Segment Of Sphere Research Articles

Legal issues of the artificial intelligence identification

Artificial intelligence, as well as a number of other products of the technological revolution, served as a prerequisite for the formation of a specific area of public relations, which led to the search for adequate forms and methods of legal regulation. The use of legal resources in the process of creating the necessary regulators has led to the accumulation of relevant practical experience and the emergence of a disciplinary ontology accumulating doctrinal knowledge about the AI legal existence. The central place in it is occupied by the issue of AI legal identification, which has both theoretical and practical significance. Its development involves the development of a complex of fundamental, programmatic and design issues. The article presents the solutions forming this complex in the context of the development of scientific legal knowledge and practice of legal regulation in the field of AI creation and use, as well as a rational view of mediation by law of the considered public relations in its current form; the author characterizes the content and dynamics of this view, analyzes the accumulated law-making experience and practice of legal experiments. The article also sets out forecasts for the further development of this segment of the legal sphere and the tools used to streamline it; defines the tasks of the legal doctrine for the future. The article was prepared on the basis of a scientific report presented by the author at a meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on March 12, 2024.

Kasimov Tatars during the Years of the Cultural Revolution in the USSR: On Materials of Regional Press of the 1920-1930s

The authors analyze the cultural component of the social life of the Kasimov Tatars in the interwar period, the essence of which was the implementation of the Cultural Revolution. Along with the industrialization of the country and the collectivization of agriculture in the mid-1920s, it was declared an important part of the three-tier program of socialist construction. The purpose is to establish the peculiarities of the behavioral pattern of the Kasimov Tatars in the period under review. The source base is the materials from periodicals and ego-documents. The study shows the conditions and realities of the “reforging of consciousness,” the struggle against the remnants of the past which boiled down to the attempts to eradicate the religious cults and customs of the Kasimov Tatars. There is revealed the level of development, continuity, and specificity of local transformation in the most important segment of the cultural sphere - education. The authors come to the conclusion that at the sharp turn of history in the 1920s the Kasimov Tatars showed energy and freedom in order to become “equal among equal” peoples, as declared at the official level. Trying to preserve their own identity, they also showed etatism peculiar to them accepting and actively participating in the transformations as part of the implementation of the Cultural Revolution tasks.

An efficient algorithm for areal morphological filter

This article discusses morphological filtering for assessing a areal parameters of a texture of engineering products. A data organization structure has been proposed that makes it possible to increase the efficiency of an iterative algorithm for enumerating a surface coordinates. Morphological filters complement the standard Gaussian filter to evaluate the functional properties of a surface. The widespread use of the areal morphological filtering in metrological practice is currently hampered by the lack of an effective algorithm. An algorithm based on a matrix representation of morphological operations on the surface coordinates is presented. For this purpose, different indexing of points on a primary surface and a structuring element has been introduced. A sphere or flat segment is used as the structuring element. The high performance of the developed algorithm is ensured due to the fact that all calculations are carried out by enumerating the surface coordinates in one pass, without nested loops, as in some other algorithms. Algorithms for morphological operations of dilation and erosion are presented, on the basis of which a closing and opening filters are constructed. Simulations carried out for various data sets and comparison with known morphological filtering algorithms confirmed the high efficiency of the designed algorithm. The results obtained can be used to analyze the functional properties of product surfaces.

THE CHARACTER, VIEWS, IDEAS AND SCIENTIFIC WORK OF IVAN LYSYAK-RUDNYTSKY FROM A HISTORICAL RETROSPECT: BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW

Аbstract
 The purpose of the study is a biographical and historiographical review of the figure, views, ideas and scientific work of the Ukrainian diasporic scholar-historian and public figure Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytskyi. The key task is to determine the influence of the researcher and his theoretical and methodological generalizations on his contemporary and especially post-Soviet Ukrainian historical science. The methodological basis of the research was primarily the methods of historiographical analysis and source criticism. Thanks to the analysis of I. Lysyak-Rudnytskyi's scientific output and the research dedicated to him, it was possible to comprehensively characterize his contribution to Ukrainian and world historical science and determine the relevance of his research even in our time. The scientific novelty is the coverage of I. Lysiak-Rudnytskyi's participation in the work of the International Congresses of Historians, especially the 13th Congress of Historians, which took place in 1970 in Moscow. Also a supplement to the currently available description was the detailing of his work on the idea of establishing contacts and cooperation between the Ukrainian Soviet and Ukrainian-American diaspora communities of historians, to which the trip of I. Lysiak-Rudnytskyi to Kyiv at the end of August 1970 was dedicated. impressions of the scientist, which he noted in his diary. Conclusions. The unique place of I. Lysiak-Rudnytskyi in the scientific and intellectual life of the Western Ukrainian diaspora in the 1950s - 1980s is determined. Despite his not entirely successful academic career and insignificant "publishing activity", the researcher received recognition and authority in the scientific and public sphere segments of the North American establishment.

НОВОСИБИРСКИЕ СЕЛЬСКИЕ РАЙОНКИ НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МЕДИПЛАТФОРМАХ

The article shows how the newspapers of the municipal districts of the Novosibirsk region are represented in social networks. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the fact that expanding interaction with social networks is one of the main features and trends in the development of regional and local press markets in Russia. The novelty is determined by the lack of published scientific articles concerning the current state of affairs in such a large region as the Novosibirsk region, as well as the empirical nature of the work carried out, which made it possible to trace the current state of this segment of the media sphere. The article presents the results of the analysis of audience indicators of public newspapers and monitoring of their content both in traditional social networks, such as VKontakte and Odnoklassniki, and in the relatively new Telegram, YouTube or Yandex.Zen. It is shown that all newspapers of this type have their own pages, on average they have 1.5–3 thousand subscribers on VKontakte and Odnoklassniki. The median number of posts per week is 22.5 posts for VKontakte and 20.8 for Odnoklassniki. At the same time, new platforms, such as Telegram, are just beginning to attract the interest of editorial offices — nine newspapers launched their tg channels in the spring of 2022, but the number of subscribers there is not yet large.

Does the chemical contribution have a secondary role in SERS?

It is an established understanding that the electromagnetic contribution (plasmon-mediated enhancement of a laser and scattered local electromagnetic fields) is the main actor in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with the so-called chemical (molecule-related) contribution assuming only, if any, a supporting role. The conclusion of our comprehensive experimental resonant study of a broad range of nanosphere lithography based metallic substrates, with covalently attached 4-mercaptobenzoic acid monolayers used as a probe (standard molecules that are non-resonant in solution), is that this accepted understanding needs to be revised. We present a detailed resonant SERS study of metal-film-over-nanosphere (MFON) substrates that is done by both scanning the laser wavelength and tuning the plasmon response through the nanosphere diameter, which is varied from 500 to 900 nm. Far and local field properties are characterized through measures of optical reflectivity and SERS efficiency, respectively, and are supported by numerical simulations. We demonstrate that SERS intensity depends indeed on the electromagnetic mechanism, determined by the plasmonic response of the system, but we observe that it is also strongly defined by a chemical resonant contribution related to a metal-to-ligand electronic transition of the covalently bound probe molecule. Optimum amplification occurs when the plasmon modes intersect with the ligand-to-metal chemical resonance, contributing synergically both mechanisms together. Quite notably, however, the largest SERS signal is observed when the laser is tuned with the metal-to-ligand transition, and typically does not follow the wavelength dependence of the plasmon modes when varying the nanosphere size. The same general trend is observed for other nanosphere lithography based substrates, including sphere segment void cavities and hexagonally ordered triangular nanoparticles, using either Ag or Au as the plasmonic metal, and also with a commercial substrate (Klarite). Interestingly, this extensive comparative investigation shows in addition that MFON substrates are significantly better than these other studied plasmonic substrates in terms of Raman intensity and homogeneity. We conclude that a deep understanding of both electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms is necessary to fully exploit these substrates for analytical applications.

A simulation method on target strength and circular SAS imaging of X-rudder UUV including multiple acoustic scattering

Target strength (TS) and circular synthetic aperture sonar (CSAS) images provide essential information for active acoustic detection and recognition of non-cooperative unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs), which pose a significant threat to underwater preset facilities. To access them, we propose an iterative physical acoustics (IPA)-based method to simulate the multiple acoustic scattered fields on rigid surfaces in high-frequency cases. It uses the Helmholtz integral equation with an appropriate Green's function in terms of the Neumann series, and then incorporates the ideas of triangulation and iteration into a numerical implementation. Then two approximate analytic formulae with precise physical meanings are derived to predict the TS and CSAS images of concave targets, respectively. There are no restrictions on the surface's curvature and the order of multiple scattering. The method is validated against the finite element method (FEM) for acoustic scattering from a sphere segment and against an experiment involving an X-rudder UUV's stern. On this basis, we simulate and analyze the TS and CSAS images of an X-rudder UUV. In addition, the influence of the angle of adjacent rudders on the multiple scattering characteristics is discussed. Results show that this method can potentially predict accurate UUV features, especially the multiple scattered features.

ÉPONYMES DANS LA TERMINOLOGIE DE LA MINÉRALOGIE (I)

Mineralogy has a complex and varied terminology. Eponyms represent a segment of the terminological sphere. They are words with cultural value which preserve the prestige of those who discovered a series of minerals. In order to illustrate this, we have studied eponyms starting with the letters A and B. One of their characteristics is the international nature. As they are specialized elements, the general-purpose dictionaries of the Romanian language do not record them. The forms of these words show that they largely follow the spelling and pronunciation of foreign proper names.

E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Modern economic processes and systems are subject to the influence of two of the most important modern processes: digitization and globalization. Digitalization is increasingly influencing all spheres of the economy and its individual segments. In particular, e-commerce has shown high growth rates in recent years. In the context of the digitalization of the economy, the technological component of this trade segment is being strengthened: new tools supporting artificial intelligence, big data analytics, automation of business processes are being introduced, and platform solutions are being developed. In parallel, the processes of integration and globalization of the economy stimulate the emergence of new types, forms of sale and distribution channels of goods on the global market. One of these forms of trade is electronic trade. Currently, e-commerce is one of the most dynamically developing segments of the trade sphere and the national economy in any country as a whole, which characterizes the impact of digital changes in modern life. Along with the popularization of e-commerce and changes in the consumption habits of the main groups of Internet consumers, e-commerce service providers provide professional services in all aspects of transactions, effectively reducing transaction costs, which encourages more and more autonomous traditional enterprises to participate in e-commerce by actively launching the Internet during transformation For modern companies, e-commerce is already a necessary advertising tool. Electronic commerce connects all links of the trade process with its participants (consumers, intermediaries, manufacturers, etc.) in a single chain, since it includes the need to adhere to the principles of standardization, automation of business processes, which as a result provides a high-quality level of information, reducing the costs of its participants and turning the whole process into a convenient means of promoting goods. E-commerce is based on the structure of traditional commerce, and the use of electronic networks adds flexibility to it. Using digital information in computer networks, e-commerce offers fundamentally new opportunities for doing business, for example, it facilitates the cooperation of business groups, improves relations with consumers, removes limitations in time and space, etc.

SERS using nanostar‐in‐cavity structures

AbstractParticle in cavity nanostructures were produced by sedimentation of silver nanostars (AgNSs) onto sphere segment void (SSV) cavity structures produced by electrodeposition of gold around templates formed by assembling close packed monolayer arrays of 220 or 600 nm diameter polystyrene spheres. The resulting AgNS@SSV nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their performance as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was examined. The enhancement factors obtained for the different structures were evaluated using benzenethiol as Raman probe, which adsorbs on Ag and Au to form a monolayer with uniform coverage, so allowing the enhancement to be quantified. Higher enhancements were obtained for the AgNSs@SSV substrates as compared with the gold SSV structures. The greatest enhancements were obtained when matching cavity and nanostar dimension so that only one nanostar could be accommodated in the cavity. The AgNS@SSV substrates were then shown to be promising substrates for the highly sensitive detection of dyes and, particularly, for the lake‐pigment cochineal lake, providing useful information and novel analytical tool for application in the field of cultural heritage diagnostics and conservation.

Social modernization: theoretical aspect

This article reveals the relevance of the topic associated with the need to modernize modern society. It gives a conceptual apparatus that characterizes this phenomenon. At the same time, the article outlines the difficulties and debatable issues that arise in the course of modernization. The article also substantiates the optimal model for the modernization of modern society and analyzes the practice of reforming individual segments of the social sphere.

Исследование прочностных характеристик долговременных быстровозводимых геодезических купольных укрытий для нужд аэромобильных группировок МЧС

PURPOSE. The article deals with examples of eliminating natural and man-made disasters with the involvement of means and forces of EMERCOM of Russia. The authors note the need to search for alternative options for structural layouts of long-term shelters to ensure the possibility of accommodating people during emergency situations elimination. A functional analysis of the requirements for the design of long-term shelters is carried out. The results of an interdisciplinary study of the two types of structural layouts of geodesic dome shelters of increased capacity are presented. METHODS. On the basis of calculations by the method of strength finite element analysis, the authors have obtained the dependencies of stress and strain state of separate structure elements on the choice of the type and characteristics of the structural layout and conducted an integrated assessment of functional, strength and technological characteristics. FINDINGS. Applying the integrated approach, the design and technological solutions considered in the article will allow engineering new, more comfortable and technically advanced long-lasting and rapidly deployable dome shelters due to: – reducing the deployment time; – increasing mobility; – simplifying the deployment process thanks to the unification of structural elements; – simplifying the implementation of correct assembly visual control during the structure erection; – increasing safe operation life by reducing the maximum stress and strain values for especially critical (core support) parts of the structure; – simplifying the structure technical condition control while in service. These factors are especially relevant to solving the problems of accommodating large groups of people with pressing need for long-term housing in emergency situations. In the future, with the help of the approach described, it is possible to increase the operating efficiency of airmobile groups of EMERCOM while eliminating the consequences of emergency situations. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The use of the results obtained will make it possible to adequately choose the type of geodesic dome structural layout for creating long-term shelters in order to ensure operating efficiency of airmobile groups of EMERCOM while eliminating the consequences of emergencies. CONCLUSIONS. The comprehensive comparison of the two types of structural layouts in terms of strength, technological and functional criteria has demonstrated the undeniable advantages of the second type (a hemisphere based on a cylinder) compared to the first one (3/4 of a sphere segment).

Онлайн-поведение пользователей новых медиа в преддверии массовых уличных протестов в России в январе и апреле 2021 года

The purpose of this work is to identify the specifics of the online audience behavior before major street actions in Russia: how users react to current events, what is the focus of their attention, which authors, publics and publications are gaining popularity. The research was held on 7 social media platforms and based on content analysis including both a quantitative and a qualitative methodology. A certain similarity was revealed in the behavior of users of different platforms within the same period: they were interested in the same news and the positions of the same personalities. In addition, Twitter and social media users showed an increased interest in each other's reactions to the events that concerned them. The «climate of opinions» investigation held by social media users was especially obvious before the rally, announced suddenly. The research also revealed similarities in media consumption, interest in the same opinion leaders and a similar level of politicization before rallies among users of 5 platforms. These social media form a unified segment of the public sphere. The research data suggest that the platforms where «the climate of opinions» leans in favor of the protest agenda are more likely to influence protest activity. At the same time, direct calls to take to the streets seem to have an insignificant impact on protest behavior.

The transfer of state functions in the field of physical culture and sports to public organizations in the 1960s

The article examines public organizations that functioned and performed state functions in the field of physical culture and sports. Special attention is paid to previously little-studied issues of interaction of the Union of Sports Societies and Organizations of the USSR with state bodies. The source base of the article is the normative legal acts regulating the activities of this organization, as well as documents of the Kaliningrad regional Union of Sports Societies and Organizations that were not previously introduced into scientific circulation. The liberalization of public life during the Thaw period had a significant impact on the position of public organizations in the Soviet political system. The scientific literature of that time actively discussed the issues of involving citizens and public organizations in solving the problems facing the country. One form of such involvement was the transfer of state functions to public organizations. As a result, public organizations were able to make important decisions in a certain segment of the public sphere. The Union of Sports Societies and Organizations of the USSR became a unique organization that completely replaced the state body in the field of physical culture and sports. Based on the material studied, the author comes to the conclusion that the liquidation of the Union of Sports Societies and Organizations of the USSR in 1968 coincided with other processes aimed at curtailing liberal principles in the USSR. Almost 10 years of activity of this organization have shown that the transfer of state functions into the hands of the public is indeed possible.

Public agenda fragmentation beyond established democracies: the case of Russian online publics in 2017

ABSTRACT New media introduce mechanics in the news consumption and deliberation of public agenda capable of disrupting the democratic process's normative assumptions (echo chambers, filter bubbles). However, most research has been concerned with cases from Western Europe and the US. In this paper, we examine the fragmentation of the Russian public sphere online. We build on previous works with evidence on networked connections between segments of the online public sphere. We collected news items (N = 210,197) and metadata of 12 news outlets with offline and online reach posted on the largest Russian-language platform during one year (2017). Following a computational approach based on topic modeling and qualitative reading, we match the network segments with their news agendas. Although we do not find evidence of fragmentation, we find divergencies in their agendas. We discuss these findings and their contribution to the discussion of fragmentation of publics and agendas in the digital environment.

The Role of Legal Service for Contractual Work Organization in Social and Medical Spheres

The article considers the organization of contractual work in social and medical spheres. The peculiarities of legal service work in the medical and educational segment are studied. The foreign practice of legal support of the social segment in medicine is pointed out. Considerable attention is paid to the organization of such work at the regional level. It is found out that in the work of health care institutions such legal service participates in ensuring compliance with sanitary norms and rules, acts of labor legislation and legislation on health care, fire safety, labor protection, civil protection, provides access to public information and protection of personal data. The complex analysis of normative-legal maintenance of legal service work organization is carried out. The definition of the contract in the field of social security is given and the most typical transactions concluded in this direction are characterized. It has been established that public offer agreements play a significant role here. The content of these agreements is revealed. Cases of concluding tripartite agreements are analyzed. It is found out that the form of such agreements is usually written (electronic); the term of the majority of the contract in the social sphere is determined by the moment of the need to provide the relevant service / performance of work (social support in employment and in the workplace, social rehabilitation of persons with intellectual and mental disorders). The issue of regulation of contracting under the reimbursement program is revealed. The purpose of activity of legal clinics at higher educational institutions is described and the reason of their popularity is substantiated. The tasks of the legal service at the educational institution are defined. Emphasis is placed on the specifics of the organization of remote work of the legal service in quarantine, remote format of services in other segments of social sphere.

The Old English Lexis of the Religious Sphere as a Reflection of the Mythical World-View

The article is a study of the ways the mythical concepts of the English mythological conceptual world-view are reflected in the Old English lexis. To explain this, we combine all the concepts under analysis into conceptual segments according to their dominant conceptual features. In the article, we specifically dwell on the conceptual segment of the RELIGIOUS SPHERE, which integrates three sub-segments, GOD (god), DEVIL (deofol), and RELIGIOUS/SPIRITUAL NOTIONS.

Broadband Antireflection Coatings Made of Resonant Submicron- and Micron-Sized SiGe Particles Grown on Si Substrates

The solid-state dewetting phenomenon was used to obtain submicron- and micron-sized SiGe particle arrays by the Ge deposition on Si(100) substrates. Their transmission and reflection spectra were measured and numerically modeled by the FDTD method. They exhibit resonance effects in broad infrared spectral ranges, depending on the particle size. The broadband antireflection property is associated with wide particle size distributions and the influence of a high-index substrate. The results show that the dewetting phenomenon provides the natural formation of arrays of particles shaped as close to a sphere segment, and they turned out to be effective as antireflection coatings.

Curved holographic optical elements from a geometric view point

We present a geometric framework to model the optical effects of deformations of planar holographic optical elements (HOE) into curved surfaces, such as sphere segments. In particular, we consider deformations which do not preserve the Gaussian curvature.

Foreign experience of financial support of municipal education and possibilities of its adaptation to domestic realities

Introduction. Under conditions of radical social change, a sensitive segment of the development of a modern civilized country is the social sphere, whose activities directly depend on the amount of funding, efficiency and speed of transformational change, which has an impact on the level and volume of local services. The study of experience gained abroad in the socio-economic development of municipal education as a segment of the social sphere, in the context of the budgetary mechanism for state and regional priorities is relevant in terms of organic integration of Ukraine’s economy into the European Union (EU) and rapid changes in geopolitical environment. The purpose of the study is to reveal the specifics of the functioning of the budgetary mechanism of socio-economic development of municipal education, based on lessons learned from foreign countries, and to apply them to the maximum benefit for the development of municipal education in Ukraine.Methods. During the study, methods of data collection and systematization, analysis, synthesis, grouping, comparison, generalization, as well as tabular-graphical method of budget regulation instruments in EU countries, foreign experience in forming sources of local budgets, etc. were used.Results. Under the current conditions, solving financial problems in the field of municipal education is an urgent task for Ukrainian and foreign practice of state and local government. Risky economic conditions, significant budget insecurity and low efficiency of local authorities in the management of financial resources often lead to the emergence and existence of local communities that are financially insolvent. The process of functioning of the budgetary mechanism of socio-economic development at the state and regional levels is accompanied by a number of such factors: the approved model of cooperation between state and local administrations, the current budgeting system, the level of decentralization of revenue and the distribution of responsibilities. Local taxes and fees are an important tool of the budgetary mechanism of socio-economic development of the social sphere at the regional level in foreign countries.Perspectives. Acquired foreign lessons are very useful for Ukraine due to the stimulation of socio-economic development of education in the context of decentralization in the direction of: redistribution of management functions and increase the level of responsibility in favor of local government representatives; granting local authorities and management the right to form budget funds through the regulation of local tax rates, as well as the right to distribute such funds; strengthening the level of diversification of the tax base of the regions, namely: by expanding the revenue base of local budgets.