Selection Of Lines Research Articles

The costs of “crony capitalism” in regional transmission grid expansion

There is an urgent need to expand regional transmission lines for reliability and clean energy, while also ensuring that new infrastructure investments are cost effective. However, several states have enacted – and some continue to consider – laws that grant incumbent monopoly utilities a right-of-first-refusal (ROFR) to build new electric power transmission lines. Transmission ROFR laws, such as those enacted by several Midwestern states, allow regional grid planners to select new transmission line projects without running competitive solicitations. While incumbent utilities have continued to lobby state legislatures to adopt transmission ROFR laws, the best evidence available shows that ROFR laws are harmful to customer welfare. Customers affected by ROFR laws do not realize the cost savings and other benefits of competition in transmission line selection, including superior cost containment and innovative grid modernization solutions. In addition, uncertainty about the legality of transmission ROFR laws–what the Iowa Supreme Court has called “crony capitalism”--does not promote a stable investment environment for new transmission infrastructure. Instead of enacting and continuing to endorse transmission ROFRs, states would better promote cost-effective grid modernization by encouraging competitive bidding selection processes for new regional transmission lines. Cost-effective transmission planning requires regulators to balance a broad range of factors in permitting and cost recovery for projects. State regulators commonly use such approaches to evaluate the purchase of power generation from competitive sources. Regional transmission line projects could benefit from similar safeguards to protect customers.

MAQASID SYARIAH AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS SELECTION: TOXICS SUBSTANCES PREVENTION

The use of cosmetic products is increasing all the time, not only among women but also among men. In this regard, this study examines how cosmetic product selection is based on maqasid shariah in order to prevent customers from using cosmetic product that threaten themselves and their lives.This reseearch is qualitative and using data collection method from article journal. Meanwhile, the main data analysis method use analyze content. As a result, the selection of cosmetic products using the concept of halalan toyyibah is used as a basis and yardstick for the prevention of harmful substances in cosmetic products, ensuring that the selection and manufacture of cosmetic product line up with Shariah law and the principle of the halal and tayyabah. Furthermore, consumers must be aware of the dangers of utilising unapproved cosmetic products. However, the claims made about cosmetic items in advertisements are exaggerated, and the effects of their use are not as portrayed, leading to customer confusion and severe consequences.

Differential adult lifespan and starvation stress responses in laboratory evolved bivoltine silkworm breeds of Bombyx mori l.

Silkworm breeding is majorly focused on balancing the progress of productive trait to generate profitability.However, with recurrent commercialization and utilization of such productive trait through heterosis may decline with drastic climatic variations. In order to achieve and generate profitability in sericulture, paradigm shift is essential through transition from balanced breeding to sustainable breeding via selection of breeding lines with better adult moth longevity which confers the benefits by coping with stressful environment. In the present investigation, CSR bivoltine silkworm breeds were screened to understand the adult moth longevity among them which have attained two decades of evolution. Differential longevity was recorded among the selected breeds. The maximum and minimum longevity was observed in CSR 51 and CSR17 respectively than other breeds. The short-listed breeds were exposed to starvation stress, wherein, interestingly, the CSR51 was highly tolerant compared to other breeds and CSR17 being short-lived was susceptible to starvation stress. The data obtained suggest that the relatively longer lifespan may be rendering more tolerance towards the starvation stress mediated lethality, as evident by the induced starvation stress assay. This would help us to focus on the generation of long-lived breeding lines with better longevity which could intrinsically determine for better abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.

High-Resistance Grounding Fault Detection and Line Selection in Resonant Grounding Distribution Network

The detection and selection of fault lines in resonant grounding distribution networks pose challenges due to the lack of sufficient state parameters and data. This paper proposes an approach to overcome these limitations by reconstructing the initial criterion for fault occurrence and fault line selection. Firstly, a combination of 15% of the traditional phase voltage and the sum of the zero-sequence voltage gradient is suggested as the initial criterion for fault occurrence. This improves the speed of the line selection device. Additionally, the transient process of high-resistance grounding in a resonant grounding system is analyzed based on the impedance characteristics of high- and low-frequency lines. The line selection criterion is then established by comparing the current and voltage derivative waveforms on high- and low-frequency lines. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations are conducted. The results demonstrate that this method can effectively handle high-resistance grounding faults under complex conditions while meeting the required speed for line selection.

Evaluating the collection of maize inbred lines originating from Primorsky Krai

Background. The modern breeding of maize hybrids for high heterosis pays considerable attention to the creation of new starting material, i. e. inbred lines. Their genetic potential depends primarily on the quality of forms used in self-pollination, on the selection and evaluation of progeny aimed at achieving the homozygosity of economically important traits.Methods. The study on maize inbred lines was carried out by the Laboratory of the Breeding and Breeder Seed Production of Maize in an experimental field plot at FSBSI «FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika». A standard method was employed, which included the self-pollination and selection of lines for a complex of economically important traits over several years to achieve homozygosity.Results. The research resulted in the selection of genotypes that combined high yield with a low moisture content in grain at harvest maturity PK 160, PK 139, PK 65, and PK 155. We identified sources of such economically important traits as the height of plants and cobs (PK 26, PK 36, PK 39, PK 42, PK 55, PK 78, and PK 181), cob length (PK 55, PK 57, PK 58, PK 65, PK 69, PK 153, PK 155, PK 160, PK 164, and PK 175), cob weight (PK 160, PK 65, PK 155, PK 139, and PK 52), the number of grains per cob (PK 42, PK 52, and PK 65), grain weight per cob (PK 65, PK 155, and PK 160), the 1000 kernel weight (PK 160, PK 175, PK 181, PK 139, and PK 65), and a high general combining ability (PK 58, PK 124, PK 176, PK 1/3, and PK 3). The selected accessions will be involved in a breeding program to create highly heterotic maize hybrids.

Analysis of Infrared Spectral Radiance of O2 1.27 μm Band Based on Space-Based Limb Detection

The infrared spectral radiance of O2 is of great significance for space-based infrared detection. In this work, based on the demand for near-infrared spectral radiance of O2 limb detection, a method of spectral radiance calculation coupled with an atmospheric remote sensing model of limb detection is proposed. According to the selection criteria of fine spectral lines, the most suitable spectral lines of the O2 1.27 μm band for detection are given. Specifically, the limb infrared radiances of the O2 1.27 μm band were simulated by using the spectral line data from the spectral database, and the effects of molecular self-absorption were also considered. Furthermore, the infrared spectral radiance distribution of the O2 1.27 μm band was simulated under the influence of altitude, and finally, the detectability of the 1.27 μm band of O2 molecules was analyzed using the criteria of spectral line selection, radiance intensity, spectral separation range and temperature sensitivity. The calculation results show that the spectral radiance of the 1.27 μm band of O2 molecules first increases and then decreases with the decrease of the limb height, and the radiance reaches the peak value in the range of 40–50 km. In terms of the selection of spectral lines, the two groups of spectral lines R7R7, R7Q8 and R11R11, R11Q12 are most suitable for the limb detection and measurement of the O2 1.27 μm band.

Single-phase grounding line selection method for closed-loop distribution network adapted to medium voltage microgrid access

Aim: The access of the medium-voltage (MV) microgrid changes the radial structure of traditional distribution networks, causing the distribution network to operate in a closed-loop manner. The closed-loop operation complicates the fault characteristics of the distribution network, and the traditional single-phase grounding (SPG) line selection method is no longer applicable. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new targeted SPG line selection method. Methods: This paper analyzes the network structure of MV microgrids and MV distribution networks and establishes a multi-level closed-loop operation distribution network model with MV microgrid access. Then, the SPG fault characteristics of the closed-loop operation distribution system under the small current grounding mode are analyzed from the perspective of two-level bus nodes. Furthermore, based on the analysis of fault characteristics, a closed-loop operation distribution network line selection method suitable for microgrid access is proposed, and a detailed design is carried out in terms of equipment configuration and communication schemes, forming a relatively complete automatic line selection system. At the same time, the proposed line selection scheme is based on the two-level bus nodes, which can be analogously applied to the multi-level closed-loop operation distribution network. Results: The simulation results show that the proposed line selection scheme can be effectively applied to the closed-loop operation distribution network with MV microgrid access. Conclusion: The traditional SPG line selection method will have misjudgment problems after the MV microgrid is integrated into the distribution network, but the line selection method proposed in this paper has good adaptability.

Effect of Soil Drought Stress on Selected Biochemical Parameters and Yield of Oat × Maize Addition (OMA) Lines.

Plant growth and the process of yield formation in crops are moderated by surrounding conditions, as well as the interaction of the genetic background of plants and the environment. In the last two decades, significant climatic changes have been observed, generating unfavorable and harmful impacts on plant development. Drought stress can be considered one of the most dangerous environmental factors affecting the life cycle of plants, reducing biomass production and, finally, the yield. Plants can respond to water deficit in a wide range, which depends on the species, genetic variability within the species, the plant's ontogenesis stage, the intensity of the stress, and other potential stress factors. In plants, it is possible to observe hybrids between different taxa that certain traits adopted to tolerate stress conditions better than the parent plants. Oat × maize addition (OMA) plants are good examples of hybrids generated via wide crossing. They can exhibit morphological, physiological, and biochemical variations implemented by the occurrence of extra chromosomes of maize, as well as the interaction of maize and oat chromatin. The initial goal of the study was to identify OMA lines among plants produced by wide crossing with maize. The main goal was to investigate differences in OMA lines according to the Excised Leaf Water Loss (ELWL) test and to identify specific biochemical changes and agronomic traits under optimal water conditions and soil drought. Additionally, detection of any potential alterations that are stable in F2 and F3 generations. The aforementioned outcomes were the basis for the selection of OMA lines that tolerate growth in an environment with limited water availability. The molecular analysis indicated 12.5% OMA lines among all tested descendants of wide oat-maize crossing. The OMA lines significantly differ according to ELWL test results, which implies some anatomical and physiological adaptation to water loss from tissues. On the first day of drought, plants possessed 34% more soluble sugars compared to control plants. On the fourteen day of drought, the amount of soluble sugars was reduced by 41.2%. A significant increase of phenolic compounds was observed in the fourteen day of drought, an average of 6%, even up to 57% in line 9. Soil drought substantially reduced stem biomass, grains number, and mass per plant. Lower water loss revealed by results of the ELWL test correlated with the high yield of OMA lines. Phenolic compound content might be used as a biochemical indicator of plant drought tolerance since there was a significant correlation with the high yield of plants subjected to soil drought.

5'-UTR allelic variants and expression of the lycopene-ɛ-cyclase LCYE gene in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of Russian selection.

In breeding, biofortification is aimed at enriching the edible parts of the plant with micronutrients. Within the framework of this strategy, molecular screening of collections of various crops makes it possible to determine allelic variants of genes, new alleles, and the linkage of allelic variants with morphophysiological traits. The maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal and silage crop, as well as a source of the main precursor of vitamin A - β-carotene, a derivative of the β,β-branch of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The parallel β,ε-branch is triggered by lycopene-ε-cyclase LCYE, a low expression of which leads to an increase in provitamin A content and is associated with the variability of the 5'-UTR gene regulatory sequence. In this study, we screened a collection of 165 maize inbred lines of Russian selection for 5'- UTR LCYE allelic variants, as well as searched for the dependence of LCYE expression levels on the 5'-UTR allelic variant in the leaves of 14 collection lines. 165 lines analyzed were divided into three groups carrying alleles A2 (64 lines), A5 (31) and A6 (70), respectively. Compared to A2, allele A5 contained two deletions (at positions -267- 260 and -296-290 from the ATG codon) and a G251→T substitution, while allele A6 contained one deletion (-290-296) and two SNPs (G251→T, G265→T). Analysis of LCYE expression in the leaf tissue of seedlings from accessions of 14 lines differing in allelic variants showed no associations of the 5'-UTR LCYE allele type with the level of gene expression. Four lines carrying alleles A2 (6178-1, 6709-2, 2289-3) and A5 (5677) had a significantly higher level of LCYE gene expression (~0.018-0.037) than the other 10 analyzed lines (~0.0001-0.004), among which all three allelic variants were present.

Multivariate Genomic Hybrid Prediction with Kernels and Parental Information.

Genomic selection (GS) plays a pivotal role in hybrid prediction. It can enhance the selection of parental lines, accurately predict hybrid performance, and harness hybrid vigor. Likewise, it can optimize breeding strategies by reducing field trial requirements, expediting hybrid development, facilitating targeted trait improvement, and enhancing adaptability to diverse environments. Leveraging genomic information empowers breeders to make informed decisions and significantly improve the efficiency and success rate of hybrid breeding programs. In order to improve the genomic ability performance, we explored the incorporation of parental phenotypic information as covariates under a multi-trait framework. Approach 1, referred to as Pmean, directly utilized parental phenotypic information without any preprocessing. While approach 2, denoted as BV, replaced the direct use of phenotypic values of both parents with their respective breeding values. While an improvement in prediction performance was observed in both approaches, with a minimum 4.24% reduction in the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), the direct incorporation of parental phenotypic information in the Pmean approach slightly outperformed the BV approach. We also compared these two approaches using linear and nonlinear kernels, but no relevant gain was observed. Finally, our results increase empirical evidence confirming that the integration of parental phenotypic information helps increase the prediction performance of hybrids.

Estimation of Association among the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in the Segregating Population of Rice

Indirect selection, using correlation coefficients, linear regression coefficients and path analysis, uses a variety of yield determinants that are more heritable than yield itself and less influenced by environmental factors and therefore are stable. Therefore, indirect selection based on the characters makes the selection process more efficient, especially in the early generations. Correlation coefficient analysis and the use of path coefficients are particularly important for economical and complex traits such as yield, where direct selection is less effective. Thus the present experiment was undertaken to decipher the character association between the characters in a segregating population (F2) obtained from a cross between Naveen x IR 64 Drt1rom the study, it was evident that the characters like leaf breadth, leaf area, plant height, panicle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of filled grains, grain length and test weight had the maximum association with yield among the characters under the study. Correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis, revealed that the characters viz., number of filled grains per plant followed bygrain breadth, total number of grains, number of secondary branches, plant height, number of panicles, leaf breadth, flag leaf area, 1000 seed weight, panicle lengthand number of primary branches had a highly significant and positive correlation with yield and positive direct effect on yield. Thus, emphasis may be given to these traits for the effective selection of promising lines under study.

Correlation and K-means clustering based small current ground fault line selection algorithm

The existing small current grounding line selecting technique has consequences by transition resistance, fault closure angles, and the fault location, and there is a problem of low selection accuracy, which is addressed by proposing a line-choosing algorithm that employs a combination of transient zero-sequential current (TZSC) waveform correlation and K-means clustering. First, to obtain the correlation coefficient matrix, the correlation analysis is performed for each line of the zero-sequence currents transient measurement values; second, to address the issue of the difficulties in manually setting the threshold, we apply the K-mean cluster analysis algorithm to group the row vectors of the correlation coefficients matrices; and finally, we output the label of the cluster to realize the fault line selection. Simulation and real-world fault data validate the method, showing that it is independent of transition resistance, fault closure angles, and fault location. It can achieve precise and dependable line selectivity.

A single-phase ground fault intelligent wire selection method based on an ant colony algorithm

For the single-phase ground fault, which has the highest probability of occurrence in a 10 kV distribution network, the ant colony algorithm is combined with a neural network for fault line selection, and the algorithm is optimized. The study builds a 10 kV distribution network model in MATLAB and simulates the neutral ground fault. It compares the results of the optimized line selection algorithm, and the traditional line selection algorithm proves that the accuracy of the method in identifying faulty lines is significantly better than that of the traditional method.

Identification of mutations related to phytate accumulation in barley kernels

Aim. To conduct DNA marker testing on a sample of Ukrainian selection barley samples for identify various lpa-mutations that affect to the qualitative composition of phosphorus in barley grains. Мethods. Isolation of DNA (CTAB method), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoretic determination of DNA amplification products in agarose gel for the identification of lpa mutations in barley grains. Results. The conducted molecular genetic studies of 20 breeding lines of hulless barley made possible to identify samples that have lpa-1 and lpa-2 mutations. The presence of such mutant genes determines a low content of organic (unavailable inorganic) phosphorus and an increased content of mineral (available) phosphorus that can be absorbed by the human body. Conclusions. The applied methods of identification of lpa-1 and lpa-2 mutations that affecting to the phytate content in whole grain barley allow for effective analysis of selection lines and mutant samples that can be used in future crossing schemes.

Dynamic Power Reduction in TCAM Using Advanced Selective Pre-Charging of Match Lines

In this paper, we propose a power-efficient memory operation, selective match line precharge, based on an analysis of power consumption in ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM). A statistical study reveals that, on average, 58% of power dissipation related to the match line operation is saved by deactivating the unnecessary swing of match lines. The improvement has been simulated and proved using 180 nm CMOS technology.

Bearded or smooth? Awns improve yield when wheat experiences heat stress during grain fill in the southeastern United States.

The presence or absence of awns-whether wheat heads are 'bearded' or 'smooth' - is the most visible phenotype distinguishing wheat cultivars. Previous studies suggest that awns may improve yields in heat or water-stressed environments, but the exact contribution of awns to yield differences remains unclear. Here we leverage historical phenotypic, genotypic, and climate data for wheat (Triticum aestivum) to estimate the yield effects of awns under different environmental conditions over a 12-year period in the southeastern USA. Lines were classified as awned or awnless based on sequence data, and observed heading dates were used to associate grain fill periods of each line in each environment with climatic data and grain yield. In most environments, awn suppression was associated with higher yields, but awns were associated with better performance in heat-stressed environments more common at southern locations. Wheat breeders in environments where awns are only beneficial in some years may consider selection for awned lines to reduce year-to-year yield variability, and with an eye towards future climates.

Study of the breeding forms of emmer wheat (<i>Triticum dicoccum</i> (Schrank) Schuebl.)

The results of the study of economically useful features of the plants of the semi-naked emmer wheat breeding lines (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.) with purple pericarp coloring of grain are presented. Seven breeding lines F9, created by two-step hybridization of the purple-grain durum wheat with naked and awnless emmer, and five breeding samples of seminaked emmer wheat were studied. In the field experiments, plants were selected for selection valuable traits. Phenological observations, structural analysis, and evaluation of the quantitative traits of the plants of emmer wheat breeding forms with purple grain coloration were carried out from 2020 to 2022. Two-way analysis of variance showed significant factors - the breeding lines and the years of study. In the course of the study, it was found that for further breeding work, emmer wheat lines carrying a combination of economically important traits are of value. Short-stalked purple-grain form 27-1 is resistant to lodging, the yield of the grain - 80 %, the weight of 1000 grains – 34–37 g. Line 27–12 has grains with purple color, high grain-unit value of about 800 g/l and good grain productivity for emmer wheat reaching 400 g/m2. Purple emmer line 31–16 has a good bushiness (3–4 pieces), short stalk (71–74 cm), high lodging resistance (4–5 points) and grain threshing capacity (80 %). From 2021 to 2022, the same studies were conducted with emmer wheat from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The selection line of emmer wheat 41/14 was distinguished by the high indicator of threshed grains (85 %). The main disadvantages of the established forms of emmer wheat with purple-colored grains still remain relatively low grain yield, insufficiently strong ear shank, not complete grinding of the grain from the flowering glumes and husks. However, further breeding work can improve these traits, as well as increase the grain yield, the weight of 1000 grains and a more complete release of the grain from the chaff during threshing.

Determining Genetic Markers and Seed Compositions Related to High Test Weight in Glycine max.

Test weight, one of the primary indicators of soybean seed quality, is measured as the amount of soybean seeds in kilograms that can fit into one hectoliter. The price that growers receive for their soybean is dependent on test weight. Over the past 50 years, growers have observed a decreasing trend in test weight. Therefore, it is imperative to understand better the relationship between soybean test weight and other traits to enable breeders to select parental lines with high test weights in breeding programs to ensure the grower's profitability. The objectives of the study were to identify genetic markers associated with high test weight in soybean and to determine the correlation between high test weight and five important seed composition traits (protein, oil, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose content). Maturity group IV and V germplasms from the USDA soybean germplasm collection were grown in Blacksburg and Warsaw in Virginia from 2019 to 2021 and were measured for all of the above traits. Results show that test weight values ranged from 62-77 kg/hL over the three years. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with high test weight were found on chromosome (Chr.) 15 along with a couple on chromosome 14, and 11 candidate genes were found near these SNPs. Test weight was found to be significantly negatively correlated with oil content, inconsistently correlated with protein content in all environments, and negatively correlated but not significantly with all three sugars except for raffinose in Blacksburg 2019. We concluded that the genes that underlie test weight might be on chromosome 15, and the validated associated SNPs might be used to assist breeding selection of test weight. Breeders should pay special attention to test weight while selecting for high oil content in soybean due to their negative correlation.

Exploring genetic diversity in inbred papaya lines for fruit quality in advanced stage of improvement

Despite the relevance of the global scenario regarding the papaya (Carica papaya L.) trade, there is still a limited number of papaya cultivars with different fruit patterns. Therefore, it is essential to explore the genetic variability at all levels of the germplasm used in the development of new papaya cultivars to meet its marketing goal. Thus, this study measured and explored the potential of genetic variability based on related to fruit quality traits, of a population of papaya lines in the F5 generation through several statistical analyzes. For this, 97 inbred lines obtained using the Single Seed Descent method, resulting from a cross between the JS-12 and Sekati genotypes, both with Formosa fruit pattern, were evaluated. Results indicated there was genetic variability in the fruit quality. The traits that most contributed to the variability were related to the fruit shape. The diverse population of 97 inbred papaya lines in the F5 generation showed promise for producing commercial-sized fruits in Formosa, Intermediate, and Solo patterns. Additionally, the selection of inbred papaya lines based on fruit shape using morpho-anatomical traits does not compromise physical and chemical parameters related to fruit quality.

Method of determination and selection of the best parent components of sugar beet hybrids (Beta vulgaris L.) by their productivity

The purpose of the research was to study the components of crossing and evaluate the efficiency of the obtained experimental sugar beet hybrids. Selection of the best lines for the use as parent components of monogerm hybrids was performed based on their sugar yield.
 Methods. Foreign pollinators of yield direction (rkБЗ4, rkБЗ5, rkБЗ6, rkБЗ7) and Ukrainian CMS lines were used in crosses. Experimental genotypes were obtained as a result of hybridization, recombination and selection. The genotypes were studied in controlled polycrosses and topcrosses. Variety testing was carried out in accordance with the standard protocols.
 Results. On the basis of use various methods of selection, promising genotypes with high adaptive potential were selected. The highest productivity of hybrids (in % to the standard) with CМS1 was 111.3%, CМS2 112.3%, CМS3 108.3%, and with pollinator rkБЗ6орс 103.8%. In combinations with pollinator абБЗ1 824 / CМS3, the resulted hybrid had productivity 111.2%. The hybrids resulted from combination rkБЗ4 644 / МS2 showed productivity of 109.3%, and rk БЗ4 644 / МС3 112.1%. Hybrids with CМS1 and CMS3 testers showed the productivity of 105.9% and CМS2 105.4%. In terms of sugar yield, the best combinations were rkБЗ7мтд / МS1 with 110.8% and rkБЗ7мтд / МS3 with 108.5%. Thus, the efficiency of pollinators made up 101.5%, 101.2%, 102.5% and 102.8%, respectively.
 Conclusions. Selected sugar beet hybrid components have been evaluated by their efficiency, combinational value and tolerance to the environmental conditions. A very high correlation relationship was found between foreign pollinators and Ukrainian CМS lines. It confirms their suitability as parent components of sugar beet hybrids. The efficiency of experimental hybrids depends both on components of crossing and climatic conditions of a zone of cultivation. Promising parent components of sugar beet hybrids have been selected.