Practical implicationsDefining crucial success factors and barriers to TPM adoption, as well as identifying the weak and strong TPM pillars, will help companies in allocating their scarce resources exclusively to the most important areas. TPM is not a quick solution. It necessitates a change in both the company's and employees' attitude and their values, which takes time to bring about. Hence, it entails a long-term planning. The commitment of top managers is very important in the initiatives of TPM implementation.Originality/valueThis study is unique in that, it uses a new conceptual research model and the PLS-SEM technique to analyze relationships between TPM pillars and OEE in depth.

MANAGING CONTEMPORARY INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the effective conflict management strategies employed within selected manufacturing industries in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Industrial conflict encompasses various expressions of dissatisfaction within the employment relationship, particularly those related to employment contracts that empower employees to negotiate. Conflict management, on the other hand, encompasses various methods and approaches to resolving conflicts within organizations. The implementation of conflict management techniques and programs in organizations has yielded numerous advantages. These benefits include increased productivity, improved self-regulation in conflict scenarios, enhanced interpersonal communication skills, reduced suspension rates, prevention of violence, fewer detentions, and the promotion of respect for diverse perspectives and opinions among individuals in the workplace. This study collected primary data from employees at Best Peacock Paint and Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Nig. Plc in Port Harcourt. Data analysis employed statistical tools such as absolute numbers, tables, and percentages to address research questions and gather personal information from respondents. Hypothesis testing utilized the x2 (Chi-Square) statistical technique. The analysis results revealed that conflict management strategies like collective bargaining, compromise, and accommodation positively contribute to employee performance within manufacturing industries. As a result, this study recommends, among other measures, that employers take proactive steps to manage all forms of industrial conflict to prevent exacerbation. Additionally, employers should avoid allowing unfounded assumptions to interfere with their pursuit of desirable outcomes successfully.

Occupational Health and Safety Measures of Selected Manufacturing Industries in Mysuru

The purpose of the study on occupational health and safety measures of selected manufacturing industries in mysuru. Occupational health and safety measures prevent workplace hazards, accidents, injuries, and diseases. Effective practices improve employees‟ physical and mental well-being, which enhances organizational performance. Creating a safe work culture can help a company run smoothly and effectively. The manufacturing sector can be considered one of the most dynamic areas of the economy. It plays a very vital role in the economic development of the country. The manufacturing companies cannot achieve long-term growth unless their employees are motivated, healthy and efficient. The employer must implement safety and health standards, regulatory requirements; management must also ensure that all employees have adequate knowledge and skill to develop their competencies to prevent workplace accidents or hazards and the implementation of safe working practices

Study of HR Practices for Contract Labours in the selected Manufacturing industries of Maharashtra State, India

Study of HR Practices for Contract Labours in the selected Manufacturing industries of Maharashtra State, India

Measuring the Factors Affecting Annual Turnover of the Firms: A Case Study of Selected Manufacturing Industries in India

The manufacturing sector works as an engine of growth as it creates the conducive path for socio-economic development. In the said perspective, numerous studied have empirically proved the positive contribution of manufacturing sector in social – economic development. However, limited studies could examine the factors affecting manufacturing sector in different industries in India. Thus, this study assessed the determinants of the annual turnover of the firms in the Indian manufacturing sector. For aforementioned investigation, it used financial statistics of 154 selected Indian manufacturing firms which were operating in seven different industries (i.e., automobile and auto component, chemicals and petrochemicals, construction, electronics, industrial equipment & machinery, pharmaceuticals, and textiles and apparels) from nine states of India. Log-linear regression model under the stochastic frontier production function technique was considered to examine the impact of specific factors on the annual turnover of the firms. It highlighted that annual turnover of the firms was significantly reflected with labour intensity; firm's age and size, R&D expenditure, and technology up-gradation; investment on machinery; annual salary of workers, skilled and un-skilled manpower. The findings of this study also indicate that India is required to adopt strict intellectual property rights (IPRs) policy to reduce the imitation rate of technologies for further improvement in technology transfer and commercialization. Effective education system, science & technology (S&T) and conducive research & development (R&D) ecosystem would be supportive to increase the performance of firms in the Indian manufacturing sector. It also provides the research direction to validate the empirical findings of this study.

Measuring the Factors Affecting Annual Turnover of the Firms: A Case Study of Selected Manufacturing Industries in India

Measuring the Factors Affecting Annual Turnover of the Firms: A Case Study of Selected Manufacturing Industries in India

An assessment of health facility factors influencing male participation in utilization of antenatal care services among spouses in selected manufacturing industries in Nairobi County, Kenya

Background: Male participation in utilization of reproductive health is likely to promote timely and proper antenatal care, encourage women to deliver under the care of a skilled attendant, and also help identify and seek heath care in cases of post-partum complications. However, in most African societies, pregnancy, delivery and postnatal services has been erroneously classified as purely feminine issue by the society.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted for the study. The target population of the study comprised of males above 18 years working in selected manufacturing industries in the area of Babadogo located in Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample size for the study was 266 respondents. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data collected was quantitatively analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: 56.0% (145) of the respondents had accompanied their partner to antenatal care facilities; 34.0% (88) of the respondents had ever participated in ANC services. Chi-square test statistics showed that distance to the nearest health facility (χ2=7.472 df=3, p=0.024), cost of accessing ANC services (χ2=26.253 df=4, p=0.001), attitude of healthcare providers (χ2=31.705 df=3, p=0.001) and friendliness of the waiting bay (χ2=9.718 df=2, p=0.008) significantly influenced male participation in antenatal care services’ utilization among spouses.Conclusions: Despite majority of men accompanying their wives to antenatal care facilities, most of them did not participate in the antenatal care services. Another conclusion is that facility factors such as distance, cost, health care providers’ attitude, and waiting bay friendliness influence male participation in utilization of antenatal care services.

Work-life balance and employees’ performance in selected manufacturing industries in Ogun state, Nigeria.

Work-life balance and employees’ performance in selected manufacturing industries in Ogun state, Nigeria.

The Effects of Total Quality Management Practices and Marketing on Performance of SMEs. A Case of Selected Manufacturing Industries, Greece

Most global studies have to a greater extent underscored the importance of Total quality management practices and some marketing aspects concerning organizational performance. Most studies have focused on establishing the level to which TQM practices influence customer satisfaction and not the whole organization. There is also little evidence on how marketing practices influence organizational performance. This study therefore seeks to assess the impact of Total Quality management practices and marketing on organizational performance. Data was collected from a sample size of 289 respondents who were employees of the different manufacturing industries in Greece. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationship between study variables. The study findings confirmed the presence of a relationship between TQM practices and organizational performance. Similarly there was a positive relationship between marketing practices and organizational performance. The study concluded that the TQM practices and marketing are great influencers of quality hence should always be applied in organizations.

The effects of TQM practices on performance of organizations: A case of selected manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia

The effects of TQM practices on performance of organizations: A case of selected manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia

Factors Affecting Firm’s Annual Turnover in Selected Manufacturing Industries of India

Purpose: This study makes a comparison of the manufacturing sector and its determinants for India and selected Asian countries. It examines the factors affecting the annual turnover of randomly selected 154 firms in seven different industries of the Indian manufacturing sector.
 Methods: In this study, the firm’s annual turnover is used as a dependent variable. Labor productivity, age, investment on plant & machinery, annual expenditure on marketing, total employees, production technology up-gradation, shortage of skilled workers, skills to improve the process, use of hi-tech tool and technique in production activities, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, foreign collaboration, waste management capabilities and building capacity of firms are used as independent variables. Regression coefficients of explanatory variables are assessed using linear, log-linear, and non-linear regression models.
 Results: The study concluded that the firm's annual turnover has a significant association with technological development related variables, labor productivity, age, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, and waste management practices of firms. 
 Implications: It suggests that Indian policymakers need to adopt a strong IPRs, education, and S&T policy in research institutions. India needs to increase R&D expenditure and researchers in research institutions. Research institutions should collaborate with the existing industries to discover more technologies and innovations for the manufacturing sector. All research organizations must set up technology transfer offices to increase technology transfer and commercialization. Furthermore, India needs to set up hi-tech firms to face global challenges.
 Originality: It uses primary data of 154 firms which are collected from seven different industries across Indian states. Thus, the study substantially contributes to the existing literature. 
 Limitations: This study considers seven different industries that have high diversity in socio-economic, science & technological and IPRs related activities, technology transfer, commercialization of technology, and association with research institutions. Therefore, this study cannot provide policy suggestions for a specific industry.
 

Green HRM Practices Followed by Selected Manufacturing Industries in Coimbatore

There is an increasing need for combining environmental management into Human Resource Management (HRM) which the experts termed as “ Green HRM “ . It is the research practice and Sustainability for any company focuses on its existence in relation to economic and social sustainability of the firm. In the recent era, due to different legal, social, moral, and, ethical issues, it is required to acknowledge that, individual and social responsibility for saving the mother earth is not an optional thing but a business imperative. It is essential for any company/firm to ensure that, recent business goals have made without compromising the ability of future generations for meeting their own needs. To attain the same, ‘Green HRM’ is emerging as a recent initiative that promotes environment concerned Human Resources practices. Through Green Human Resources practices, firms seek to produce the environmental awareness and commitment for greener world, among employees and society. Green HRM initiatives taken by companies will result in greater efficiency, lower costs and improved employee engagement and retention, with the help of initiatives taken in different HR processes for improving the sustainable utilization of resources. The Greening of Human Resource policies include methods of environmentally friendly "green" initiatives that organizations are utilizing, involving their workforce and human resource practices. The present paper makes an effort for discuss the concept of Green HRM, reviews various studies conducted across globe in the field of Green HRM and analyses the awareness about how the Green HRM has been implemented in the selected manufacturing industries in Coimbatore

Cost reduction and quality improvement through Lean-Kaizen concept using value stream map in Indian manufacturing firms

As customer’s demands are continuously hiking for low price quality products, Indian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are struggling and facing challenges in order to meet these demands at the lowest cost. This research paper demonstrates the process for significant cost reduction and quality improvement in an Indian SME by applying Lean-Kaizen concept using a popular lean tool named value stream map (VSM). A current stream state map of ‘gear sector’ was prepared from data collected by taking personal visits to the selected manufacturing industry. After carefully investigating the current situations, a future state map was developed in which non-value add activities (NVAs)/waste were identified and eliminated. The 5-why method was used to identify root causes of these waste in the process. One Kaizen event was proposed to bridge the gap between the current and future state of selected industry. Through Kaizen event, a major quality problem which significantly contributed to rejection cost of nearly 1250/- INR per day was eliminated. The data obtained after Kaizen event was analyzed and reported benefits such as quality improvement, cycle time reduction time saving, customer satisfaction and zero defects are presented as finding. Through the present work, it is evident that the implementation of Lean-Kaizen concept helps to tackle inefficiencies in the processes and provide opportunities for reducing cost by applying small–small changes across the organization.